<p>Restraint and seclusion in special education: An analysis on policy in Texas from 2001 to 2025</p>

Liliana Quiroga

doi:10.7490/f1000research.1120453.1

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Quiroga L. Restraint and seclusion in special education: An analysis on policy in Texas from 2001 to 2025 [version 1; not peer reviewed]. F1000Research 2026, 15:239 (poster) (https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1120453.1)

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Restraint and seclusion in special education: An analysis on policy in Texas from 2001 to 2025

Liliana Quiroga¹

Published 11 Feb 2026 (https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1120453.1)

Author Affiliations

¹ Sociology, Barnard College, New York, New York, USA

Copyright © 2026 Quiroga L. This is an open access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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CITE

Published 11 Feb 2026

Restraint and seclusion in special education: An analysis on policy in Texas from 2001 to 2025
[version 1; not peer reviewed]

Liliana Quiroga¹

Author Affiliations

¹ Sociology, Barnard College, New York, New York, USA

Presented at

Laidlaw Conference 2025

Abstract

Competing Interests

No competing interests were disclosed

Keywords

Restraint, Seclusion, Special Education, Education, Disability, Policy, Legislation, Journalism, Underreporting, Texas, Advocacy

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