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Research Article
Revised

“Science Fiesta!” Combining student-led community outreach with local culture

[version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 not approved]
PUBLISHED 20 Oct 2016
Author details Author details
OPEN PEER REVIEW
REVIEWER STATUS

Abstract

Science outreach improves science literacy among the public and communication skills of scientists. However, despite the array of well-documented benefits, robust outreach efforts are often absent from communities which stand to benefit the most from these initiatives. Here, we introduce “Science Fiesta,” a graduate student-led outreach initiative which utilizes cultural traditions of South Texas as a vehicle to establish self-sustaining interactions between scientists and their local community. Event assessment surveys indicated that attendees found the event both fun and educational.  At the same time, graduate students who organized the event and participated in outreach reported that they strengthened a variety of professional skills important for their future careers. More importantly, the event had a substantial positive impact on enthusiasm for science outreach.  Both public attendees and graduate students reported that they were likely to participate in future science outreach events, even though a majority of both groups had not been previously involved in outreach efforts. Science Fiesta is a model for a highly effective graduate student-led outreach initiative that is capable of 1) improving public scientific literacy, 2) reinforcing graduate education and career development and 3) creating a culture of science engagement within local communities.

Keywords

science outreach, science communication, graduate education, career development

Revised Amendments from Version 1

The manuscript was modified to improve clarity of methods to address the concerns of the reviewer.  Further, additional references were added to support the discussion section of the manuscript.

To read any peer review reports and author responses for this article, follow the "read" links in the Open Peer Review table.

Introduction

There is a growing appreciation for the importance of community outreach among scientists1. However, there is not yet a consensus regarding the most effective method of engaging the public. Instead, a number of public outreach models have emerged, each with a share of supporters and critics from within the scientific community2,3. Even the meaning of “outreach” has also proved contentious among scientists, alternatively defined as either unidirectional communication from scientists to the public or as bidirectional exchanges intended to foster dialogue2. In our initiative, we used “outreach” to broadly describe all efforts performed by scientists to communicate scientific information to non-expert audiences. Finally, perceptions regarding the benefits of outreach for scientists are continuing to change3. Recently, the traditional view of outreach as a “duty,” which solely benefits public literacy, has been challenged by the view that scientists, and particularly graduate students, also benefit from interactions with diverse public audiences4. Science Fiesta was conceived as a platform for scientists to inform, engage, and excite the public, while providing graduate students a unique opportunity for practical training in communication, leadership and project management.

San Antonio is a rapidly-growing metropolis and the largest city in South Texas5. The city features a vibrant biotechnology sector. Nearly 1 in 6 jobs are in healthcare or biosciences. The city is home to multiple public and private research universities, and has two large, private, world-class, non-profit research foundations6. Furthermore, South Texas can play a critical role in bolstering diversity in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education at all levels. A number of colleges and universities in the region are federally-designated “Hispanic-Serving Institutions” (HSIs)7 and receive funding from the U.S. Department of Education for programs in STEM and healthcare education and NIH-funding for biomedical science training through the Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) program8.

Still, South Texas is faced with specific challenges relating to science education. San Antonio lags behind other major cities in educational attainment with less than one-quarter of adults holding a 4-year degree and the region as a whole is affected by rates of poverty above the national average9. Moreover, many of the counties in the region have been designated as “Healthcare Professional Shortage Areas” (HPSAs) by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, indicating a need for more STEM professionals in the region10,11. These challenges represent an opportunity for science education, outreach and workforce development to improve quality of life in the entire region. While normative public engagement efforts can be constrained by specific goals, such as educating the public on a particular topic, Science Fiesta’s ultimate aim was to spark a culture of outreach and demonstrate the value of science to the San Antonio community.

Science Fiesta was developed by the Graduate Student Association (GSA) of the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA) in order to fulfill the need for broader science outreach and to create awareness and appreciation for the central role of science in the future of South Texas. To achieve this goal, the GSA sought to integrate the branding of its outreach efforts with a widely-attended, yearly event. Held each April, “Fiesta” is an over century-old San Antonio tradition, featuring a full two weeks of parades, festivals and community service activities across the city12. As a major local tradition, Fiesta presented a unique opportunity for scientists to engage with the San Antonio community.

Seamlessly integrated within this larger cultural tradition but held a month prior to the yearly Fiesta event, Science Fiesta aimed to preserve both the aesthetic qualities and festive environment of Fiesta events. Science Fiesta was held in venues used for traditional Fiesta events and featured a mixture of science outreach and local entertainment. The event featured dozens of booths representing San Antonio science institutions and industry, interactive science stations, discussion panels, a “Q&A” poster session (featuring science from undergraduate and graduate-level scientists), science-themed art exhibits, food vendors, Mexican folk dancers and musicians. Through these diverse offerings, Science Fiesta was an event embraced by the entire community. By providing activities that engaged both children and adults, trainees in attendance were challenged to practice multiple levels of science communication and tailor their scientific messages to a variety of diverse audiences. Furthermore, graduate students who organized the event further refined their scientific communication skills through selecting the modes of outreach best suited for the different groups in attendance. For example, the student organizers developed a poster template for the “Q&A” poster session accessible to a broad age group but selected questions for the discussion panel on science policy that engaged a more sophisticated audience. For trainees, Science Fiesta was more than an opportunity to practice science outreach and communication, but a unique educational opportunity to design and direct interactions between scientists and the general public for the maximum benefit of both groups. Importantly, organizing an event of this type allowed graduate students to developed career-specific skills not typically exercised in graduate-level science education.

Methods

The educational evaluation and assessment of Science Fiesta outlined below was deemed to be Not Regulated Research by the UT Health Science Center Institutional Review Board Office (Protocol Number: HSC20160219N).

Marketing

Science Fiesta was promoted through local magazines, as well as via public service announcements on Texas Public Radio, flyers posted in local businesses, and a social media campaign managed by graduate students. The social media campaign consisted of regular updates on the planning through Facebook and Twitter, using the hashtags #ScienceFiesta and #ScienceinoldSanAntonio.

Interactive science stations

More than a dozen interactive science stations hosted “hands-on” activities that allowed attendees to conduct simple science fair-style experiments. In order to draw foot traffic into Science Fiesta, interactive science stations were positioned immediately adjacent to the entrances of the venue. All groups were welcome to participate and either responded to direct invitations or applied to host a booth using a link on the event website. These groups were furnished with tables, chairs, table cloths, and electrical outlets, but were expected to furnish activities and information about their group.

Informational booths

Over two dozen informational booths were hosted by local universities, professional societies, scientific organizations, and local industry partners. The booths were intended to promote the awareness of local research and provide the public with ways to engage with science. While informal groups such as astronomy and botany clubs promoted science as recreation, representatives from local universities described educational opportunities to aspiring scientists and representatives from local companies educated the community about the scientific enterprise in San Antonio. Informational booths were recruited in the same manner as interactive stations.

“Q&A” poster session

The poster session served to engage the public with basic science that is being conducted in San Antonio and allow trainees to explain their research directly to the public. The session included more than 50 posters, representing several Texas universities. However, unlike traditional research posters, those featured at Science Fiesta were specifically designed by trainees to maximize their accessibility to a broad audience (Figure 1). The graduate students organizing the event produced a template to guide presenters in tailoring their posters to the public. In communicating their research, trainees were instructed to keep their talks concise while allowing for plenty of time for questions from the public. Students could sign up to present posters on the event website. An invitation for no-cost registration was sent to leaders of all local universities with the template for tailoring posters for public consumption.

d6f968cb-dda9-4435-a478-73d9617b5ae4_figure1.gif

Figure 1. Poster presenters were provided this template to guide their preparation for the event.

The template stresses simplicity.

Discussion panel

The graduate student planning team organized a discussion panel featuring local, state and national authorities on science policy and communication. The goal of the panel was to enrich the appeal of Science Fiesta to the public and scientists alike. The panel discussed topics related to supporting scientific education and research in South Texas, as well as sharing views on the importance of outreach as a driver of science in the region. Texas Public Radio recorded the panel and posted the audio to their website (www.tpr.org).

Keynote

We hosted a keynote speaker in order to increase interest in attending the event, entertain attendees, and set an example of effective science communication for students and career scientists. Therefore, we invited a nationally-recognized science journalist and New York Times® Bestselling Author.

Participant surveys

An anonymous feedback survey that contained six brief questions was collected via convenience sampling. The survey featured one nominal response, two binary responses, two ordinal responses, and one free-response question. Surveys were distributed at a table where Science Fiesta memorabilia was being sold. People who approached the table were offered a free Science Fiesta pen in exchange for completing the survey. Surveys were handed out and collected at this table from the start of the event, at 12pm, until approximately 5pm. This survey was available for the duration of the event. Attendees also had the option of scanning a QRS code and completing the survey online. We collected a total of 198 surveys.

Graduate student surveys

An anonymous graduate student survey was given to participants in the week following Science Fiesta. All respondents were PhD students who actively engaged in communicating their research to the public via the poster session as well as greeting the public throughout the day. For the purpose of administering surveys and analyzing results, graduate student participation was defined as having played a substantive role in the planning and execution of any part of the event in one’s own judgement. The survey contained twenty-two questions featuring ordinal- and free-response questions. Some questions asked the respondent to compare perceived personal abilities before and after participation in Science Fiesta in a retrospective fashion. Out of fifteen surveys distributed, twelve were returned.

Data analysis

Data were manually input into Excel (Version 15.24) for graphing. When appropriate, Fisher’s exact test was computed using Graphpad Prism (Version 6.0d) software in order to compare student confidence in their own abilities before and after participation in science fiesta.

Results

Community impact of Science Fiesta

Question 1: How did you hear about Science Fiesta?
Question 2: Have you ever attended a science event before?
Question 2b: If so, what?
Question 3: Did you attend the World Periodic Table Event on March 2?
Question 4: What was your favorite part about Science Fiesta?
Question 5: On a scale of 1 to 5, how likely are you to come to other science events? Circle one.
Question 6: On a scale of 1 to 5, how much did you learn about science in San Antonio? Circle one.
Question
Survey No.122b3456Question 1: How did you hear about Science Fiesta?
1Social MediaYesYesFamily/Kid-friendly54Family/Friend/Colleague4751.1%
2Social MediaYesYesHands-on Activities55Social Media4043.5%
3Walk-inNoNoLearning about Science55Walk-in3133.7%
4Walk-inNoNoHands-on Activities44School Districts2325.0%
5Walk-inYesNoLearning about Science55Other Media88.7%
6Social MediaNoNo52Print Media77.6%
7Print MediaNoNoHands-on Activities35Universities77.6%
8Social MediaNoNoHands-on Activities35Flyer77.6%
9School DistrictsYesschool science fairNoFamily/Kid-friendly55Community Programs55.4%
10Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoDiversity of Events44Other44.3%
11Social MediaNoNoLearning about Science54Total92100.0%
12Family/Friend/ColleagueYesschoolNo45
13Social MediaNoNoHands-on Activities55Question 2: Have you ever attended a science event before?
14Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoDiversity of Events55Yes5226.3%
15Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoDiversity of Events55No14673.7%
16Family/Friend/ColleagueYesmindscienceYesFamily/Kid-friendly44Total198
17Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoHands-on Activities43
18Walk-inNoNoDiversity of Events54Question 3: Did you attend the World Periodic Table Event on March 2?
19Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoMeeting Local Scientists54Yes178.6%
20Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly55No18191.4%
21Family/Friend/ColleagueYesYesFamily/Kid-friendly54Total198
22OtherNoYesInformational Booths55
23Social MediaNoYesFamily/Kid-friendly55
24School DistrictsNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly54Question 4: What was your favorite part about Science Fiesta?
25School DistrictsNoNoDiversity of Events15Hands-on Activities3721.9%
26Walk-inYesNoHands-on Activities54Diversity of Events3319.5%
27Walk-inNoNoLearning about Science33Family/Kid-friendly3118.3%
28Walk-inNoNoLearning about Science15Informational Booths2514.8%
29Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoVenue53Learning about Science2213.0%
30Print MediaNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly44Research Posters127.1%
31Walk-inNoNo55Meeting Local Scientists42.4%
32Social MediaNoNo33Venue31.8%
33Print MediaNoYesResearch Posters54Food/Drinks10.6%
34Print MediaYesRobotics CompetitionNo33Music/Art10.6%
35School DistrictsNoNoFood/Drinks55Total169
36School DistrictsNoNo33
37Walk-inNoNoLearning about Science43Question 5: On a scale of 1 to 5, how likely are you to come to other science events?
38Social MediaNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly55Very Unlikely73.5%
39Social MediaNoYes44Unlikely21.0%
40School DistrictsNoYesDiversity of Events43Undecided105.1%
41Walk-inNoNoDiversity of Events45Likely4321.7%
42UniversitiesNoNo54Very Likely13668.7%
43Walk-inYes1st logo bargeNo55Total198
44FlyerNoNoResearch Posters54
45OtherNoNoDiversity of Events55Question 6: On a scale of 1 to 5, how much did you learn about science in San Antonio?
46Family/Friend/ColleagueYesNoFamily/Kid-friendly12Nothing00.0%
47Social MediaYeswitteNoHands-on Activities44Very Little63.0%
48Walk-inNoNoHands-on Activities15Undecided199.6%
49Social MediaNoNo35Some6733.8%
50UniversitiesYesCASTYes55A Lot10653.5%
51Walk-inNoNoHands-on Activities44Total198
52School DistrictsNoNoInformational Booths52
53Social MediaNoYesResearch Posters55
54Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoLearning about Science55
55Walk-inNoNoHands-on Activities44
56Social MediaNoNo54
57Social MediaYesobotics competitionNoHands-on Activities55
58Social MediaNoNoDiversity of Events55
59Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoHands-on Activities54
60Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoInformational Booths45
61Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoInformational Booths44
62Other MediaNoNoHands-on Activities54
63Community ProgramsNoNoHands-on Activities14
64Social MediaNoNoDiversity of Events55
65Social MediaNoNoHands-on Activities55
66Social MediaNoNoMeeting Local Scientists55
67Walk-inNoNoResearch Posters55
68Walk-inNoNoResearch Posters54
69Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly55
70School DistrictsNoNoDiversity of Events54
71Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoInformational Booths55
72Social MediaNoNoHands-on Activities55
73OtherNoNo54
74Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoDiversity of Events55
75School DistrictsNoNoDiversity of Events55
76Community ProgramsYesRock it to ScienceNoFamily/Kid-friendly55
77School DistrictsNoNoDiversity of Events55
78Social MediaNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly44
79Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoHands-on Activities43
80FlyerNoNoDiversity of Events44
81School DistrictsNoNoInformational Booths45
82School DistrictsNoNoResearch Posters55
83Walk-inNoNoInformational Booths54
84Walk-inNoNoInformational Booths55
85Family/Friend/ColleagueYesmuseumNoHands-on Activities44
86Social MediaNoNoResearch Posters55
87Print MediaYesgirl scout engineer dayNoHands-on Activities55
88School DistrictsNoNoDiversity of Events43
89School DistrictsNoNoInformational Booths55
90Walk-inNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly54
91Walk-inYesschool science fairNo54
92FlyerYesrobotics fairNoInformational Booths55
93Walk-inNoNoVenue45
94Other MediaNoYesInformational Booths55
95School DistrictsYesGirls, IncYesHands-on Activities55
96Social MediaNoNo43
97Walk-inNoNoLearning about Science43
98UniversitiesNoNo55
99Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoHands-on Activities45
100Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoHands-on Activities54
101Walk-inYesschoolNoResearch Posters54
102Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoMeeting Local Scientists55
103Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly54
104Other MediaYesscience expo at UTSANoInformational Booths55
105Walk-inYeswitteNoFamily/Kid-friendly54
106Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly15
107Walk-inNoNoInformational Booths55
108Walk-inNoNoResearch Posters55
109FlyerNoNo54
110Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoInformational Booths55
111Social MediaYesUTSA conferenceYesHands-on Activities55
112Walk-inNoNoInformational Booths55
113Social MediaNoYesHands-on Activities55
114Walk-inNoNoHands-on Activities45
115Social MediaNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly55
116Walk-inNoNoLearning about Science43
117Social MediaNoNo33
118FlyerNoNo55
119Social MediaYesNoHands-on Activities54
120Social MediaNoNoInformational Booths55
121Community ProgramsNoNoDiversity of Events54
122Family/Friend/ColleagueYesGirls, IncNoHands-on Activities55
123Social MediaNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly55
124Community ProgramsYeshigh school fairs& physics professional orgNoDiversity of Events55
125Family/Friend/ColleagueYesresearch event at UTHSCNoDiversity of Events55
126School DistrictsYeswitteNo44
127UniversitiesYeswitteNoHands-on Activities55
128Walk-inYesNoMeeting Local Scientists44
129Social MediaNoNoDiversity of Events55
130Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly55
131Walk-inYesscience fairNoFamily/Kid-friendly34
132Social MediaNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly55
133Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoDiversity of Events55
134Walk-inNoNo24
135Family/Friend/ColleagueYesJudson ISDNoFamily/Kid-friendly54
136Walk-inNoNoInformational Booths44
137Walk-inNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly54
138Social MediaNoNoInformational Booths54
139Other MediaNoNoHands-on Activities53
140Walk-inYesschoolNoDiversity of Events44
141Print MediaNoNoHands-on Activities54
142Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoResearch Posters54
143School DistrictsNoNoDiversity of Events45
144Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoLearning about Science44
145Walk-inNoNoDiversity of Events55
146School DistrictsYesNoDiversity of Events54
147Other MediaYesin science fieldNoDiversity of Events55
148Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoResearch Posters14
149Social MediaNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly55
150OtherYesCant readYesDiversity of Events55
151Walk-inYesscience fairNoLearning about Science55
152Walk-inNoNoMusic/Art54
153Walk-inNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly55
154Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoDiversity of Events54
155Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoHands-on Activities45
156Other MediaNoNo55
157Walk-inNoNoInformational Booths44
158Walk-inNoNo55
159Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoLearning about Science55
160Social MediaYesScobeNoLearning about Science54
161Other MediaNoNoHands-on Activities54
162Social MediaNoNoHands-on Activities55
163School DistrictsYesconferencesNoVenue44
164Family/Friend/ColleagueYescambridge science weekNoDiversity of Events52
165Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoLearning about Science55
166FlyerNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly55
167Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoHands-on Activities55
168Walk-inNoNoLearning about Science42
169Walk-inNoNoResearch Posters54
170Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNo33
171Social MediaNoYes55
172Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoLearning about Science55
173School DistrictsNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly55
174Walk-inNoNoLearning about Science55
175UniversitiesNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly55
176Walk-inYescampus wideNoFamily/Kid-friendly54
177Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoHands-on Activities55
178FlyerNoNo55
179Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoFamily/Kid-friendly55
180UniversitiesNoNoInformational Booths55
181School DistrictsYesNoLearning about Science55
182School DistrictsYesNoDiversity of Events54
183Social MediaYesCASTNo23
184Walk-inNoNo43
185Walk-inNoNo55
186Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoLearning about Science43
187School DistrictsNoNoInformational Booths44
188Community ProgramsNoNoLearning about Science54
189UniversitiesYesNoHands-on Activities54
190Family/Friend/ColleagueNoNoDiversity of Events45
This is a portion of the data; to view all the data, please download the file.
Dataset 1.Results of Science Fiesta attendee surveys.
The spreadsheet contains questions and responses for each of the 198 surveys collected, as well as a table of compiled results.

Science Fiesta was attended by approximately 3,500 people. From those who completed the survey we found that most had never previously attended science outreach events (73.7%). Survey results indicate that the abundance of hands-on/family-friendly activities were the most popular element of the event, with 40.2% of respondents listing in an open-ended response that those were their favorite aspects of the event. Next most commonly-cited (37.3%) were the educational activities of the event, including informational booths, learning about science, and meeting local scientists. The least common responses were aspects such as the venue, music and food offerings (3%). A large fraction (19.5%) of attendees answered more broadly, saying that they enjoyed the diverse offerings (Figure 2A). More importantly, Science Fiesta substantially increased interest in science events within the community. Even though only 26.3% of attendees said they had attended a science event before, over 90% of respondents said they were likely or very likely to attend other science events (Figure 3).

d6f968cb-dda9-4435-a478-73d9617b5ae4_figure2.gif

Figure 2.

(A) A survey of attendee’s favorite aspects of Science Fiesta show that people enjoyed a variety of aspects (n=169). These responses were further broken down into general themes of family friendliness, educational value, and entertainment value. (B) The vast majority of attendees reported that they learned about science as a result of attending Science Fiesta (n=198).

d6f968cb-dda9-4435-a478-73d9617b5ae4_figure3.gif

Figure 3. After attending Science Fiesta, 90% of community attendees are either “likely” or “very likely” to attend other science events (n=198).

Graduate student benefits of Science Fiesta

Questions
Survery No.Q.1Q.2Q.3AQ.3BQ.3CQ.3DQ.3EQ.3FQ.4AQ.4BQ.4CQ.4DQ.4EQ.4FQ.5AQ.5BQ.5CQ.6Q.7Q.8Q.9Q.10Question 1Prior to participating in Science Fiesta I was:
155454444454444555YesQuestion 2As a result of participating in the organization of Science Fiesta, how likely are you to participate in future science outreach events:
235332333433444544YesQuestion 3When thinking about your skills prior to Science Fiesta, please indicate your confidence in the following:
355545443555543445YesBeing able to participate in a city-changing eventSet goals highPracticing science presentation to the publicNeed to focus on sponsorshipsAAbility to communicate science to the public
425455445555555555YesNetworking with non-UTHSCSAHow hungry for science the general public isIt will positively impact it because I have established valuble contacts inside and outside of scienceI hope we do more events like this and will definitely participate with them as much as possibleBAbility to communicate science to a scientific audience
525434444555555545YesConnections, leading a team, new friendsLeadership, organizationLeadership abilitiesCAbility to lead a team
625545444545544555YesGetting involved with the student body. Planning a community event and see it develop into fruitionPutting together an event is possible wih only a handful of peopleAll of my jobs prior grad school involved community involvement and I enjoyed continuing itDAbility to set goals and follow through with them
735323323555545555YesI expanded my network and learned to manage multiple prioritiesProject managementVery goodEAbility to plan my career
835332233544434555YesLeadershipHow to communicate with non-scientistsHelp me to be a science leaderFThat I have the skills to attain my career of choice
955443433443444555YESQuestion 4When thinking about your skills following participation in Science Fiesta, please indicate your confidence in the following:
1024333334433434454YESAAbility to communicate science to the public
1124444433444433344NOBAbility to communicate science to a scientific audience
1255445433555545554YESCAbility to lead a team
DAbility to set goals and follow through with them
EAbility to plan my career
FThat I have the skills to attain my career of choice
Question 5Please indicate how much you agree with the following:
AI learned valube skills as a result of participating in Science Fiesta:
BParticipating in student-lead initiatives help to prepare me for my future career
CI am eager to participate in future student events as a result of participating in Science Fiesta:
Question 6Do you feel you can actually use what you learned by participating in Science Fiesta?
Question 7What did you find most valuble about participating in planning Science Fiesta?
Question 8What did you learn from participating in Science Fiesta?
Question 9How do you feel participating in Science Fiesta will impact your career?
Question 10Any other comments?
Question 1Prior to participating in Science Fiesta I was:
Not EngagedSomewhat EngagedEngagedVery Engaged
Total530412
Question 2As a result of participating in the organization of Science Fiesta, how likely are you to participate in future science outreach events:
Very UnlikelyUnlikelyNeither Likely or UnlikelyLikelyVery Likely
Total00021012
Question 3When thinking about your skills prior to Science Fiesta, please indicate your confidence in the following:
AAbility to communicate science to the public
Highly Not UnconfidentNot ConfidentNeither Confident nor Not ConfidentConfidentReally Confident
Total0046212
BAbility to communicate science to a scientific audience
Highly Not UnconfidentNot ConfidentNeither Confident nor Not ConfidentConfidentReally Confident
Total0145212
CAbility to lead a team
Highly Not UnconfidentNot ConfidentNeither Confident nor Not ConfidentConfidentReally Confident
Total0233412
DAbility to set goals and follow through with them
Highly Not UnconfidentNot ConfidentNeither Confident nor Not ConfidentConfidentReally Confident
Total0138012
EAbility to plan my career
Highly Not UnconfidentNot ConfidentNeither Confident nor Not ConfidentConfidentReally Confident
Total0165012
FThat I have the skills to attain my career of choice
Highly Not UnconfidentNot ConfidentNeither Confident nor Not ConfidentConfidentReally Confident
Total0074112
Question 4When thinking about your skills following participation in Science Fiesta, please indicate your confidence in the following:
AAbility to communicate science to the public
Highly Not UnconfidentNot ConfidentNeither Confident nor Not ConfidentConfidentReally Confident
Total0005712
BAbility to communicate science to a scientific audience
Highly Not UnconfidentNot ConfidentNeither Confident nor Not ConfidentConfidentReally Confident
Total0024612
CAbility to lead a team
Highly Not UnconfidentNot ConfidentNeither Confident nor Not ConfidentConfidentReally Confident
Total0033612
DAbility to set goals and follow through with them
Highly Not UnconfidentNot ConfidentNeither Confident nor Not ConfidentConfidentReally Confident
Total0006612
EAbility to plan my career
Highly Not UnconfidentNot ConfidentNeither Confident nor Not ConfidentConfidentReally Confident
Total0037212
FThat I have the skills to attain my career of choice
Highly Not UnconfidentNot ConfidentNeither Confident nor Not ConfidentConfidentReally Confident
Total0026412
Question 5I learned valube skills as a result of participating in Science Fiesta:
AI learned valube skills as a result of participating in Science Fiesta:
Strongly DisagreeDisagreeNeither Agree nor DisagreeAgreeStrongly Agree
Total0012912
BParticipating in student-lead initiatives help to prepare me for my future career
Strongly DisagreeDisagreeNeither Agree nor DisagreeAgreeStrongly Agree
Total0004812
CI am eager to participate in future student events as a result of participating in Science Fiesta:
Strongly DisagreeDisagreeNeither Agree nor DisagreeAgreeStrongly Agree
Total0004812
Question 6Do you feel you can actually use what you learned by participating in Science Fiesta?
YesNo
Total111
Dataset 2.Results of student organizer surveys.
The spreadsheet contains questions and responses for each of the 12 surveys collected, as well as compiled results for each question.

Trainees participating in Science Fiesta were characterized by varying degrees of prior engagement in science outreach (Figure 4). However, after taking part in Science Fiesta, 100% of participating graduate students reported the highest level of enthusiasm for future outreach initiatives. In addition to improved appreciation for public engagement, trainees reported perceived improvements in a number of professional skills (Figure 5). Most notably, trainees were significantly more likely to characterize themselves as confident communicating science to the public, and setting and following through with goals (p=0.047, for both) (Figure 4A,D). Overall, trainees derived considerable value by participating in science outreach and consider the skills gained from the experience to be highly relevant to their career development (Figure 5).

d6f968cb-dda9-4435-a478-73d9617b5ae4_figure4.gif

Figure 4.

Science Fiesta facilitated student training in a number of skill-areas associated with professional success, including communication to the public (A) and other scientists (B), (C) leadership and (D) organizational management. In each case, results suggest that students benefitted from participation in Science Fiesta (n=12).

d6f968cb-dda9-4435-a478-73d9617b5ae4_figure5.gif

Figure 5.

(A) Career development adds considerable value to student training through outreach. (B) Science outreach provides valuable training for early-career scientists (n=12).

Discussion

Science communication and public engagement are fundamental roles of scientists. Here, we describe “Science Fiesta,” a student-led outreach initiative tailored to engage the local community of San Antonio, Texas. Science Fiesta combined science outreach, entrainment and local culture in order to attain an exceptionally diverse appeal within the community.

Science Fiesta succeeded in attracting segments of the public who either were not previously inclined, or lacked the opportunity, to engage with science. This assertion is supported by data provided by public attendees, citing Science Fiesta’s diversity of activities as the primary sources of satisfaction with the event (Figure 2A). Interestingly, while relatively few respondents specifically cited the educational activities as their favorite component, more than 80% reported receiving a positive science learning experience at the event (Figure 2B). While educational activities were not the primary focus for attendees, learning outcomes were achieved through immersion in science. The vast majority of attendees indicated that they learned “some” or “a lot” about science at the event (87.3%).

Through Science Fiesta, we planned and executed an event that was perceived by all parties to be enjoyable, family-friendly, and educational. In doing so, we created enthusiasm for engaging in future science outreach efforts amongst graduate students and attendees. Thus, Science Fiesta-“like” events could achieve a sustained improvement in the culture of scientific engagement within a community, such as that of San Antonio. This is supported by evidence from public attendees, as approximately 90% expressed a likelihood of attending future science events (Figure 3). This result is even more remarkable when considering that over 70% of respondents had not previously attended science outreach events. Similarly, trainees participating in Science Fiesta were not uniformly involved in science outreach prior to the event. Although the graduate student survey results are based on responses from a small number of students (n=12) we are encouraged by these initial results. Before Science Fiesta, 42% of graduate students participating in organizing the event were not previously engaged in outreach. However, following participation in this initiative, trainee enthusiasm for science outreach increased dramatically. All participating trainees reported that they were “very likely” to engage in future outreach initiatives as a result of their experience with Science Fiesta. It is our hope that the increased interest in science engagement among both the public and graduate students will seed a culture of science-awareness and appreciation in the community.

Importantly, as the job market for scientists with post-secondary training continues to diversify into areas outside of academic research (i.e. public policy, scientific journalism and education) and become increasingly competitive within academic research, increased emphasis on developing programs to promote the career preparedness of trainees is required. We present evidence that graduate student-led outreach initiatives not only instill a consciousness for the importance of public engagement, but offer an effective method for career training. Mastering communicating research to diverse audiences, as well as organizing outreach initiatives, develops career skills not taught through laboratory training. Importantly, the graduate students reported positive impacts in key professional skills: communication (Figure 4A–B), leading teams of peers (Figure 4C), as well as setting and achieving project objectives (Figure 4D). As indicated by student responses, these skills are valued by trainees as an important part of their professional growth (Figure 5A). As a whole, the trainees deemed their participating in outreach to be a beneficial learning experience that added value to their education (Figure 5B).

It is important to know that all surveys deployed were dependent on self-reporting. Specifically, the positive impacts of participation in Science Fiesta were all dependent on self-report. The authors are aware that self-reported perceived outcomes are not always aligned with actual results, as discussed in Brownell and Kloser (2015)13. Therefore, additional methods to assess the effectiveness of science outreach efforts will be investigated in the future. Additionally, limits to the benefits of short-duration outreach programs have been previously discussed (see Laursen et al., 2007)1. Therefore, we must acknowledge that although our results indicate multiple positive outcomes this could be a reflection of the short duration of the program2. However, these efforts are a foundational starting point towards accomplishing our goals of increasing public science understanding, enthusiasm and engagement as well as outreach participation and career readiness within graduate student scientists.

It is clear that planning and participating in Science Fiesta addressed professional development gaps in graduate education. Science Fiesta engaged every level of the STEM pipeline, developed career skills among graduate students, and connected local industry and academia with the larger community. However, the most promising outcome of Science Fiesta was enthusiasm for science within the community, as reflected by survey results citing increased interest in science outreach, among both the public and graduate students. This enthusiasm has the potential to lead to sustained improvement in science awareness and literacy. We propose that Science Fiesta, and events which employ its model, may address issues, such as STEM workforce development, barriers to diversity, low educational attainment, and public investment in the sciences. We assert that weaving science into the local cultural fabric may establish a tradition of engagement between scientists and the community.

Data availability

F1000Research: Dataset 1. Results of Science Fiesta attendee surveys, 10.5256/f1000research.9560.d13525814

F1000Research: Dataset 2. Results of student organizer surveys, 10.5256/f1000research.9560.d13525915

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Block TJ, Marinkovic M, Gray J et al. “Science Fiesta!” Combining student-led community outreach with local culture [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2016, 5:2319 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9560.2)
NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
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ApprovedThe paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested
Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit.
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Reviewer Report 03 Jan 2017
Jon D. Miller, International Center for the Advancement of Scientific Literacy, Institute for Social Research, Northwestern, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 
Not Approved
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This is an interesting testimonial from a group of graduate students at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio. It demonstrates the enthusiasm of the students for the communication of science and for the development of speaking ... Continue reading
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Miller JD. Reviewer Report For: “Science Fiesta!” Combining student-led community outreach with local culture [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2016, 5:2319 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.10588.r16842)
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
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Reviewer Report 03 Oct 2016
Greg B. Clark, Department of Molecular Biosciences, UT Austin, Austin, TX, USA 
Approved
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This manuscript describes a recent science outreach event which was held in San Antonio. The authors provide the results of surveys completed by the public as well as the graduate student scientists that participated in the event. Overall this is ... Continue reading
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Clark GB. Reviewer Report For: “Science Fiesta!” Combining student-led community outreach with local culture [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2016, 5:2319 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.10297.r16280)
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.

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Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article:
Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested
Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit.
Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions
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