Andri F, Dono ND, Sasongko H and Zuprizal Z. The effects of dietary seaweed inclusion on growth performance of broiler chickens: a systematic review and meta-analysis [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2020, 9:1087 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25726.1)
NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
1Doctoral Program of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 2Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 3Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
Background: There has been great interest in the use of seaweed as a functional feed ingredient for poultry in the last decade. This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary seaweed inclusion on growth performance of broiler chickens by using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Methods: A systematic search of published research articles related to seaweed, broiler chickens, and growth performance was conducted using three online databases (Scopus, PubMed, and SciELO). Mean values, standard deviation, and sample size were extracted from each eligible study. The estimated effect size was then quantified using Hedges’ g with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Data were pooled using a fixed-effect model due to the absence of heterogeneity after being pre-checked using the I2 statistic. Results: A total of six studies (nine comparisons) involving 2,257 broiler chickens were accommodated in this study. The seaweed type consisted of seaweed blend, Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiformis, and Ulva lactuca. The inclusion dose ranged from 2 to 30 g/kg, while the intervention duration ranged from 21 to 42 days. No substantial heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 0.00%) was found for feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Dietary seaweed had no significant effect on feed intake (Hedges’ g = 0.19; 95% CI = -0.22 to 0.60; P = 0.280). However, broiler chickens fed dietary seaweed had superior body weight gain (Hedges’ g = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.22 to 1.06; P = 0.000) and preferable feed conversion ratio (Hedges’ g = -0.53; 95% CI = -0.95 to -0.11; P = 0.004). Conclusions: The current investigation highlights that dietary seaweed had growth-promoting potency for broiler chickens. However, more research on this issue is still required to build more comprehensive evidence.
Keywords
alginate, body weight gain, fucoidan, fucoxanthin, functional feed, laminarin, macroalgae, poultry
Corresponding author:
Zuprizal Zuprizal
Competing interests:
No competing interests were disclosed.
Grant information:
This work was supported by the Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education, Ministry of Finance, Republic of Indonesia.
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
There has been great interest in the use of seaweed as a functional feed ingredient for poultry in the last decade. The primary functional compounds in seaweed are polysaccharides, peptides, fatty acids, phlorotannins, and carotenoids1–3. These compounds have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties4–7, which are essential to support production performance.
Several reviews have compiled studies regarding the effect of dietary seaweed inclusion on poultry performance8–13. However, those reviews were based on a narrative approach, which mostly led to an inconclusive epilogue due to the contradictory results among studies. The use of systematic review and meta-analysis has become popular in animal science14–18. This methodology can integrate and determine the overall effect of interventions from several studies to provide more accurate insight than the narrative review. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of dietary seaweed inclusion on the growth performance of broiler chickens using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.
Methods
This study was reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines19. The PRISMA checklist is presented in Reporting guidelines20.
Eligibility criteria
Research articles published in peer-reviewed journals between the years of 2000 to 2020 and written in English were eligible. Additionally, eligible studies also should fulfill the participants, interventions, comparisons, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) criteria given in Table 1.
Table 1. PICOS criteria.
Items
Criteria
Participants
Broiler chickens
Interventions
Inclusion of dietary seaweed either as such or fermented product
Comparisons
Diet without seaweed inclusion (control)
Outcomes
Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio
Study design
Controlled trials
Searching strategy
The online search was conducted using three databases, namely Scopus, PubMed, and SciELO, with the queries in Table 2. The final search was on 25 June 2020. The references from the included studies were also screened to find additional eligible studies.
Table 2. The search query in Scopus, PubMed, and SciELO databases.
Database
Search query
Scopus
(TITLE-ABS-KEY (seaweed OR macroalgae) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (growth OR performance) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (broiler OR chicken))
PubMed
((seaweed[Title/Abstract] OR macroalgae[Title/Abstract]) AND (growth[Title/Abstract] OR performance[Title/Abstract])) AND (broiler[Title/Abstract] OR chicken[Title/Abstract])
SciELO
(ab:(seaweed OR macroalgae)) AND (ab:(growth OR performance)) AND (ab:(broiler OR chicken))
Study selection
Firstly, the duplicate reports were removed from the database in Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 software. After that, the title and abstract were examined. Irrelevant studies, non-English reports, and review articles were then excluded from the list. The full text was further evaluated according to the eligibility criteria.
Data collection
Mean values, standard deviations, and sample sizes were extracted from each included study. The target variables in this study were feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). When a study used the standard error of means as a variance measure, it was converted into standard deviation21. In the case of more than one seaweed type used in a study, each treatment was coded individually. On the other hand, the treatment was pooled when a study used more than one dose of the same seaweed type22. None of the authors were contacted for further clarification.
Data analysis
Data analysis was performed using Meta-Essential version 1.523. The estimated effect size (the difference between seaweed intervention and control) was quantified using Hedges’ g with a 95% confidence interval (CI)24. Data were pooled using a fixed-effect model due to the absence of heterogeneity after being pre-checked using the I2 statistic25. A significant effect was declared when the overall estimated effect size had P < 0.05. Publication bias was not evaluated because the number of the included studies was fewer than 1026.
Results
The PRISMA flow diagram is shown in Figure 1. The search using three online databases identified 47 records. Of these, five studies met the eligibility criteria. Additionally, one study from reference screening also found to be eligible. Therefore, a total of six studies, with nine comparisons were included in the synthesis.
Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram.
The details of the included studies are shown in Table 3. A total of 2,257 broiler chickens were involved in this study. The seaweed type used included seaweed blend27, Laminaria japonica28,30, Undaria pinnatifida29,31, Hizikia fusiformis31, and Ulva lactuca32. The inclusion dose ranged from 2 to 30 g/kg, while the intervention duration ranged from 21 to 42 days. The extracted data of target variables is presented as Extended data33.
As shown in Figure 2, no substantial heterogeneity was found for any variables (I2 = 0.00%). Dietary seaweed had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on FI. However, this intervention significantly improves (P < 0.05) the BWG and FCR of broiler chickens. The overall estimated effect size values for BWG and FCR were 0.64 and -0.53, respectively, which were equivalent to the raw mean difference of 77.24 g and -0.07, respectively.
Figure 2. Forest plot showing the effect of dietary seaweed inclusion on growth performance of broiler chicken.
FI: feed intake, BWG: body weight gain, FCR: feed conversion ratio, CI: confidence interval.
Discussion
In this study, the use of dietary seaweed had a beneficial impact on BWG and FCR of broiler chickens. According to Cohen34, the overall estimated effect size of BWG and FCR in the present study was categorized into the medium (0.5) to large (0.8) standardized effect size. In agreement with this finding, other studies also showed that the use of seaweed could improve production performance in laying hens35–37 and geese38. Seaweed contained numerous unique bioactive substances such as alginate, ulvan, laminarin, fucoidan, and fucoxanthin. Those compounds could inhibit the colonization of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella Enteritidis), promote the growth of beneficial gut microbes (lactic acid bacteria), improve small intestinal architecture, antioxidant status, and immune response39–43. Together, those mechanisms could ultimately improve the growth performance of broiler chickens.
Nevertheless, this finding is accompanied by the limited number of included studies. It is possible that not all relevant studies were captured by the searching strategies. For those reasons, the current results should be elucidated with caution. Moreover, due to the enormous diversity of seaweed in nature (around twenty thousand species)44, future studies regarding seaweed intervention in broiler chickens are still open and strongly encouraged to provide a robust body of knowledge.
Conclusions
The current systematic review and meta-analysis highlight that dietary seaweed had no adverse effect on FI. Instead, they could improve BWG and FCR of broiler chickens. However, more research on this issue is still required to build more comprehensive evidence.
Data availability
Underlying data
All data underlying the results are available as part of the article and no additional source data are required.
Extended data
Figshare: Extended data for ‘The effects of dietary seaweed inclusion on growth performance of broiler chickens: a systematic review and meta-analysis’. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12721454.v133.
This project contains the following extended data in DOC format:
- Extended data 1 – extracted data of feed intake
- Extended data 2 – extracted data of body weight gain
- Extended data 3 – extracted data of feed conversion ratio
- Extended data 4 – list of included studies
Reporting guidelines
Figshare: PRISMA checklist for 'The effect of dietary seaweed inclusion on growth performance of broiler chickens: a systematic review and meta-analysis'. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12721118.v120.
1.
Holdt SL, Kraan S:
Bioactive compounds in seaweed: functional food applications and legislation.
J Appl Phycol.
2011; 23(3): 543–597. Publisher Full Text
2.
Cardoso SM, Pereira OR, Seca AM, et al.:
Seaweeds as preventive agents for cardiovascular diseases: From nutrients to functional foods.
Mar Drugs.
2015; 13(11): 6838–6865. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
| Free Full Text
3.
Rengasamy KR, Mahomoodally MF, Aumeeruddy MZ, et al.:
Bioactive compounds in seaweeds: An overview of their biological properties and safety.
Food Chem Toxicol.
2020; 135: 111013. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
4.
Shannon E, Abu-Ghannam N:
Antibacterial derivatives of marine algae: An overview of pharmacological mechanisms and applications.
Mar Drugs.
2016; 14(4): 81. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
| Free Full Text
5.
Poveda-Castillo GD, Rodrigo D, Martínez A, et al.:
Bioactivity of fucoidan as an antimicrobial agent in a new functional beverage.
Beverages.
2018; 4(3): 64. Publisher Full Text
7.
Gomez-Zavaglia A, Prieto Lage MA, Jimenez-Lopez C, et al.:
The potential of seaweeds as a source of functional ingredients of prebiotic and antioxidant value.
Antioxidants (Basel).
2019; 8(9): 406. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
| Free Full Text
8.
Evans FD, Critchley AT:
Seaweeds for animal production use.
J Appl Phycol.
2014; 26(2): 891–899. Publisher Full Text
9.
Rajauria G:
Seaweeds: a sustainable feed source for livestock and aquaculture. In: Brijesh KT, Declan JT, eds. Seaweed Sustainability. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press. 2015; 389–420. Publisher Full Text
10.
Angell AR, Angell SF, de Nys R, et al.:
Seaweed as a protein source for mono-gastric livestock.
Trends Food Sci Technol.
2016; 54: 74–84. Publisher Full Text
11.
Makkar HP, Tran G, Heuzé V, et al.:
Seaweeds for livestock diets: A review.
Anim Feed Sci Technol.
2016; 212: 1–17. Publisher Full Text
12.
Haberecht S, Wilkinson S, Roberts J, et al.:
Unlocking the potential health and growth benefits of macroscopic algae for poultry.
Worlds Poult Sci J.
2018; 74(1): 5–20. Publisher Full Text
13.
Øverland M, Mydland LT, Skrede A:
Marine macroalgae as sources of protein and bioactive compounds in feed for monogastric animals.
J Sci Food Agric.
2019; 99(1): 13–24. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
| Free Full Text
14.
Belluco S, Barco L, Roccato A, et al.:
Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae counts on poultry carcasses along the slaughterline: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Food Control.
2016; 60: 269–280. Publisher Full Text
15.
Vieira BS, Silva FG, Oliveira CF, et al.:
Does citric acid improve performance and bone mineralization of broilers when combined with phytase? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Anim Feed Sci Technol.
2017; 232: 21–30. Publisher Full Text
16.
Ozdemir M, Kopuzlu S, Topal M, et al.:
Relationships between milk protein polymorphisms and production traits in cattle: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Arch Anim Breed.
2018; 61(2): 197–206. Publisher Full Text
17.
Toledo TD, Pich CS, Roll AA, et al.:
The effect of litter materials on broiler performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Br Poult Sci.
2019; 60(6): 605–616. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
18.
McCarthy KM, McAloon CG, Lynch MB, et al.:
Herb species inclusion in grazing swards for dairy cows—A systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Dairy Sci.
2020; 103(2): 1416–1430. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
19.
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al.:
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.
PLoS Med.
2009; 6(7): e1000097. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
| Free Full Text
20.
Andri F, Dono ND, Sasongko H, et al.:
PRISMA checklist for 'The effect of dietary seaweed inclusion on growth performance of broiler chickens: a systematic review and meta-analysis'. 2020. http://www.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12721118.v1
21.
Greig JD, Waddell L, Wilhelm B, et al.:
The efficacy of interventions applied during primary processing on contamination of beef carcasses with Escherichia coli: A systematic review-meta-analysis of the published research.
Food Control.
2012; 27(2): 385–397. Publisher Full Text
22.
Higgins JPT, Li T, Deeks JJ:
Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 2nd Edition. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. 2019; 143–176. Publisher Full Text
23.
Suurmond R, van Rhee H, Hak T:
Introduction, comparison, and validation of Meta-Essentials: A free and simple tool for meta-analysis.
Res Synth Methods.
2017; 8(4): 537–553. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
| Free Full Text
24.
Hedges LV, Olkin I:
Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis. San Diego, CA USA: Academic Press. 1985. Reference Source
25.
Higgins JPT, Thompson SG:
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis.
Stat Med.
2002; 21(11): 1539–1558. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
26.
Sterne JA, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis JP, et al.:
Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.
BMJ.
2011; 343: d4002. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
27.
Mohammadigheisar M, Shouldice VL, Sands JS, et al.:
Growth performance, breast yield, gastrointestinal ecology and plasma biochemical profile in broiler chickens fed multiple doses of a blend of red, brown and green seaweeds.
Br Poult Sci.
2020; 1–9. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
28.
Bai J, Wang R, Yan L, et al.:
Co-supplementation of dietary seaweed powder and antibacterial peptides improves broiler growth performance and immune function.
Braz J Poult Sci.
2019; 21(2): eRBCA-2018–0826. Publisher Full Text
29.
Shi H, Kim SH, Kim IH:
Effect of dietary inclusion of fermented sea mustard by-product on growth performance, blood profiles, and meat quality in broilers.
J Sci Food Agric.
2019; 99(9): 4304–4308. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
30.
Ahmed ST, Mun HS, Islam MM, et al.:
Effects of fermented corni fructus and fermented kelp on growth performance, meat quality, and emission of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide from broiler chicken droppings.
Br Poult Sci.
2014; 55(6): 745–751. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
31.
Choi YJ, Lee SR, Oh JW:
Effects of dietary fermented seaweed and seaweed fusiforme on growth performance, carcass parameters and immunoglobulin concentration in broiler chicks.
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci.
2014; 27(6): 862–870. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
| Free Full Text
32.
Abudabos AM, Okab AB, Aljumaah RS, et al.:
Nutritional value of green seaweed (Ulva lactuca) for broiler chickens.
Ital J Anim Sci.
2013; 12(2): e28. Publisher Full Text
33.
Andri F, Dono ND, Sasongko H, et al.:
Extended data for ‘The effects of dietary seaweed inclusion on growth performance of broiler chickens: a systematic review and meta-analysis’. 2020. https://www.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12721454.v1
34.
Cohen J:
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1988. Reference Source
35.
Kulshreshtha G, Rathgeber B, Stratton G, et al.:
Feed supplementation with red seaweeds, Chondrus crispus and Sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii, affects performance, egg quality, and gut microbiota of layer hens.
Poult Sci.
2014; 93(12): 2991–3001. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
36.
Choi Y, Lee EC, Na Y, et al.:
Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented and non-fermented brown algae by-products on laying performance, egg quality, and blood profile in laying hens.
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci.
2018; 31(10): 1654–1659. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
| Free Full Text
37.
Mandal AB, Biswas A, Mir NA, et al.:
Effects of dietary supplementation of Kappaphycus alvarezii on productive performance and egg quality traits of laying hens.
J Appl Phycol.
2019; 31(3): 2065–2072. Publisher Full Text
38.
Ma WQ, Cheng HZ, Zhao DH, et al.:
Effects of dietary Enteromorpha powder supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, and antioxidant performance during the late laying period in Zi geese.
Poult Sci.
2020; 99(2): 1062–1068. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
39.
Yan GL, Guo YM, Yuan JM, et al.:
Sodium alginate oligosaccharides from brown algae inhibit Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in broiler chickens.
Poult Sci.
2011; 90(7): 1441–1448. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
40.
Zhu W, Li D, Wang J, et al.:
Effects of polymannuronate on performance, antioxidant capacity, immune status, cecal microflora, and volatile fatty acids in broiler chickens.
Poult Sci.
2015; 94(3): 345–352. PubMed Abstract
| Publisher Full Text
41.
Sweeney T, Meredith H, Vigors S, et al.:
Extracts of laminarin and laminarin/fucoidan from the marine macroalgal species Laminaria digitata improved growth rate and intestinal structure in young chicks, but does not influence Campylobacter jejuni colonisation.
Anim Feed Sci Technol.
2017; 232: 71–79. Publisher Full Text
42.
Gumus RE, Gelen SU, Koseoglu S, et al.:
The effects of fucoxanthin dietary inclusion on the growth performance, antioxidant metabolism and meat quality of broilers.
Braz J Poult Sci.
2018; 20(3): 487–496. Publisher Full Text
43.
Li Q, Luo J, Wang C, et al.:
Ulvan extracted from green seaweeds as new natural additives in diets for laying hens.
J Appl Phycol.
2018; 30(3): 2017–2027. Publisher Full Text
44.
Tanna B, Choudhary B, Mishra A:
Metabolite profiling, antioxidant, scavenging and anti-proliferative activities of selected tropical green seaweeds reveal the nutraceutical potential of Caulerpa spp.
Algal Res.
2018; 36: 96–105. Publisher Full Text
1
Doctoral Program of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 2
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 3
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
This work was supported by the Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education, Ministry of Finance, Republic of Indonesia.
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Andri F, Dono ND, Sasongko H and Zuprizal Z. The effects of dietary seaweed inclusion on growth performance of broiler chickens: a systematic review and meta-analysis [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2020, 9:1087 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25726.1)
NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
track
receive updates on this article
Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article.
Share
Open Peer Review
Current Reviewer Status:
?
Key to Reviewer Statuses
VIEWHIDE
ApprovedThe paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested
Approved with reservations
A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit.
Not approvedFundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions
Akit H. Reviewer Report For: The effects of dietary seaweed inclusion on growth performance of broiler chickens: a systematic review and meta-analysis [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2020, 9:1087 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.28391.r92551)
Some of the keywords such as alginate, fucoidan, fucoxanthin and laminarin were not mentioned in the abstract and introduction. You may consider excluding these keywords.
The rationale for the systematic review was to provide a more accurate
... Continue reading
Some of the keywords such as alginate, fucoidan, fucoxanthin and laminarin were not mentioned in the abstract and introduction. You may consider excluding these keywords.
The rationale for the systematic review was to provide a more accurate insight than the narrative review. The authors may add on how this insight could benefit researchers or related feed industries for seaweed application.
In discussion, the authors explained the possible mechanisms that led to improved broiler performance. I suggest that the authors include the year of broiler studies used. In addition, I think more points should be included emphasising how the results could benefit other researchers, for example, suggestions on the inclusion rate of seaweed, etc. Since this is a review paper, I feel that the discussion should be more extensive.
Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated?
Yes
Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others?
Yes
Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate?
I cannot comment. A qualified statistician is required.
Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review?
Yes
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed.
Reviewer Expertise: I am an expert in broiler nutrition currently doing research in alternative protein ingredients in broilers. However, i am not an expert in the statistic part.
I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above.
Akit H. Reviewer Report For: The effects of dietary seaweed inclusion on growth performance of broiler chickens: a systematic review and meta-analysis [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2020, 9:1087 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.28391.r92551)
The keywords listed are not mentioned much in the text which might make searching for the article a little difficult.
Clearly state if seaweed was used as a substitute for another ingredient or not.
... Continue reading
The keywords listed are not mentioned much in the text which might make searching for the article a little difficult.
Clearly state if seaweed was used as a substitute for another ingredient or not.
Conclusions may not fully be drawn from the results since information on the type of basic diets is not provided e.g were they typical corn-soybean broiler diets or what?
The effect of seaweed on broilers may also depend on other feed ingredients used (alfalfa meal, corn gluten meal etc). Authors can clarify this to the reader to inform further research.
Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated?
Yes
Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others?
Yes
Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate?
Yes
Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review?
Partly
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed.
Reviewer Expertise: Poultry nutritionist with interest in use of non-conventional feed ingredients in chicken diets
I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard.
Samadi S. Reviewer Report For: The effects of dietary seaweed inclusion on growth performance of broiler chickens: a systematic review and meta-analysis [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2020, 9:1087 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.28391.r70757)
This manuscript aims to assess the effects of dietary seaweed inclusion on the growth performance of broiler chickens by using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. The type of work is suitable for publication in the journal. However, the manuscript
... Continue reading
This manuscript aims to assess the effects of dietary seaweed inclusion on the growth performance of broiler chickens by using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. The type of work is suitable for publication in the journal. However, the manuscript needs some correction before it can be fully accepted. The comments are as follows.
Introduction was too short and needs more explanation from the previous study (state of arts) relating to seaweed on broiler production.
From PRISMA flow diagram, there were a lot of studies excluded for data analysis, out of 47 studies only 6 studies were continued for quantitative analysis. Is the data sufficient to make conclusions for this meta-analysis study?
There was a wide range of seaweed inclusion in broiler performance from the data (2-30 g/kg). Any explanation?
Discussion of this study was too short, it is better to extend more explanation regarding to the findings based on this study.
Based on the literature, are there any different bioactive compound from various seaweed in nature (around twenty thousand species) #44
Conclusion of this study was too general, are there any recommendations for seaweed inclusion in the broiler diet based on the meta-analysis data, since the seaweed concentration from the literature of this study was too wide-ranging from 2-30 g/kg diet.
I suggest it is better also to add one more table informing about FI, BWG, and FCR from 6 studies to get information for the readers about the broiler performance data.
Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated?
Partly
Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others?
Partly
Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate?
Yes
Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review?
Partly
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed.
Reviewer Expertise: Animal Nutrition
I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above.
Samadi S. Reviewer Report For: The effects of dietary seaweed inclusion on growth performance of broiler chickens: a systematic review and meta-analysis [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2020, 9:1087 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.28391.r70757)
Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article:
Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested
Approved with reservations -
A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit.
Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions
Adjust parameters to alter display
View on desktop for interactive features
Includes Interactive Elements
View on desktop for interactive features
Competing Interests Policy
Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list:
Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests'
Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper.
You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors.
You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student).
You work at the same institute as any of the authors.
You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission.
You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published.
Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests'
You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements.
You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors.
You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on.
Stay Updated
Sign up for content alerts and receive a weekly or monthly email with all newly published articles
Comments on this article Comments (0)