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Research Article
Revised

Prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a hospital based cross-sectional study

[version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]
PUBLISHED 16 Mar 2022
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Abstract

Background: Several systemic diseases manifest themselves in the oral cavity. Dentists who are unaware of these lesions will possibly miss them. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with LE in a sample of the Egyptian population.
Methods: A descriptive study was performed on 189 patients attending the Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Clinic in EL Qasr EL Ainy Hospital, Cairo University. Every patient was examined clinically after completing a questionnaire. Moreover, patients’ medical records were also evaluated.  The oral manifestations were recorded according to the WHO guide to physical examination of the oral cavity and classified according to their morphologic aspects and localization.
Results: Out of 189 patients, there were 182 females (96.3%) and seven males (3.7%). The prevalence of oral lesions in SLE patients was 55.6%. The most affected site was the tongue 25.7%. The most common clinical aspect was patches, 53%. About 77.1% of the lesions were asymptomatic. 
Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of oral lesions to recognize patients with SLE as the WHO considers oral manifestations of SLE a widespread state. Also, implementation of oral hygiene measures and treatment to improve patients’ nutritional state and health-related quality of life are recommended.

Keywords

lupus erythematosus, oral manifestations, precancerous oral lesions, SLE

Revised Amendments from Version 2

We amended the standard abbreviation to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in the manuscript as all the patients fulfilled the ACR classification criteria for SLE. 
In the introduction, we elaborated more on SLE the prevalence, type, and location of oral lesions.
We acknowledged the lack of the system/ clinical manifestation, drug treatment of patients, and clinical associations/statistical analysis in the discussion and emphasize that this study was mainly a descriptive study.

See the authors' detailed response to the review by Laura B. Lewandowski
See the authors' detailed response to the review by Ljudmila Stojanovich
See the authors' detailed response to the review by Syahrul Sazliyana Shaharir

Introduction

Lupus erythematosus (LE) is an autoimmune disease subdivided into a cutaneous and a systemic form. The prevalence of mucosal involvement in LE patients is debatable.1 There is a wide range of the prevalence of mucosal involvement based on population.24 The mucosal involvement of LE ranges from 9–45% in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 3–20% in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE).1

The morphologic aspects of the oral lesions presented in SLE, varied clinical aspects, ranging from the classic plaques with central erythema surrounded by a white rim with radiating keratotic striae and randomly telangiectasias described by multiple workers to bullous lesions.5

Oral lesions varied from a red macula or plaque, ulcerations surrounded or not by white irradiating striae to a white plaque on a pigmented mucosa. Clinical features differed according to the anatomical location. Lesions of the hard palate were red maculae or plaque, in contrast, white lesions (plaque and lichen-like striae) were found only in the buccal mucosa. Lesions of the lips ranged from red plaques or ulcers. However, a white plaque on pigmented mucosa was also reported.6

In descending order, locations frequently affected were the buccal mucosa, hard palate and lower lips. Some patients had lesions simultaneously more than one oral site. While in a more recent study, it was reported that the commonest site of oral findings was on the hard palate. Other sites included the labial mucosa, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and alveolar ridge.1

As mentioned in the WHO digital manual for the early diagnosis of oral neoplasia (2008), several systemic diseases manifest themselves in the oral cavity. These lesions can precede the symptoms and signs of systemic disease or can coexist with it and dentists who are unaware of these lesions will possibly miss them.7

According to WHO guides for screening programs (2009),8 most programs are selective and target a subset of the population who are considered to be at the highest risk.9 Consequently, the present study assessed the prevalence of oral manifestations among a sample of Egyptian patients recently diagnosed with lupus erythematosus as they are considered to be at a high risk of developing oral precancerous lesions.

Methods

The present cross-sectional study was performed to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population. The study was held in the Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Clinic in EL Qasr EL Ainy Hospital, Cairo University. Hospital data collection started in March 2019 until March 2020.

Inclusion criteria: Patients immediately diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus based on American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. The age of patients was 14–70 years old. Both genders were included. Cigarette smoking patients were included.10

Exclusion criteria: Patients suffering from any other systemic diseases. Patients on drug therapy which may cause oral mucosal manifestations.11

For each eligible participant, a full history was obtained through an interview between the investigator and the patient. Demographical data were collected.12 All participants were asked to sign a study-related informed consent. The clinical examination of the oral manifestation was recorded by conventional oral examination (COE) according to the WHO digital manual for physical examination of the oral cavity. SLE patients who had an oral manifestation as present and SLE patients without oral manifestation as absent. The oral manifestations were interpreted according to their clinical aspects and their sites in the oral cavity.12,13 Cigarette smoking patients were also assessed.14

The primary outcome was the prevalence of intraoral manifestations. Selection bias was minimized by enrolling the participants in the study in consecutive order of them entering the clinic. Non-respondent bias was minimized by explaining to the participants the aim of the study and their importance and role in the study. Incomplete records were excluded from statistical analysis with the cause of an incomplete record reported.

Ethical approval for the questionnaire and methodology were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (approval number: 19/5/6). All participants gave their informed consent to the interviewer verbally, using the telephone interview as a format for data collection. In addition, a link to the consent form was sent electronically.

Sampling was conducted continuously, and the sample size was considered 189 patients with lupus erythematosus with a 95% confidence level, 5% margin of error, and 7.1 maximum deviation of the sample rate. The sample size was calculated using Stats Direct statistical software (version 3.1.17) (An open-access alternative that can provide an equivalent function is the R stats package (RRID:SCR_001905)). Qualitative data were presented as frequencies and percentages. Quantitative data were presented as mean, standard deviation (SD), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the mean values. For qualitative data, Fisher’s Exact Test was used for comparisons regarding qualitative variables. Quantitative data were explored for normality by checking the distribution of data and using tests of normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests). Age data showed a parametric distribution. The Student’s t-test was used to compare between patients without and with oral lesions. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) (RRID:SCR_019096) (An open-access alternative that can provide an equivalent function is the R stats package (RRID:SCR_001905)).

Results

The group of LE patients was composed of 189 patients. All the sampled patients met the ACR criteria for diagnosis of SLE. CLE wasn’t found among the sampled patients.

The mean (SD) values for age were 30.5 (9.7%). Only four patients (2.1%) were smokers. Four women (2.2%) were pregnant.

In this study, the prevalence of oral lesions among SLE patients was 55.6% (105/189 patients). 182 females (96.3%) and 7 males (3.7%). This showed a non-significant relationship in terms of gender in the prevalence of oral manifestations (P-value = 0.465, Effect size = 0.769). There was no statistically significant difference between mean age values in patients with and without oral lesions (P-value = 0.210, Effect size = 0.187). There was no significant relationship between smoking and non- smoking patients. Patient details are summarized in Table 1 and are shown in the underlying data.15

Table 1. Descriptive statistics, results of Fisher’s Exact test and Student’s t-test for comparison between patients with and without oral lesions.

No oral lesion
(n = 84)
Oral lesion
(n = 105)
P-valueEffect size
Gender [n, (%)]Male2 (2.4%)5 (4.8%)0.465OR = 0.769
Female82 (97.6%)100 (95.2%)
Age [Mean, (SD), 95% CI]31.5 (9.7),
29.4–33.7
29.7 (9.7),
27.8–31.6
0.210d = 0.187
Smoking [no. (%)]Smoker2 (2.4%)2 (1.9%)1.000OR = 0.016
Non-smoker82 (97.6%)103 (98.1%)

* Significant at P ≤ 0.05.

Of the 105 patients (55.6%) with oral lesions, the most affected site was the tongue 25.7%. Figure 1 displays the site of the oral lesions in descending order. The most common clinical aspect was patches, 53%. Figure 2 displays the clinical aspect of the oral lesions in descending order. Twenty-four patients (22.9%) had a burning sensation while 81 patients (77.1%) were asymptomatic.

9bf59556-76e5-4ffa-8697-02525febe1cf_figure1.gif

Figure 1. Clinical sites of the oral lesions (n = 105).

9bf59556-76e5-4ffa-8697-02525febe1cf_figure2.gif

Figure 2. Clinical aspects of the oral lesions (n = 105).

Table 2 shows the difference in the prevalence of oral manifestations in SLE patients among regions and countries.

Table 2. The prevalence of oral manifestations in different countries.

Geographic dataNorth AfricaMiddle East and Asia
ParameterOur seriesTunisia25Saudi Arabia26Qatar21UAE27Kuwait28Lebanon29Iraq24Iran16China30Pakistan31
Number of patients1897496247711010810050188709196
Mean age30.5 (9.7)30.66 (11.4)25.3 (63.6)38.3 ± 10.628.9 (0)31.525-3330.1 (12.1)31
Sex26:11:009.6:19.8:19.5:1.20.5:110:016.1:117:01162/269.3:17.2:1
Malar rash-68.747.9-624343--5629
Oral manifestations55.6%--88.10%---54%54%--
Oral ulcers15.20%23.30%39.10%2.40%23.90%33%40%72%28.10%35%19.70%
Geographic dataEuropeSouth AfricaSouth AmericaUSA
ParameterIreland17Turkey32Europe33South Africa34Argentina18Venezuela6Brazil1Latin America35USA36
Number of patients42428100011115090461214256
Mean age4840.3 (12.4)293539.1 (13.7)36.39 (8.42)41.8 years.28 (12)39.9 (14.8)
Sex37/4213.8:110:0112.8:1(139/150)10.25:12.83:18.8:19.6:1
Malar rash--585545.30%--61.338
Oral manifestations50%---97%11.10%100%--
Oral ulcers23%38.80%24%33%7%-21%41.70%17%

Discussion

The current descriptive study assessed the prevalence of the oral manifestation among SLE patients in Egypt.

The present study was conducted on 189 patients: 182 females (96.3%) and seven males (3.7%), and this indicated that SLE is more prevalent in Egyptian females than in males. This finding agreed with López-Labady et al.,6 Khatibi et al.,16 Ali et al.,17 as well as Barrio-Díaz et al.,18 who also found that the majority of SLE patients were female.

Despite the variation in sample size between all studies, males were less affected by oral manifestations than females.12 There was systemic involvement in all the sampled patients. CLE patients weren’t found in the sampled population. This explains the fact that CLE may be part of the spectrum of SLE or be an entity alone with no systemic features.19

There was no statistically significant association between the prevalence of gender and oral lesions. Moreover, there was no significant difference between mean age values in patients with and without oral lesions. These findings agreed with Khatibi et al., (2012).16 There was no statistically significant association between smoking and oral manifestations. This agreed with a study by Bourré-Tessier et al.,20 who reported that there was no clear association between smoking and the presence of mucosal ulcers or malar rash.

The present study showed that the prevalence of oral manifestations was 55.6% (105/189 patients). In a study conducted in Iran, 102 (54.3%) out of 188 patients had oral lesions, while 86 (45.7%) had none.16 In addition to that, a study conducted in Ireland showed that 50% of patients had positive oral findings.17 In Saudi Arabia it was found that mucocutaneous lesions including oral ulcers were reported in 72% of 46 SLE patients.21 Also, De Rossi et al., in 1998, found the prevalence of oral manifestations ranged from 81.3 to 87.5%.16 The highest prevalence was reached at 97% in an Argentinian study.17 On the other hand, a lower prevalence was shown in a Venezuelan study,6 which reported that of the 90 patients diagnosed with SLE only 10 patients (11.1%) showed oral mucosal lesions. Collectively, the higher prevalence of oral manifestations in SLE is probably because all tissues are potentially affected as a result of the disease course.1

The results of the current study revealed that the most affected site was the tongue (25.7%) in just over one-quarter of the patients followed by the palate, lips, buccal mucosa, the gingiva, and the least affected site was the corner of the mouth. Khatibi et al., in 2012, revealed that the sites most commonly affected by oral lesions were the buccal mucosa and the lips.6 A Brazilian study reported that the more frequently affected sites were the buccal mucosa then the hard palate and lower lips.1 While another study found that the commonest site was the hard palate.17 This variation may be attributed to dissimilarity in the exclusion and inclusion criteria of these studies.

The second most frequently affected site for oral manifestations in this study was the palate and this agreed with a previous study conducted in Brasil.1 In third place were the lips; the lower lips were more often affected than the upper lips. This may be attributed to the fact that the lower lips are more exposed to sunlight than the upper lips and to the biological mechanisms of ultraviolet rays (UVR), which induce lupus flare.22

In our study, patches were reported as the most significant morphologic feature (53.3%). This was followed by ulcers (15.2%), plaques (11.4%), white keratotic striae (8.6%), macules (6.7%), linear erythema (6.7%), and the least common clinical feature was erosive lesions in 3.8% of the patients.

Lourenco et al., (2007) reported that oral lesions presented in different clinical aspects, ranging from classic plaques accompanied by central erythema enclosed by a white rim with radiating keratotic striae to a white plaque on a pigmented mucosa and finally to bullous lesions.1 Menzies et al., reported that SLE lesions varied from striated/reticular white patches, erosions, ulceration to homogenous white patches.17 Recently, Barrio et al., reported that oral lesions were classified into erythematous patches, honeycomb plaques, lupus cheilitis, chronic plaques, oral discoid lesions, LP-like lesions, keratotic lesions, ulcerative plaques, oral ulcers, pebbly red areas, purpuric lesions, erythema and diffuse palatal petechial erythema.18

The results of the current study revealed that the clinical appearance of the patches varied from one patient to another. Round erythematous patches were reported in 35.2% of the lesions. These patches were painless and would bleed on palpation while scaly erythematous patches were observed in 16.2% of the lesions. A scaly white patch was reported in 1.9% of the patients particularly on the lips, these scales were crusted and thick. Barrio et al., (2020) reported that erythematous patches are considered as clinical descriptions of oral lupus lesions.18 Nico et al.,1 reported that SLE oral lesions manifested as oval non-scarring patches with variable degrees of erosion.1

The second most significant clinical feature was found to be the ulcer. Ulcers were reported in 15.3% of cases, ranging from ulcers surrounded by a red halo, painless ulcers surrounded by white radiating striae, ulcers surrounded by red radiating striae associated with burning sensation, and round erythematous hemorrhaging ulcers.

Meyer et al., and Ranginwala et al. found that oral ulcers are present in 19% of cases in both of their studies.23 While Khatibi et al., (2012) and Menzies et al., (2018) found that 28.1% and 23.8% of patients showed oral ulcers respectively.16 Barrio et al., (2020) found that oral ulcers were present in 11 of 150 patients with systemic lupus (7%).18 On the other hand, Ali et al. (2012) reported that oral ulcers were present in 72% of patients.24

The third clinical picture in our study was the plaque. Plaques were reported in 11.4% of the lesions. The clinical appearance ranged from painless red plaques to painful erosive plaques. Lourenço et al., (2007), found that the lesions of the hard palate were red maculae or plaque. In contrast, white lesions were found only in the buccal mucosa.1 Barrio et al. reported that honeycomb plaques on the palate are only present in systemic lupus patients.18 A white plaque on pigmented mucosa was reported by López et al.6 Also, Lourenço et al., reported four cases of classic plaques with central erythema from 46 patients (8.6%).1

In the current study, painless white keratotic striae came in fourth place at 8.6%. Buccal mucosa was the most affected by white keratotic striae followed by the gingiva. These findings agreed with Lourenço et al., who reported that white lesions (plaque and LP-like striae) were found only in the buccal mucosa.1

The results of the present study revealed that single and cluster macules were reported in 6.7% of the cases. These red macules were painless, and the palate showed the highest prevalence of macules followed by the gingiva. This was in accordance with López et al., who also reported the presence of red maculae on the hard palate.6 Barrio et al., reported that high activity of the SLE was associated with red macules on the soft palate and brown-pigmented macules on the lower gingiva.18

In the current study, linear erythema was reported in 6.7% of cases. It was noticed on the gingiva and palate. Similarly, Nico et al., 2008 reported that linear erythema and keratosis were observed on the upper palatal gingiva in the patient.1

Finally, erosive lesions were observed in 3.8% of the cases in the present study. These lesions showed no statistically significant association with a particular oral site. A Brazilian study reported erosive lesions on the lips and buccal mucosa.1 Also, erosive and keratotic lesions on the left buccal mucosa were presented in a case report by Nico et al., (2008).1

This study is a descriptive study to assess the prevalence of oral manifestation in systemic lupus patient not include the clinical manifestation, drug treatment of patients and clinical associations/statistical analysis.

Recommendations

Further studies should be conducted in other regions with a larger sample size and at different time intervals to broaden these findings. Also, additional research could highlight the impact of race, ethnicity, and genetics on the prevalence of oral manifestations of the disease.

Conclusion

The present study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of oral lesions in patients recognized with SLE as the WHO considers oral manifestations of SLE as a widespread state. It is also required in order to implement oral hygiene measures and to improve patients’ health-related quality of life. Further studies are suggested to be conducted on a larger sample size and at different intervals.

Data availability

Underlying data

Dryad: Underlying data for ‘Prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a hospital based cross-sectional study’, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.wstqjq2mv.15

This project contains the following underlying data:

  • Data file 1: Prevalence of oral manifestations in SLE patients.xlsx

  • Data file 2: Read_me.txt

Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero “No rights reserved” data waiver (CC0 1.0 Universal Public domain dedication).

Consent

All participants gave their informed consent to the interviewer verbally, using the telephone interview as a format for data collection. In addition, a link to the consent form was sent electronically requesting written consent for publication of the patients’ details.

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Saeed HM, Mohammad Amr E, Rezk Lotfy Rezk A and Abd Elmoneim W. Prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a hospital based cross-sectional study [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2022, 10:969 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55332.3)
NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
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Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW
ApprovedThe paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested
Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit.
Not approvedFundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions
Version 3
VERSION 3
PUBLISHED 16 Mar 2022
Revised
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Reviewer Report 13 May 2022
Ljudmila Stojanovich, University Medical Centre "Bezanijska Kosa", Belgrade, Serbia 
Approved with Reservations
VIEWS 18
The manuscript “Prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a hospital based cross-sectional study” by Saeed HM, et al. evaluated the presence of prevalence of oral manifestations in SLE patients.
... Continue reading
CITE
CITE
HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT
Stojanovich L. Reviewer Report For: Prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a hospital based cross-sectional study [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2022, 10:969 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.122370.r135160)
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
  • Author Response 31 May 2022
    Hager Saeed, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
    31 May 2022
    Author Response
    Dear Ljudmila,
    Please accept our sincere gratitude for your insightful input, and we eagerly await the opportunity to learn from you. If you don't mind, we'll demonstrate some aspects to clear ... Continue reading
COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT
  • Author Response 31 May 2022
    Hager Saeed, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
    31 May 2022
    Author Response
    Dear Ljudmila,
    Please accept our sincere gratitude for your insightful input, and we eagerly await the opportunity to learn from you. If you don't mind, we'll demonstrate some aspects to clear ... Continue reading
Views
11
Cite
Reviewer Report 22 Mar 2022
Syahrul Sazliyana Shaharir, Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 
Approved
VIEWS 11
Authors have addressed ... Continue reading
CITE
CITE
HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT
Shaharir SS. Reviewer Report For: Prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a hospital based cross-sectional study [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2022, 10:969 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.122370.r127698)
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
Version 2
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Reviewer Report 15 Feb 2022
Syahrul Sazliyana Shaharir, Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 
Approved with Reservations
VIEWS 22
  1. Suggest to use the standard abbreviation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in the manuscript as all the patients fulfilled the ACR classification criteria for SLE. 
     
  2. Introduction- should mainly focus on SLE and
... Continue reading
CITE
CITE
HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT
Shaharir SS. Reviewer Report For: Prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a hospital based cross-sectional study [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2022, 10:969 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.120062.r122129)
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
  • Author Response 16 Mar 2022
    Hager Saeed, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
    16 Mar 2022
    Author Response
    Dear Syahrul,
    Thank you for your helpful advice. I gained a lot of knowledge from your reports.

    1.    Suggest using the standard abbreviation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in the ... Continue reading
COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT
  • Author Response 16 Mar 2022
    Hager Saeed, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
    16 Mar 2022
    Author Response
    Dear Syahrul,
    Thank you for your helpful advice. I gained a lot of knowledge from your reports.

    1.    Suggest using the standard abbreviation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in the ... Continue reading
Version 1
VERSION 1
PUBLISHED 27 Sep 2021
Views
48
Cite
Reviewer Report 05 Jan 2022
Laura B. Lewandowski, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 
Not Approved
VIEWS 48
I think this paper has some merit - there is data here on one of the most common clinical manifestations in a specific regional cohort.
However, the current version lacks focus and organization, and I cannot recommend indexing in ... Continue reading
CITE
CITE
HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT
Lewandowski LB. Reviewer Report For: Prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a hospital based cross-sectional study [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2022, 10:969 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.58897.r101743)
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
  • Author Response 03 Feb 2022
    Hager Saeed, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, october six university, Cairo, 12585, Egypt
    03 Feb 2022
    Author Response
    Dear Laura,
    Thanks for your valuable report, I appreciate all your efforts to write this constructive report. 
    I do my efforts to be concise in the paper as this paper ... Continue reading
  • Author Response 01 Apr 2022
    Hager Saeed, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, october six university, Cairo, 12585, Egypt
    01 Apr 2022
    Author Response
    I hope you're doing well. In accordance with your report, we have submitted the third version. 
    If you have any further questions, please let us know so we will make the necessary changes. 
    Thank you for the detailed instructions.
    Competing Interests: No competing interest
COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT
  • Author Response 03 Feb 2022
    Hager Saeed, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, october six university, Cairo, 12585, Egypt
    03 Feb 2022
    Author Response
    Dear Laura,
    Thanks for your valuable report, I appreciate all your efforts to write this constructive report. 
    I do my efforts to be concise in the paper as this paper ... Continue reading
  • Author Response 01 Apr 2022
    Hager Saeed, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, october six university, Cairo, 12585, Egypt
    01 Apr 2022
    Author Response
    I hope you're doing well. In accordance with your report, we have submitted the third version. 
    If you have any further questions, please let us know so we will make the necessary changes. 
    Thank you for the detailed instructions.
    Competing Interests: No competing interest
Views
62
Cite
Reviewer Report 12 Oct 2021
Syahrul Sazliyana Shaharir, Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 
Not Approved
VIEWS 62
This was an interesting study but I have a few queries:
  1. It was mentioned that Egyptian patients recently diagnosed with lupus erythematosus were included in the study. What was the definition of recently diagnosed? Within 3
... Continue reading
CITE
CITE
HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT
Shaharir SS. Reviewer Report For: Prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a hospital based cross-sectional study [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2022, 10:969 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.58897.r95501)
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
  • Author Response (F1000Research Advisory Board Member) 23 Dec 2021
    Hager Saeed, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, october six university, Cairo, 12585, Egypt
    23 Dec 2021
    Author Response F1000Research Advisory Board Member
    It was mentioned that Egyptian patients recently diagnosed with lupus erythematosus were included in the study. What was the definition of recently diagnosed? Within 3 months of diagnosis or at ... Continue reading
COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT
  • Author Response (F1000Research Advisory Board Member) 23 Dec 2021
    Hager Saeed, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, october six university, Cairo, 12585, Egypt
    23 Dec 2021
    Author Response F1000Research Advisory Board Member
    It was mentioned that Egyptian patients recently diagnosed with lupus erythematosus were included in the study. What was the definition of recently diagnosed? Within 3 months of diagnosis or at ... Continue reading

Comments on this article Comments (0)

Version 4
VERSION 4 PUBLISHED 27 Sep 2021
Comment
Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article:
Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested
Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit.
Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions
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