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Systematic Review

The effectiveness of physical therapy for temporomandibular disorder: A systematic review

[version 1; peer review: 2 not approved]
PUBLISHED 18 Nov 2024
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Abstract

Background

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are diseases of the stomatognathic system characterized by various signs and symptoms. TMD treatment must be multidisciplinary because its causes are multifactorial. Noninvasive conservative treatment strategies should be carried out before considering invasive treatment options that may lead to irreparable damage. Physical therapy is an effective noninvasive therapy for managing the signs and symptoms of TMD. To date, the most effective therapeutic approach for managing TMD pain remains controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the most effective physical therapy for pain management, symptom control, and quality of life improvement in patients with TMD.

Methods

Data search was performed using the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Sciences databases. The results are reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement for systematic reviews. Interventions based on physical therapy, including physical exercise, manual therapy, myofacial muscle manipulation, and postural therapy, with pain relief, increased mouth opening, or improved quality of life as primary outcomes, were examined.

Results

Twenty eligible articles were analyzed. Most interventions demonstrated statistically significant improvements as measured by the study outcomes.

Conclusions

Most types of physical therapy demonstrated positive effects on patients with TMD. Furthermore, physical therapy for both cervical and regional TMJ manipulation can be an alternative long-term treatment for TMD.

Keywords

Temporomandibular disorders, TMD, physical therapy, manual therapy, quality of life

Introduction

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are diseases of the stomatognathic system that affect the musculoskeletal system’s bone structure and muscle tissue (Li et al., 2017). The temporomandibular disorder affects about 10% of the adult population and is three times more common in women (Jasim et al., 2020). In contrast, another source states that the overall prevalence of TMD occurs in 31% of adults and 11% in children and adolescents (Santos et al., 2022).

Risk factors of TMD include congenital abnormalities, inflammatory conditions, systemic diseases, depression, stress, and other psychological factors (Jasim et al., 2020; Heir, 2016; Murphy et al., 2013). Signs and symptoms of TMD include masticatory muscle pain, temporomandibular joint pain, joint sounds, reduced mandibular range of motion, and jaw deviations when opening and/or closing the mouth (Wilkowicz et al., 2020). Consequently, TMD can interfere with daily social activities. In particular, prolonged pain, affective and cognitive balance disorders, sleep disorders, and limitations on physical activities, can adversely influence systemic health and the patient’s quality of life (de Resende et al., 2013).

TMD treatment must be multidisciplinary because its causes are multifactorial. The literature reports various treatment options proposed by dentists, oral surgeons, orthodontists, psychologists, physical therapists, and physicians. Primarily, treatment is divided into non-invasive conservative therapy and invasive surgery (Cúccia et al., 2010). Treatment results vary from study to study (Wright et al., 2000; Ismail et al., 2007; Reynolds et al., 2020). Non-invasive treatment should be considered before resorting to invasive treatment that could cause irreparable damage. Noninvasive therapies include pharmacological agents, acupuncture, educational programs, home exercises, physical therapy, osteopathy, and relaxation (Cúccia et al., 2010).

TMD treatment aims to reduce pain, control symptoms, reduce injury severity, and improve quality of life by improving masticatory function, joint mobility, and patient knowledge (de Resende et al., 2021). Physical therapy is intended to relieve musculoskeletal pain, reduce inflammation, and restore oral motor function (Cúccia et al., 2010). Physical therapy is believed to be an effective treatment option for managing the signs and symptoms of TMD. Therapies include voltage electrical stimulation, acupuncture, laser therapy, muscle relaxing appliances, massaging the masticatory muscles, therapeutic exercises for the masticatory or cervical muscles, and manual therapy techniques (de Paula Gomes et al., 2014).

Currently, a consensus on the most effective therapeutic approach for TMD pain is lacking. Physical therapy of the TMJ is noninvasive and offers positive advantages. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the most effective physical therapy for pain management, symptom control, and quality of life improvement in patients with TMD.

Methods

This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. This study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023490893). The modified PICOS questions were used as the basis for searching for the selected criteria.

  • 1. Population (P): Adult patients diagnosed with TMD.

  • 2. Intervention (I): Physical therapy, including physical exercise, manual therapy, postural therapy (postural and cervical manipulation), and myofacial muscle manipulation.

  • 3. Comparison (C): Not applicable to items included in this review.

  • 4. Primary outcomes (O): Pain, TMJ range of motion, TMJ sound, masticatory muscle activity, mandibular function, quality of life, and sleep quality.

  • 5. Study design (S): Randomized controlled trial and case series.

Data source and search strategy

The PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Sciences databases were searched. The database used search terms from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) vocabulary and was last searched on July 31, 2023. The keywords used for search on PubMed were [(“TMD” or “temporomandibular joint disorders” or “temporomandibular disorder”) AND (“physical therapy” or “physical exercise” or “postural therapy” or “manual therapy”)]. The keywords used in the Web of Science were ((TMD OR temporomandibular joint disorder OR temporomandibular disorder)) AND AB=(physical therapy OR physical exercise OR postural therapy OR manual therapy). The keywords used for search on Scopus were TITLE-ABS KEY (“TMD” OR “temporomandibular joint disorder” OR “temporomandibular disorder”) AND (“physical therapy” OR “physical exercise” OR “postural therapy” OR “manual therapy”) AND (“clinical trial” OR “randomized controlled trial”) AND ( LIMIT-TO (SRCTYPE, “j”)) AND ( LIMIT-TO (OA, “all”)) AND (LIMIT-TO (PUBSTAGE, “final”)) AND (LIMIT-TO (DOCTYPE, “ar”)) AND (LIMIT-TO (LANGUAGE, “English”)).

Study selection and data extraction

Two authors (ANKP and DAA) removed duplicate studies using EndNoteTM20 (version 20.4.0.18004) software. Only studies in English were included and review article restrictions were placed on the publication date. Study selection was conducted in two stages. Article titles and abstracts were reviewed in the first stage to assess eligibility based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subsequently, the remaining articles were searched and evaluated. Subsequently, the remaining articles were searched and evaluated.

The inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined before study identification. The inclusion criteria were as follows: randomized controlled trial (RCT) and case series design, adult population (>18 years old) with TMD diagnosis, intervention with physical therapy including physical exercise, manual therapy, postural therapy, or myofacial muscle manipulation, no comorbidities, not undergoing orthodontic treatment, never undergoing surgery, with outcome study pain relief, increased range of motion, reduced TMD signs and symptoms, improved activity of the masticatory muscles and mandibular function, and improved quality of life and sleep. The exclusion criteria were as follows: history of trauma in the TMJ area, inflammatory and rheumatic diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), congenital abnormalities, and non-human studies.

Data synthesis and analysis

Three authors (NPMS, MR and AS) reviewed the full text of relevant articles to determine the eligibility criteria. If there was disagreement among the authors, the final decision was made through discussion by majority vote. The following data were extracted: year of publication, sample size, TMD pathology, intervention groups, outcomes, results, and conclusions.

Quality assessment

Two authors (LB and GA) independently assessed the quality of the eligible studies, using 16 items from the Quality Assessment (QATSDD) Tools. Quality assessment was performed by answering all questions. Each question was scored (0-3). The risk of bias was assessed at the outcome level.

Results

The selection of studies and data extraction process for inclusion in this review are summarized in the flow diagram ( Figure 1). Our primary search identified 490 studies with 79 duplicates. Data screening was conducted on 414 studies. After final evaluation, 20 studies, published between 1986 and 2022, were eligible and included in the analysis.

f5b014f1-8bd2-4f92-9ed2-5065b29fc80b_figure1.gif

Figure 1. A Flow chart adapted from the PRISMA 2020 guideline.

Showing the literature search process, screening, and data extraction.

A summary of the final data characteristics and quality assessment scores is presented in (Table 1) (Extended data). The data included author details, sample sizes, treatment groups, outcomes, and quality assessment scores.

Sample population characteristics

All patients in this study complained of TMD, including orofacial and myofascial pain, headache, tinnitus, and TMJ dysfunction. Randomized controlled studies with variable sample sizes are included. The patients included in the study ranged in age from 18 to 65 years. The total sample size was 1016 patients from the 20 articles analyzed.

Intervention characteristics

The interventions investigated in the eligible studies included physical therapy, such as manual therapy, postural therapy, myofascial therapy, and home exercises, either in combination or separately. Physical exercise protocols varied widely. Protocols described included cervical-related postural correction, intraoral myofascial exercises, facial muscle relaxation, and home-based physical exercises. Some interventions were compared or combined with splint therapy, education, and hot and cold compression. Physical therapy interventions were mostly scheduled and assisted by physiotherapists. However, some studies did not specify the professional who assisted with the physical therapy.

Comparisons of interventions

Manual therapy (stomatognathic treatment) versus acupuncture

Only one study has compared manual therapy with acupuncture. Patients in the manual therapy group who underwent stomatognathic treatment were administered occlusal adjustment therapy and muscle coordination exercises for the lower jaw. Positive results were observed in both groups. The study reported pain reduction during mouth opening, lateral mandibular movements, and jaw protrusion in both groups. The study concluded that the treatment effect was similar in both groups, but those in the acupuncture group reported an irritating effect during therapy administration (Raustia and Pohjola, 1986).

Postural and cervical manipulation versus no therapy, conservative therapy (oral appliance), or suboccipital treatment

Five studies discussed manual therapy that focused on postural, cervical, and upper thorax manipulation therapy (Cúccia et al., 2010; Wright et al., 2000; Reynolds et al., 2020; George et al., 2007; Packer et al., 2015). Wright et al. (2000) investigated the effects of postural exercises under the supervision of a physiotherapist, that aimed to stretch and strengthen anatomical structures that were compromised due to poor posture. The results showed an increased mean maximum pain-free opening and improved TMD symptoms in the postural therapy group. Reynolds et al. (2020) used the cervical spine high-velocity low-amplitude thrust (HVLAT) technique, which consisted of exercises in a resting position, controlled opening, axial extension of the neck with overpressure, posture correction, and scapular retraction. This study showed that individuals with TMD who received HVLAT treatment of the cervical spine experienced significant improvements in jaw function and reduced fear of movement relative to the sham group. George et al. (2007) also used the HVLAT technique and compared it to the active release technique (ART), which focuses on the suboccipital musculus. The study reported that the degree of mouth opening between the two groups was similar.

In contrast, Cúccia et al. (2010) provided treatment directed toward the cervical region using gentle techniques, such as myofascial release, balanced membrane tension, muscle energization, joint articulation, HVLAT, and cranial-sacral therapy. There were no significant differences in the VAS, MOV, and ROM scores between the manual therapy group and the conventional therapy group treated with oral appliances. In addition, Packer et al. (2015) manipulated the upper thorax at the T1 vertebral segment in their experimental group. The patient was instructed to link the fingers behind the neck. The therapist placed the stabilizing hand under the segment to be manipulated (T2) and directed the arm caudally to encourage thoracic spine flexion. The results showed that vertical mouth opening did not differ between the manual therapy versus the sham manipulation groups. However, in the upper thoracic manipulation group, an increase in EMG activities in the left masseter and suprahyoid muscles was observed.

TMJ and orofacial muscle manipulation versus splint therapy, education, TENS, or no therapy

Six studies examined the effects of manual therapy, focusing on manipulation of the TMJ region and the orofacial muscles. Three studies compared manual therapy with splint therapy (Ismail et al., 2007; de Paula Gomes et al., 2014; Damar et al., 2022). Three other studies compared manual therapy with various therapies, namely, splint therapy and education (de Resende et al., 2021), TENS therapy (Patil and Aileni 2017), and no therapy (Vivanco-Coke et al., 2020).

Ismail et al. (2007) reported significantly higher active jaw opening after physical therapy by mobilizing the TMJ joint accompanied by jaw-lifting and muscle-blasting exercises. De Paula Gomes et al. (2014), who provided therapy with massage of the masticatory muscles, also reported maximum mouth opening, similar to that of therapy using splints. Damar et al. (2022), who provided therapy for soft tissue and joint mobilization of the TMJ and surrounding structures, reported significant results in reducing pain, increasing the range of motion and TMJ function, and improving sleep quality, relative to splint therapy.

de Resende et al. (2021) investigated manual therapy, splint therapy, education and splint therapy, and education in improving quality of life and sleep quality and reported effective short-term alleviation of TMD symptoms. Research comparing manual therapy with TENS has also shown effective results in improving mouth opening and reducing masticatory muscle and joint pain after treatment in both groups. Patients who underwent manual therapy performed an exercise program consisting of active and passive jaw opening and closing exercises, isometric jaw exercises, jaw stretching exercises, and resistive jaw exercises. Furthermore, Vivanco-Coke et al. (2020) demonstrated a clinically significant reduction in pain and dysfunction in patients who underwent manual therapy and superficial myofascial release, strain-counterstrain technique, and deep transverse massage.

Patient undertook manual therapy perfomed active and passive jaw exercises consisting jaw opening, closing, isometric, stretching, and restrictive movement (Patil and Aileni 2017). Furthermore, Vivanco-Coke et al. (2020) stated that patients who undertook manual therapy and superficial myofascial release, strain-counterstrain technique, and deep transverse massage showed a significant clinical improvement in reduction of pain and dysfunction.

Postural and cervical manipulation versus postural and cervical manipulation with TMJ and orofacial muscle manipulation

Three studies discussed additional TMJ and orofacial muscle manipulation. von Piekartz and Lüdtke (2011) compared two groups in their study. The first group received manual therapy for the cervical region, and the second group received additional manual therapy for the temporomandibular region. Additional manual therapy techniques included translational movements of the temporomandibular region and masticatory muscle techniques, such as trigger point treatment and muscle stretching. In the additional manual therapy group, treatment effects lasted for six months. Garrigós Pedrón et al. (2018) in their study compared the cervical group with the cervical and orofacial groups. Therapy for the cervical group consisted of suboccipital muscle inhibition, passive cervical joint mobilization in the supine and prone positions, co-contraction of flexors and extensors, and exercises of increasing difficulty and resistance using a latex band and nerve tissue techniques. In the cervical and orofacial groups, therapy was augmented with bilateral caudal longitudinal techniques for the TMJ, neuromuscular techniques for the masseter and frontal muscles, and coordination exercises for the masticatory muscles. The study concluded that a combination of cervical and orofacial treatments was more effective.

Delgado De La Serna et al. (2020) compared self-care manual therapy with additional cervical therapy provided by physiotherapists. This group underwent inferior glide accessory mobilization of the mandible and soft tissue mobilization of the masseter and temporalis muscles. After three and six months, the group that received additional manual therapy from a physiotherapist demonstrated significantly better clinical, psychological, and physical outcomes than self-care manual therapy.

Intraoral myofascial manipulation versus intraoral myofascial manipulation with self-care exercises and education, or self-care exercises and education

Two separate studies by the same research group discussed intraoral myofascial manipulation. The primary author also performed intraoral myofascial manipulations. In the first study, Kalamir et al. (2010) compared intraoral myofascial manipulation with intraoral myofascial manipulation plus self-care exercises and education. Three intraoral myofascial intervention techniques including intraoral temporalis release, intraoral medial and lateral pterygoid techniques, and intraoral sphenopalatine ganglion technique, were described. All treatment groups demonstrated overall improvement.

The second study compared intraoral myofascial manipulation therapy with self-care and education. The therapy protocol was the same as that used in a previous study. The results concluded that intraoral myofascial manipulation was superior in reducing pain compared with self-care and education as short-term treatment (Kalamir et al., 2013).

Intraoral myofascial manipulation versus extraoral myofascial manipulation

Only one study compared intraoral and extraoral manipulations. Intraoral myofascial manipulation uses post-metric muscle relaxation treatments (PIR), whereas intraoral myofascial manipulation uses myofascial release treatment (MR). The results of this study suggest that both PIR and MR can be used to treat TMD-associated pain and masticatory muscle tension (Urbański et al., 2021).

TMJ active exercises versus TMJ active exercises with Jog-type jaw manipulation, or masticatory muscle exercise

Two studies compared active TMJ exercises with other exercises. Bae and Park (2013) compared active TMJ and muscle exercises. These two studies also included self-care exercises. In the masticatory muscle exercise group, the patients were instructed to bring their lips together, place the front third of the tongue on the palate with the upper and lower teeth not touching each other, and then, apply a light force to push the tip of the tongue forward. The TMJ active exercise group received mouth opening and closing therapy. The results showed that TMJ pain, jaw deviations, and the mandibular range of motions improved in both groups. Nagata et al. (2019) provided active TMJ exercises to encourage condyle displacement by using simplified myofunctional therapy that pulled on the back molars. The comparison group was treated with jog-type jaw manipulation developed by the authors. The results of this study showed no statistical differences in mouth opening limitations, pain, or TMJ sounds between the two groups.

Discussion

This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of physical therapy in patients with TMJ disorders. The types of physical therapy we evaluated included noninvasive physical therapy without the use of tools, such as manual therapy, postural training, muscle massage, and physical self-care exercises. In the selected articles, an efficiency analysis on the effects of pain intensity, TMJ range of motion, TMD signs and symptoms, activity of the masticatory muscles, mandibular function, quality of life and sleep quality was performed.

All studies were randomized controlled trials involving human subjects. The results showed heterogeneity among the studies in terms of the research sample, interventions provided, and outcome measurement tools. The best TMD treatment remains controversial. Hence, recommending a specific noninvasive physical therapy interventions is not possible. Numerous types of physical therapy for TMD may be due to the multifactorial etiology of TMD. Therefore, we attempted to compare the various interventions. However, there were two comparisons in which only one study met the inclusion criteria.

Postural and cervical manipulations using the HVLAT technique were performed in two studies. Reynolds et al. (2020) demonstrated improved results using the HVLAT technique. Jaw function and the fear of jaw movement improved after treatment. However, a previous review did not show significant differences between the HVLAT and ART techniques (George et al., 2007). Manual therapy of the cervical spine using the HVLAT technique did not significantly improve mouth opening when compared with the ART technique. Evidence supports the use of cervical spinal joint mobilization for the treatment of TMD. The cervical spine HVLAT technique is a noninvasive physical therapy consisting of several cervical region manipulations. The advantage of this method is that side effects are superficial.

Postural and cervical manipulations are often combined with TMJ and orofacial muscle manipulations as physical therapies for TMD. The combination of manipulation in both areas improved the outcome, especially when therapy was provided over an extended treatment period (von Piekartz and Lüdtke, 2011; Garrigós Pedrón et al., 2018; Delgado De La Serna et al., 2020). Bevilaqua-Grossi et al. (2016), also reported that manual therapy and exercises to the cervical spine improved the symptoms of patients with migraine, cervical pain, and TMD.

Cervical pain is often observed in patients with TMDs. A close relationship exists between pericranial, masticatory, and cervical muscle tenderness and the presence of TMD and neck disability. in the study of Almoznino et al. (2020) conducted a study on the severity of cervical pain and myalgia disability and found a significantly positive relationship between the severity of cervical pain and headaches and other body pain, with limited mobility of the mandible, such as pain when opening.

Manipulation of the TMJ and orofacial muscles as physical therapy can also be together for TMD treatment. Analysis of the main results showed that the pain scores before treatment were significantly lower in the TMJ and orofacial muscle groups than in the control group, but the difference was not clinically significant after short-term treatment. Given these results, many researchers have suggested that longitudinal studies of myofascial treatment and self-care exercises for TMD should be conducted to assess their potential effectiveness (Kalamir et al., 2013).

The myofascial therapy conducted by Urbański et al. (2021) compared intraoral and extraoral myofascial manipulations. Both methods reduced the increased tension in the anterior part of the temporal and masseter muscles and the electrical activity of the masticatory muscles in the mandibular resting position in patients with TMD. The authors suggested that this therapy should be considered as supportive therapy for patients with TMD.

Several eligible studies compared splint therapy with physical therapy of the TMJ and orofacial muscles. All physical therapies on the TMJ and orofacial muscles yielded positive results, including higher active jaw opening, maximum mouth opening, reduced pain, and improved sleep quality (Ismail et al., 2007; de Paula Gomes et al., 2014; Damar et al., 2022). Splint therapy, widely used as a single therapy, has no additional effect compared with noninvasive physical therapy interventions. Noninvasive physical therapy interventions can be considered in addition to splint therapy. However, an appropriate selection of noninvasive physical therapy is essential. The diversity of manual techniques and exercises may lead to incompatibility between adjunctive physical therapy and splint therapy, and thus, affect treatment effectiveness (La Touche et al., 2020).

Of all the interventions in this review, various methods were beneficial, and some provided the same results as conservative therapies. The variety of TMD complaints with different pathological courses also influences the choice of therapy. When selecting a noninvasive physical therapy method, the operator must consider the patient’s needs and the potential benefits. The choice should be based on interventions that show statistical improvement. Of all the interventions in this review, various methods were beneficial, and some provided the same results as the more commonly used conservative therapies. The variety of TMD complaints with different pathological courses also influences the choice of therapy. To assist with selecting the most appropriate noninvasive physical therapy for TMD, studies that demonstrate significant outcomes are needed.

The heterogeneity of the sample and intervention characteristics in this study are limitations. The complaints, signs, and symptoms of TMD in each study have unique characteristics. In addition, the timing of the interventions and outcomes varied greatly.

Most non-invasive physical therapies have a positive effect on patients with TMD. Noninvasive physical therapy for both cervical and regional TMJ manipulation may be considered as long-term treatment option for TMD. Several studies have also shown that physical therapy is as effective or superior to splint therapy. However, owing to the diversity of interventions in these studies, the appropriate treatment must be selected carefully based on the patient’s needs.

Ethical clearance and consent

Not applicable.

Patient’s/guardian’s consent

Not applicable.

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Putri ANK, Artha DA, Anugraha G et al. The effectiveness of physical therapy for temporomandibular disorder: A systematic review [version 1; peer review: 2 not approved]. F1000Research 2024, 13:1380 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157532.1)
NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
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ApprovedThe paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested
Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit.
Not approvedFundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions
Version 1
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PUBLISHED 18 Nov 2024
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Reviewer Report 07 Mar 2025
Anelise Sonza, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Santa Catarina, Brazil 
Not Approved
VIEWS 29
I would like to express my gratitude to the authors for the opportunity to review your work and contribute to it. The topic is of significant relevance, and understanding the effectiveness of physical therapy for temporomandibular disorders is crucial for ... Continue reading
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HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT
Sonza A. Reviewer Report For: The effectiveness of physical therapy for temporomandibular disorder: A systematic review [version 1; peer review: 2 not approved]. F1000Research 2024, 13:1380 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.172989.r364035)
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
  • Author Response 28 Apr 2025
    Ni Putu Mira Sumarta, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine,, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
    28 Apr 2025
    Author Response
    Dear Dr. Anelise Sonza

    I would like to express my sincere gratitude for your thorough and comprehensive review of my manuscript titled “The Effectiveness of Physical Therapy for Temporomandibular ... Continue reading
COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT
  • Author Response 28 Apr 2025
    Ni Putu Mira Sumarta, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine,, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
    28 Apr 2025
    Author Response
    Dear Dr. Anelise Sonza

    I would like to express my sincere gratitude for your thorough and comprehensive review of my manuscript titled “The Effectiveness of Physical Therapy for Temporomandibular ... Continue reading
Views
31
Cite
Reviewer Report 08 Feb 2025
Maurits K. A van Selms, Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Antilles 
Not Approved
VIEWS 31
Dear Authors,

I reviewed the manuscript entitled "The effectiveness of physical therapy for temporomandibular disorder: A systematic review". The authors aimed to evaluate, by means of performing a systematic literature review, the most effective physical therapy for ... Continue reading
CITE
CITE
HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT
van Selms MKA. Reviewer Report For: The effectiveness of physical therapy for temporomandibular disorder: A systematic review [version 1; peer review: 2 not approved]. F1000Research 2024, 13:1380 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.172989.r364032)
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
  • Author Response 28 Apr 2025
    Ni Putu Mira Sumarta, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine,, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
    28 Apr 2025
    Author Response
    Dear Dr. Maurits K. A. van Selms,
    I would like to sincerely thank you for your thoughtful and detailed review of our manuscript titled "The Effectiveness of Physical Therapy for ... Continue reading
COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT
  • Author Response 28 Apr 2025
    Ni Putu Mira Sumarta, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine,, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
    28 Apr 2025
    Author Response
    Dear Dr. Maurits K. A. van Selms,
    I would like to sincerely thank you for your thoughtful and detailed review of our manuscript titled "The Effectiveness of Physical Therapy for ... Continue reading

Comments on this article Comments (0)

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VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 18 Nov 2024
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Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article:
Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested
Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit.
Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions
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