ALL Metrics
-
Views
-
Downloads
Get PDF
Get XML
Cite
Export
Track
Research Article
Revised

The acceptability and side effects of COVID-19 vaccine among health care workers in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

[version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]
PUBLISHED 22 Jun 2022
Author details Author details
OPEN PEER REVIEW
REVIEWER STATUS

This article is included in the Emerging Diseases and Outbreaks gateway.

This article is included in the Coronavirus (COVID-19) collection.

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is global public health crisis. Mass vaccination, until herd immunity is achieved, is one of the most effective ways of combating the deadly infectious virus. The disposition of health workers towards the AstraZeneca vaccine will most likely determine if other members of the community will be willing to get vaccinated or not. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the attitudes of healthcare workers to the COVID-19 vaccine, as well as determine the various side effects experienced by those who have already been vaccinated.

Method: Frequency tables were created, and Chi-square was used to determine the relationship between respondents' socio-demographic characteristics, as well as their acceptance or rejection of the COVID-19 vaccine and attitude towards it. Using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0, multinominal logistic regression was used to determine the key factors which influenced respondents’ decision to have the vaccine.

Result: There was a statistically significant relationship between the cadre of health care workers, their tribe, and their involvement in the care of COVID-19 patients and their attitude towards the vaccine.

Conclusion: Previous involvement in the care of COVID-19 patients is one of the most important determinants of health care workers' acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. Most respondents were positive about the vaccine; however, the fear of side effects was the primary reason why those who were yet to be vaccinated, do not plan to do so. The most common side effect reported by those who had already been vaccinated, was pain at the injection site. Public awareness of the vaccine and its benefits should be increased, and the vaccine should be made available in all health care facilities.

Keywords

COVID-19, vaccine, acceptance rate, health care workers

Revised Amendments from Version 1

Second line under methods in abstract, “or rejection” was deleted
The second sentence under methods was restructured to portray the actual meaning intended
The third paragraph under introduction have been restructured
Methods have been changed to methodology
Study design and data collection has been added as a subtitle under methodology
Ethical consideration has been removed from under data collection and moved towards the end of methodology, just before the result.
Limitation of the study has been included in the manuscript.
Major side effect has discovered from the study has been included to the conclusion.

To read any peer review reports and author responses for this article, follow the "read" links in the Open Peer Review table.

Introduction

Following its emergence in Wuhan, China, in November 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic in March 2020.1 Globally, there were 126,359,540 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 2,769,473 deaths as of 28th March 2021. On the 30th January 2020, COVID-19 was declared as Public Health of International concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO). The disease has ravaged more than 200 countries worldwide, which necessitated its declaration as a global pandemic in March 2020.

COVID-19 was first detected in Nigeria on 24th March 2020. Since then, the pandemic has spread rapidly throughout the country, with over 146,000 cases and 2402 deaths as of 16th March 2021. The Nigerian healthcare system was unprepared for the pandemic; facing issues such as a lack of training and retraining of health workers on disease preparedness, lack of personal protective equipment, lack of testing centres in many cities, and unwillingness to be tested.2

Different national governments have imposed a number of measures and protocols to help halt the spread of COVID-19, including the mandatory wearing of face masks, lockdowns, social distancing, and frequent hand washing with soap and water, among other measures. Following the introduction of the non-pharmaceutical interventions, vaccines have been developed to curb the spread of COVID-19 infection.2 Herd immunity is defined as the indirect protection from an infectious disease that happens when a large proportion of a population is immune to an infection either through vaccination or immunity developed through previous infection.

Vaccination is an effective method of combating infectious diseases by training the immune system to recognize and combat pathogens, either viruses or bacteria.3 Pharmaceutical companies and researchers around the world have collaborated to develop safe and effective vaccines. Pfizer, Sinovac, Janssen, Oxford/AstraZeneca, Moderna, Sputnik V, and Sinopharm are among the companies that have produced COVID-19 vaccines to combat the virus’s spread.4 The AstraZeneca vaccine was the only vaccine available for use in Nigeria as at the time of this study and it is the vaccine still currently being given. AstraZeneca was rolled out in Nigeria on the 18th of February 2021, however at the time of study, vaccinations had not commenced in some states. The vaccine is available free of charge to all, at government health facilities throughout Nigeria. The availability of a vaccine does of course not guarantee its uptake, and the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination is entirely voluntary in Nigeria. In a study done among healthcare providers in Nigeria on COVID-19 vaccine acceptability, 53.5% of respondents were willing to get vaccinated against the disease and the reason why 69.4% of respondents will not receive the COVID-19 vaccine was because of fear of side effects.5 To curb COVID-19, experts estimate that herd immunity would require around 80-90% of the population to have COVID-19 immunity. Hence there is a need to get the populace immunized.6

Health care workers are an important group to consider, as they are in a pivotal position to determine if other members of the populace will be willing to get vaccinated or not.7 Health care workers are a reliable source of vaccination information to the general public and thus their acceptance or rejection of the COVID-19 vaccine may be critical to its uptake among the general population.7 Identifying the reasons why healthcare workers may be hesitant to take the COVID-19 vaccine could be used to inform policy makers, in modifying such factors to ensure better attitudes towards vaccination, and thus increased herd immunity.8 The purpose of this study is to determine the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers, as well as the various side effects experienced by those who have already been vaccinated. Knowledge of the side effect will help pharmaceutical companies modify the production of the vaccines in order to limit the side effects.

Methodology

Study design and data collection

Respondents took part in a cross-sectional study by filling out an online survey through Google forms; all participants were health workers from Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones. Health care workers in different health institutions across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria who were colleagues and former colleagues of the authors were randomly selected and contacted through their already known phone numbers. They helped to circulate the link on their various hospital health workers’ WhatsApp groups. Respondents’ WhatsApp details were obtained from their colleagues. Some participants also shared the link via e-mails to colleagues who were not active on WhatsApp. The respondents did not undergo any form of screening before they were recruited. The introductory part of the Google form contained a statement on the aim and details of the study and it also contained a request for the patient’s consent to be part of the study. The Google form was designed to learn about the participants’ attitudes towards the vaccine, side effects experienced by those already vaccinated, and willingness to get vaccinated (Extended data (Ilori et al., 2021)). The survey was available to participants from the 23rd March 2021 to the 3rd May 2021. Only responses that were completed were counted and recorded. Surveys completed by respondents with the same email address were disqualified because they were deemed to be overlapping responses.

Sample size and analysis

A total of 309 responses were collected and analysed using SPSS version 22.9 Questions 1-6 were on sociodemographic characteristics of respondents, questions 7-19 handled the willingness to get vaccinated and questions 20-27 answered the attitudinal questions. After data collection, numbers were assigned to answers for the purpose of computing. Respondents’ attitudes were graded by assigning scores to the likert scale responses. All the likert scale questions were negative except the penultimate and the last questions which were neutral and positive respectively. For the negative statements, strongly agreed, agree, indifferent, disagree and strongly disagree corresponds to scores of 1,2,3,4,5 respectively. For the positive statement, strongly agreed, agree, indifferent, disagree and strongly disagree corresponds to 5,4,3,2,1 respectively. The mean was calculated by adding the sum of all the scores for all respondents. Respondents who scored higher than the calculated mean were considered to have a positive attitude towards the AstraZeneca vaccine, while those who scored lower than the calculated mean were considered to have a negative attitude toward the vaccine. The questions on the respondents’ willingness to accept the vaccine and the readiness to recommend same for others were scored 1 for a ‘yes’ answer and 0 for a ‘no’ answer. Vaccine acceptability was determined by adding the scores for willingness to be vaccinated and readiness to recommend the vaccine to patients. The mean was calculated after adding up all the scores. Respondents with scores lower than the mean were considered to have poor acceptability, while those with scores higher than the mean were considered to have good acceptability. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22, after sorting. Frequency tables were created, and the Chi square test was used to determine the relationship between respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, as well as their attitude and acceptability of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. The factors influencing COVID-19 acceptability were identified using multinominal logistic regression. Tribe of respondents, cadre as well as past involvement in management of COVID-19, were tested for their association with vaccine acceptability at the multivariate level.

Ethical consideration

The research team obtained approval from the Ethical Review Committee of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso.

Limitation of the study

Being an online study, it may not have covered other prospective respondents who do not have internet facilities.

Results

Table 1 shows that 195 respondents were female, while 114 (36.9 %) were male. The majority (82.2%) were Yorubas, and 237 (76.7%) were Christians. The majority of the respondents came from the geopolitical zone of the South West. 121 respondents (39.2%) were Doctors, 89 (28.8%) were Community Health Extension Workers (CHEWs) and 57 (18.4%) were Nurses. Physiotherapists, Pharmacists, and Porters were among the 17% (5.4 percent).

Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of respondents.

VariablesFrequencyPercentage (%)
Age
<20 years
21-40
41-60
>60

0
146
158
5

0
47.2
51.1
1.6
Sex
Female
Male

195
114

63.1
36.9
Tribe
Hausa
Igbo
Others
Yoruba

6
25
24
254

1.9
8.1
7.8
82.2
Religion
Christianity
Islam
Traditionalist

237
72
0

76.7
23.3
0.0
Geopolitical zone of residence
South West
South East
South
North Central
North East
North West

248
13
11
27
1
9

80.3
4.2
3.6
8.7
0.3
2.9
Cadre
Doctor
Nurse
Medical Laboratory Scientist
Pharmacist
Physiotherapist
CHEW
Ward Orderly/Porter

121
57
25
2
8
89
7

39.2
18.4
8.1
0.6
2.6
28.8
2.3

Table 2: At the time of this research, 238 respondents (80.3%) were willing to be vaccinated, and 117 (37.9%) were already vaccinated; the majority of whom were only one week away from the day of vaccination. The reason given by 127 (66.2%) of those who had not been vaccinated was that the vaccine was not yet available in their facility. Even if the vaccine was made available, 41 (60.3%) of respondents would not get vaccinated because they are not just at peace with the vaccine.

Table 2. Willingness to get vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine.

VariablesFrequencyPercentage (%)
Willing to get vaccinated?
Yes
No
Undecided

248
34
36

80.3
11.0
11.7
Have you been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine?
Yes
No

117
192

37.9
62.1
If yes, when were you vaccinated?
Last one month
Less than one week ago
More than a month

31
83
3

26.5
70.9
2.6
If you are not yet vaccinated, why?
I don’t want to take the vaccine
Vaccine not yet available in my facility
Vaccine not yet available in my state

45
127
20

23.4
66.2
10.4
If the vaccine is available, will you get vaccinated?
No, I will not get the vaccine
No, I will wait for three months to review safety profile
No, I will wait for six months to review safety profile
No, I will wait for one year to review safety profile
Undecided
Yes, as soon as I can get it
Yes, only if it is required by employer

8
14
7
13
23
124
3

4.1
7.3
3.6
6.7
11.9
64.6
1.5
If you will not get vaccinated, why?
COVID-19 infection has reduced worldwide
I am not just at peace with the vaccine
I heard the vaccine is more dangerous than the virus
No need for the vaccine, I am immune
Vaccine is not safe
The vaccine can change my gene
COVID-19 is not real
The vaccine can kill faster than the infection
Vaccine itself can cause COVID-19

5
41
7
7
8
0
0
0
0

7.3
60.3
10.2
10.2
11.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Table 3 shows that 250 (80.9%), 250 (80.9%), and 111 (35.9%) of respondents can recommend COVID-19 vaccine to their patients, have attended COVID-19 seminars, and have been involved in the care of COVID-19 patients.

Table 3. Recommendation of COVID-19 vaccine by respondents.

VariablesFrequencyPercentage (%)
Would you recommend the vaccine to your patients/family/friends?
Yes
No
Undecided

250
19
40

80.9
6.1
12.9
Have you ever attended a seminar on COVID-19?
Yes
No

250
59

80.9
19.1
Have you been involved in the care of a COVID-19 patient before?
Yes
No

111
198

35.9
64.1

Table 4 shows that 85 respondents (72.6%) experienced side effects after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, while 32 (27.4%) did not. 73 participants (85.9%) reported pain at the injection site, while 36 (42.3%) and 34 (40.0%) reported fever and headache, respectively.

Table 4. Side effects from the vaccine.

VariablesFrequencyPercentage (%)
Have you experienced any side effects from the vaccine?
Yes
No

85
32

72.6
27.4
Side effects
Pain at injection site
Dizziness
Headache
Fever
Chills
Diarrhoea
Muscle pain
Nausea

73
13
34
36
23
6
43
8

85.9
15.3
40.0
42.3
27.1
7.1
50.6
9.4

Table 5 shows that 168 (54.4%) of respondents had a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination, while 141 (45.6%) had a negative attitude.

Table 5. Attitude of respondents towards Covid-19 vaccine.

VariablesFrequencyPercentage
Attitude
Poor
Good

141
168

45.6
54.4

Table 6 shows that 237 (76.7%) of respondents thought the COVID-19 vaccine was acceptable, while 72 (23.3%) had a poor acceptability of the vaccine.

Table 6. Acceptability of Covid-19 Vaccine.

VariablesFrequencyPercentage
Acceptability
Good
Poor

237
72

76.7
23.3

Table 7 shows a statistically significant relationship between respondent’s tribe and cadre, and their attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination. More males and respondents of Christian religion had good attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination

Table 7. Association between socio-demographic characteristics and attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine.

VariablesAttitudeTotalStatistics
PoorGood
Sex
Male
Female

33 (28.9)
39 (20.0)

81 (71.1)
156 (80.0)

114 (100.0)
195 (100.0)

CHI = 3.223
df = 1
P value = 0.073
Tribe
Yoruba
Igbo
Hausa
Others

48 (18.9)
12 (48.0)
1 (16.7)
0 (0.0)

206 (81.1)
13 (52.0)
5 (83.3)
0 (0)

254 (100.0)
25 (100.0)
6 (100.0)
0 (0)

CHI = 18.225
df = 3
*P value = 0.001
Religion
Christianity
Islam
Traditionalist

60 (25.3)
12 (16.7)
0 (0)

177 (74.7)
60 (83.3)
0 (0)

237 (100.0)
72 (100.0)
0 (0)

CHI = 2.312
df = 1
P value = 0.128
Cadre
Doctor
Nurse
Medical Lab
Pharmacist
Physiotherapy
CHEW
Ward Orderly/Porter

39 (32.2)
14 (24.6)
9 (36.0)
2 (100.0)
5 (62.5)
2 (2.2)
1 (14.3)

82 (67.8)
43 (75.4)
16 (64.0)
0 (0.0)
3 (37.5)
87 (97.8)
6 (85.7)

121 (100.0)
57 (100.0)
25 (100.0)
2 (100.0)
8 (100.0)
89 (100.0)
7 (100.0)

CHI = 43.560
df = 6
P value = 0.000

Table 8: When compared to their acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination, there is a statistically significant association between tribe and cadre of respondents; more laboratory scientists had poor acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccination, while a high proportion of CHEWs had good acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccination.

Table 8. Association between sociodemographic characteristics and acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine.

VariablesAcceptabilityTotalStatistics
PoorGood
Sex
Male
Female

33 (28.9)
39 (20.0)

81 (71.1)
156 (80.0)

114 (100.0)
195 (100.0)

CHI = 3.223
df = 1
P value = 0.073
Tribe
Yoruba
Igbo
Hausa
Others

105 (41.3)
19 (76.0)
2 (33.3)
0 (0.0)

149 (58.7)
6 (24.0)
4 (66.7)
0 (0)

254 (100.0)
25 (100.0)
6 (100.0)
0 (0.0)

CHI = 14.229
df = 3
*P value = 0.003
Religion
Christianity
Islam
Traditionalist

114 (48.1)
27 (37.5)
0 (0.0)

123 (51.9)
45 (62.5)
0 (0.0)

237 (100.0)
72 (100.0
0 (0.0)

CHI = 2.502
df = 1
P value = 0.114
Cadre
Doctor
Nurse
Medical Lab
Pharmacist
Physiotherapy
CHEW
Ward Orderly/Porter

38 (32.2)
14 (24.6)
9 (36.0)
2 (100.0)
5 (62.5)
2 (2.2)
2 (28.6)

82 (67.8)
43 (75.4)
16 (64.0)
0 (0.0)
3 (37.5)
87 (97.8)
5 (71.4)

121 (100.0)
57 (100.0)
25 (100.0)
2 (100.0)
8 (100.0)
89 (100.0)
7 (100.0)

CHI = 22.680
df = 6
*P value = 0.001

Table 9 lists the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among health workers, which include Tribe, Cadre, and involvement in the care of a COVID-19 patient. The Igbo and other tribes are 3.962 and 3.631 times more likely, respectively, to accept the COVID-19 vaccine, than the Yoruba tribe. When compared to Doctors, CHEWS are 0.048 times less likely to accept COVID-19 vaccination. Participants who have been involved in the care of a COVID-19 patient are 1.824 times more likely than those who have not to accept the vaccine.

Table 9. Predictors of COVID-19 acceptability among respondents.

Explanatory factorsOdd ratio95% Confident intervalp-value
Tribe
Yoruba (reference category)
 Igbo
 Hausa
 Others


3.962
0.858
3.631


1.701-9.224
0.098-7.517
1.533-8.601


0.001*
0.890
0.003*
Cadre
Doctor (reference category)
 Nurse
 Medical Lab
 Physiotherapist
 CHEW
 Ward Orderly/Porter


0.685
1.183
3.504
0.048
0.350


0.335-1.397
0.480-2.913
0.797-15.413
0.011-0.207
0.041-3.012


0.298
0.715
0.097
0.0001*
0.339
Have you been involved in the care of a COVID patient?
No (reference category)
Yes


1.824


1.067-3.118


0.028*

Discussion

This study aims to determine the willingness and acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination among Nigerian health care workers, as well as the potential side effects among those who have already been vaccinated. A higher proportion of health workers were willing to get vaccinated with AstraZeneca vaccine available in Nigeria than a similar study done among health workers in France and the French-speaking part of Belgium, which had a 46.8% acceptance rate of the same AstraZeneca vaccine.7 Our findings could be attributed to increased vaccine awareness. Despite the widespread misconception about vaccination, health care worker’s acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine will go a long way toward informing patients about the importance of getting vaccinated.

Our findings are quite different from another study conducted in Ghana, where there was a self-reported, low intention of health workers to accept the AstraZeneca vaccine.4 The reason for this similarity may because of several myths about the vaccine as well as the rapidity in the development of the vaccine. Some of the myths and misconception about the vaccine are that there was inadequate clinical trials to support its usage, mutation of gene etc.10 Many respondents may have been sceptical about the Nigerian government’s ability to intervene by providing a liable vaccine within a year of the commencement of the pandemic in such a short period of time. Continuous public sensitization about the benefits of getting vaccinated against this infectious disease will go a long way toward convincing health workers and the general population in this category to reconsider accepting the vaccine. In study conducted in Saudi Arabia between 8th December to 14th December 2020, out of 673 health workers sampled, half were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and 49.71% planned to do so as soon as it became available.11 Their findings are comparable to those in this study, in which more than three-quarters of respondents said they would get vaccinated as soon as they could. This is very encouraging because a high vaccination rate is essential to achieving herd immunity within the global population and working towards managing the spread of the virus.

The AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine’s side effects have been widely documented within research. In a study conducted in the United Kingdom, among Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine recipients, two-thirds of those polled reported one or more side effects, with fatigue and headache being the most common.12 This is in contrast to the findings of the current study, which found that pain at the injection site was the most common side effect experienced. The likely reason for this is due to the different types of vaccines used in both study areas. There is an urgent need for the manufacturers to ensure that the side effects of these vaccines, regardless of type, are kept to a minimum to encourage greater acceptance.

In a similar study conducted among health care workers in New York, USA, gender, age, and place of residence were statistically significant with the willingness to get vaccinated with BioNTech Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.10 However, in this study, the statistically significant factors were cadre of health care workers and their tribe. The probable reason why tribe is statistically significant may be because tribal values are held in high esteem in African communities. Thus, people of the same tribe tend to share similar views about general health issues including vaccination. Furthermore, when compared to CHEWs, doctors were more willing to accept the vaccination. The reason for this among the various cadres of health workers may be that doctors are more likely have had the opportunity to treat as well as witness complications associated with COVID-related illnesses, than the other cadres of health care workers. This could explain why those who had previously been involved in the care and management of COVID-19 patients were significantly more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccination than those who have never treated COVID-19 patients.

In terms of the limitations of the study, considering the fact that the study was conducted online, only respondents who got the link through WhatsApp or e-mail alone were able to respond to the questions. Thus, it is not every health worker that is active on WhatsApp and there is no common data base where email of all health workers could be assessed.

Conclusion

In this study, the rate of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among health workers was quite high, especially among doctors when compared with other cadres. The acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination was statistically significant by tribe and cadre of respondents, and health workers who had been involved in COVID-19 management were more likely to accept the vaccine. The main reason respondents would not get vaccinated was the fear of side effects which was closely linked to various myths accrued to AstraZeneca vaccines available in Nigeria, such as getting infected with the virus through the vaccine, alteration of recipient’s gene etc. Pain at injection site was the most common side effect experienced by health workers who had been vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine. To encourage vaccine acceptability by the general population, side effects from COVID-19 vaccine, regardless of the brand, should be kept to a minimum.

Data availability

Underlying data

Figshare: Ilori et al., 2021 The acceptability and side effects of COVID-19 vaccine among health care workers in Nigeria: a cross sectional study. https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/The_Acceptability_and_side_effects_of_COVID_19_vaccine_among_health_care_workers_in_Nigeria_a_cross_sectional_study/15078498/1 (Ilori et al., 2021).12

This project contains the following underlying data:

  • - Data file 1. (Complete survey responses, CSV format).

Extended data

Figshare: Ilori et al., 2021 Copy of online survey. https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Copy_of_online_survey_used_in_Health_Care_Worker_survey_2021/15078588/1 (Ilori et al., 2021).13

This project contains the following underlying data:

  • - Copy of online survey used in Health Care Worker survey 2021.

Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

Comments on this article Comments (1)

Version 2
VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 22 Jun 2022
Revised
Version 1
VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 01 Sep 2021
Discussion is closed on this version, please comment on the latest version above.
  • Reader Comment 06 Sep 2021
    Mohammad Ali, Uttara Adhunik Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
    06 Sep 2021
    Reader Comment
    This is an important study, however, authors must include more evidence from Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). You can check this PubMed article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34429316/
    Competing Interests: None
  • Discussion is closed on this version, please comment on the latest version above.
Author details Author details
Competing interests
Grant information
Copyright
Download
 
Export To
metrics
Views Downloads
F1000Research - -
PubMed Central
Data from PMC are received and updated monthly.
- -
Citations
CITE
how to cite this article
Ilori OR, Ilori OS, Oluwatobi Awodutire P et al. The acceptability and side effects of COVID-19 vaccine among health care workers in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2022, 10:873 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.54616.2)
NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
track
receive updates on this article
Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article.

Open Peer Review

Current Reviewer Status: ?
Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW
ApprovedThe paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested
Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit.
Not approvedFundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions
Version 2
VERSION 2
PUBLISHED 22 Jun 2022
Revised
Views
8
Cite
Reviewer Report 02 Aug 2022
Malina Osman, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine,, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia 
Approved with Reservations
VIEWS 8
Willingness and acceptability were used interchangeably, but defined in different contexts and explained in different types of measurement as given under the subtopic sample size and analysis. Please kindly use one term based on the title. Define it appropriately and ... Continue reading
CITE
CITE
HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT
Osman M. Reviewer Report For: The acceptability and side effects of COVID-19 vaccine among health care workers in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2022, 10:873 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.135198.r141777)
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
Views
10
Cite
Reviewer Report 07 Jul 2022
Ozayr H. Mahomed, Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa 
Approved with Reservations
VIEWS 10
  • The entire abstract needs to be changed. This was my previous comment.
    • Why is it necessary only to include AstraZeneca when in fact the statement will apply generally?
... Continue reading
CITE
CITE
HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT
Mahomed OH. Reviewer Report For: The acceptability and side effects of COVID-19 vaccine among health care workers in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2022, 10:873 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.135198.r141778)
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
Version 1
VERSION 1
PUBLISHED 01 Sep 2021
Views
13
Cite
Reviewer Report 14 Dec 2021
Malina Osman, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine,, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia 
Approved with Reservations
VIEWS 13
  • Definition of acceptability based on the mean of the scores in my opinion is not suitable in this kind of situation. As we have to deal with a pandemic and all matters related to its management, stricter
... Continue reading
CITE
CITE
HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT
Osman M. Reviewer Report For: The acceptability and side effects of COVID-19 vaccine among health care workers in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2022, 10:873 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.58120.r99629)
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
Views
27
Cite
Reviewer Report 17 Nov 2021
Ozayr H. Mahomed, Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa 
Approved with Reservations
VIEWS 27
The authors' work is commendable. The strength of the study is in clear explanation. However, I have the following points:
  • The abstract is weak and needs to be more focused on the objectives.
     
... Continue reading
CITE
CITE
HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT
Mahomed OH. Reviewer Report For: The acceptability and side effects of COVID-19 vaccine among health care workers in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2022, 10:873 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.58120.r98181)
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.

Comments on this article Comments (1)

Version 2
VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 22 Jun 2022
Revised
Version 1
VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 01 Sep 2021
Discussion is closed on this version, please comment on the latest version above.
  • Reader Comment 06 Sep 2021
    Mohammad Ali, Uttara Adhunik Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
    06 Sep 2021
    Reader Comment
    This is an important study, however, authors must include more evidence from Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). You can check this PubMed article: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34429316/
    Competing Interests: None
  • Discussion is closed on this version, please comment on the latest version above.
Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article:
Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested
Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit.
Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions
Sign In
If you've forgotten your password, please enter your email address below and we'll send you instructions on how to reset your password.

The email address should be the one you originally registered with F1000.

Email address not valid, please try again

You registered with F1000 via Google, so we cannot reset your password.

To sign in, please click here.

If you still need help with your Google account password, please click here.

You registered with F1000 via Facebook, so we cannot reset your password.

To sign in, please click here.

If you still need help with your Facebook account password, please click here.

Code not correct, please try again
Email us for further assistance.
Server error, please try again.