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Systematic Review

Natural agents that are neuroprotective against mitochondria: a bibliometric-based research mapping 1998–2024, from cells to mitochondria

[version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]
ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-3585
1, Dwi Arwandi Yogi Saputra2
ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-3585
1, Dwi Arwandi Yogi Saputra2
PUBLISHED 05 Jul 2024
Author details Author details
OPEN PEER REVIEW
REVIEWER STATUS

Abstract

Introduction

Mitochondria are cell organelles that function as the cell’s main power plant, producing ATP, the main energy molecule in cells. Mitochondria play an important role in the context of neuroprotection, and mitochondrial function has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recent research in the field of neuroprotection has focused on the development of therapies that target mitochondria. Natural ingredients have long been used in traditional medicine and show potential as neuroprotective agents.

Methods

In this work, a literature review methodology is employed to gather data from the Scopus database using the keywords natural agents, herb*, neuroprotective, and mitochondria. The data were analyzed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software to produce visualizations and bibliometric maps. We conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses.

Results

The research trend found are documents by year, most global cited document, most relevant sources, A factorial map illustrating the leading contributors of papers, documents by author, documents by country or territory, documents by subject area, network visualization, overlay visualization of scopus database using vosviewer, density visualization, thematic map, thematic evolution, cluster analysis, qualitative analysis, and word cloud.

Conclusions

Natural Agent Neurotropik is a natural substance that influences the brain’s nervous system and peripheral nervous system, enhancing cognition, mood, and brain function. Derived from herbs, spices, and herbal products, it has advantages over other natural agents in energy production, brain biogenesis, and neuroprotection.

Keywords

herbs, herbal, natural, agent, neuroprotective, mitochondria

Corresponding author: ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH
Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.
Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work.
Copyright:  © 2024 YURISALDI SALEH A and Yogi Saputra DA. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
How to cite: YURISALDI SALEH A and Yogi Saputra DA. Natural agents that are neuroprotective against mitochondria: a bibliometric-based research mapping 1998–2024, from cells to mitochondria [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2024, 13:754 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151380.1) First published: 05 Jul 2024, 13:754 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151380.1) Latest published: 23 Oct 2024, 13:754 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151380.2)

Introduction

Mitochondria are cell organelles that function as the cell’s main power plants, producing ATP, the main energy molecule in cells. Mitochondria also play a role in various other processes such as the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid metabolism. Therefore, mitochondria are essential for the normal functioning of cells and the organism as a whole.

In the context of neuroprotection, mitochondria play a very important role. Impaired mitochondrial function has been linked to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).1 Therefore, recent research in the field of neuroprotection has focused on the development of therapies targeting mitochondria.1

Natural ingredients have long been used in traditional medicine and have shown potential as neuroprotective agents.1 Several natural substances have been shown to have neuroprotective effects, either through improving mitochondrial function or through other mechanisms1. Several natural substances have been shown to have neuroprotective effects, either through improving mitochondrial function or through other mechanisms.1

Another advantage of natural substances is that they are often cheaper and more accessible compared to synthetic drugs. Additionally, natural ingredients often have fewer side effects, making them a better choice for many patients. However, more research is needed to fully understand how these natural ingredients work and how they can be used in the most effective way.1

Overall, research on the importance of mitochondria in neuroprotection and the potential of natural products as neuroprotective agents is a very promising area. With more research, we can develop new, more effective, and more efficient therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods

Bibliometric research is a research method that uses scientific publication data to describe and analyze the development of a field of science. This research aims to identify and map trends, patterns, and relationships between scientific documents related to certain topics. In this research, the topic chosen was natural agents, herb*, neuroprotective and mitochondria. This research uses data from the website www.scopus.com, which is one of the largest and most trusted databases for scientific publications. This research was conducted on early March 2024.

To carry out bibliometric research, the steps to follow are as follows:

  • 1. Determine search keywords. In this research, the keywords used are natural agents, herb*, neuroprotective and mitochondria. These keywords are entered into the search column on the www.scopus.com site by selecting the topic field (title, abstract, keywords).

  • 2. Filter search results. In this study, Were not filtered.

  • 3. Retrieve the data from the search results and save it to your device. This study involves the downloading of search result data in three distinct formats, which are:

    • • CSV (comma-separated value), The document includes fundamental details such as the title, author, affiliation, year, source, abstract, and keywords.

    • • RIS (research information system), The text contains comprehensive information, including the sources cited within it.

Data for this study were collected by one reviewer. Reviewers work independently in collecting data from each report. To ensure data accuracy and clutter. In addition, we use automated tools, namely the *VosViewer* and *Biblioshiny* applications, to assist in the data collection and analysis process.

In this study we found are documents by year has been an increase in the number of documents; until 2020, there were 23 documents, most global cited document that received the most citations with 391 citations, most relevant sources is journal ethnopharmacology, A factorial map illustrating the leading contributors of papers, documents by author with the most authors with 8 documents are Oh, M.S., documents by country or territory with China has the highest number of documents among all countries, 144 documents, documents by subject area, network visualization, overlay visualization of scopus database using vosviewer, density visualization, thematic map based on the title shows that the niche theme is the keyword mitochondria signaling pathway, effects neuroprotective effect, dan oxidative stres toxicity, thematic evolution, cluster analysis, qualitative analysis, and word cloud.

Data collection

We used the following terms to do a search on the Scopus website, taking into consideration that this website contains research that is considered to be valid: TITLE – ABS – KEY (natural agents) OR TITLE – ABS – KEY (herb*) AND TITLE – ABS – KEY (neuroprotective) AND TITLE – ABS – KEY (mitochondria) are the titles of the products that are under consideration. Two hundred and forty three documents were received by us. We then save the document from Scopus in the form of a file with the extension.csv following this step.

Data analysis

Both the Biblioshiny and Vosviewer software packages were utilised in the analysis process.

Quantitative analysis

Documents by year

Based on Figure 1, it appears that there has been an increase in the number of documents; until 2020, there were 23 documents. The oldest document in 1998 was entitled Protective Effects of Schisanhenol Against Oxygen Free Radical-Induced Injury of Rat Cerebral Mitochondria and Synaptosomes, written by Li, L. Liu, and G.2 Meanwhile, the latest document in 2024 is entitled Exploring the effect of Anshen Dingzhi prescription on hippocampal mitochondrial signals in a single prolonged stress mouse model, written by Juan Wang et al.3

438760de-4f63-41c6-be17-ac5abf4344fb_figure1.gif

Figure 1. Documents by year.

Most global cited document

Based on Figure 2, The document that received the most citations, with 391 citations, was the one written by Anjum A et al. in 2020 with the title Spinal cord injury: pathophysiology, multimolecular interactions, and underlying recovery mechanisms.4 Published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. In the next position, with 317 citations, is the journal written by Wang R., Yan H., and Tang X.-C. in 2006 in the Journal Acta Pharmacologica Sinica entitled Progress in studies of huperzine A, a natural cholinesterase inhibitor from Chinese herbal medicine.5 In third place with 201 citations are written documents by Wang T et al. in 2009 in the Journal Free Radical Biology and Medicine entitled Protection by tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside against cerebral ischemia: involvement of JNK, SIRT1, and NF-κB pathways and inhibition of intracellular ROS/RNS generation.6

438760de-4f63-41c6-be17-ac5abf4344fb_figure2.gif

Figure 2. Most global cited documents.

Most relevant sources

Based on Figure 3, The following are the journals that publish the most important documents: Journal Ethnopharmacology, founded in 1979 by Dr. Norman R. Farnsworth, is a leading journal in the field of etnopharmacology, focusing on traditional drug use by society worldwide. It has been indexed by Scopus since 1985, indicating its high quality and reputation in the scientific community. Published by Elsevier B.V., the journal has a strong presence in the etnopharmacology field, with a strong SCImago Journal Rank of 2.354 in 2022. The journal publishes various types of articles, including asli, literature review, single communication, and methodology, and covers various topics in ethnopharmacology, such as ethnopharmacology, drug biology activity, active identification, and traditional drug use.

438760de-4f63-41c6-be17-ac5abf4344fb_figure3.gif

Figure 3. Most relevant sources.

Journal Neurochemical Research is a scientific journal focused on neurochemistry, publishing articles on various aspects of neurochemistry, including molecular mechanisms, neurochemistry regulation, system development, and neurology. It aims to enhance our understanding of the function and properties of the nervous system through high-quality research. The journal has a Quartile Scopus level, making it a significant contribution to neurochemistry. It is published by [insert publisher name], has a solid reputation, and has a high SCImago Journal Rank (SJR value for 2022), indicating its significant contributions to neurochemistry. It also offers various types of articles, reviews, reviews, and reviews to promote research and development in neurochemistry.

Factorial map of the documents with the highest contributes

In Figure 4, the following is a factorial map of the documents with the highest contributions based on title. The most contributing document was that written by Wu L-K in the journal Phytomedicine Pada Tahun 2022 with the title Artemisia Leaf Extract Protects Against Neuron Toxicity by TRPML1 activation and Promoting Autophagy and Mitophagy Clearance in Both in vitro and in vivo Models of MPP+/MPTP-induced Parkinson’s Disease.7

438760de-4f63-41c6-be17-ac5abf4344fb_figure4.gif

Figure 4. Factorial map of the documents with the highest contributes based on the abstract.

Documents by author

Based on Figure 5, the most authors with 8 documents are Oh, M.S. with the title of the article: Triple herbal extract DA-9805 exerts a neuroprotective effect via amelioration of mitochondrial damage in experimental models of Parkinson’s disease.8 Mori Fructus improves cognitive and neuronal dysfunction induced by beta-amyloid toxicity through the GSK-3β pathway in vitro and in vivo.9 Sanguisorbae radix protects against 6- hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity by regulating NADPH oxidase and NF-E2-related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 expressions.10 Houttuyniae Herba protects rat primary cortical cells from Aβ -induced neurotoxicity via regulation of calcium influx and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.11 Dangguijakyak-san protects dopamine neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2, 3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity under postmenopausal conditions.12 Dangguijakyak-san, a medicinal herbal formula, protects dopaminergic neurons from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity.13 Protective effects of chunghyuldan against ROS-mediated neuronal cell death in models of parkinson’s disease.14 Evaluation of Samjunghwan, a traditional medicine, for neuroprotection against damage by amyloid-beta in rat cortical neurons.15

438760de-4f63-41c6-be17-ac5abf4344fb_figure5.gif

Figure 5. Documents by author.

The next most author with 6 documents is Kim, H.G. with the title of the article: Mori Fructus improves cognitive and neuronal dysfunction induced by beta-amyloid toxicity through the GSK-3β pathway in vitro and in vivo.9 Sanguisorbae radix protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity by regulating NADPH oxidase and NF-E2-related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 expressions.10 Dangguijakyak-san protects dopamine neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity under postmenopausal conditions.12 Dangguijakyak-san, a medicinal herbal formula, protects dopaminergic neurons from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity.13 Protective effects of chunghyuldan against ROS-mediated neuronal cell death in models of parkinson’s disease.14 Evaluation of Samjunghwan, a traditional medicine, for neuroprotection against damage by amyloid-beta in rat cortical neurons.15

The next most author with 4 documents is Lo, Y.C. with the title of the article: The Chinese herbal formula Liuwei dihuang protects dopaminergic neurons against Parkinson’s toxin through enhancing antioxidative defense and preventing apoptotic death.16 Berberine activates Nrf2 nuclear translocation and protects against oxidative damage via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent mechanism in NSC34 motor neuron-like cells.17 San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang protects against activated microglia- and 6-OHDA-induced toxicity in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells.18 Neuronal effects of 4-t-Butylcatechol: A model for catechol-containing antioxidants.19

Documents by country or territory

Based on Figure 6, China has the highest number of documents among all countries, 144 documents. Followed by South Korea with 30 documents, the United States with 13 documents, Taiwan with 12 documents, and India with 10 documents.

438760de-4f63-41c6-be17-ac5abf4344fb_figure6.gif

Figure 6. Documents by country or territory.

Documents by subject area

438760de-4f63-41c6-be17-ac5abf4344fb_figure7.gif

Figure 7. Documents by subject area.

Table 1. Documents by subject area.

TitleReference No.
Field of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Exploring the effect of Anshen Dingzhi prescription on hippocampal mitochondrial signals in single prolonged stress mouse model3
The molecular mechanisms of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) activity in signaling pathways: A comprehensive review20
Study on the neuroprotective effect of Zhimu- Huangbo extract on mitochondrial dysfunction in HT22 cells induced by Dgalactose by promoting mitochondrial autophagy21
Protective Effect of Quercetin against Paraquat-induced Brain Mitochondrial Disruption in Mice22
Evaluating the toxic mechanism of 1,2-diacetylbenzene in neural cells/tissues: The favorable impact of silibinin23
Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds for Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties24
Loganin alleviated cognitive impairment in 3×Tg-AD mice through promoting mitophagy mediated by optineurin25
Shikonin inhibits neuronal apoptosis via regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in the rat model of double-level chronic cervical cord compression26
Pterosin sesquiterpenoids from Pteris laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. protect cells from glutamate excitotoxicity by modulating mitochondrial signals27
Oridonin ameliorates caspase-9-mediated brain neuronal apoptosis in mouse with ischemic stroke by inhibiting RIPK3-mediated mitophagy28
Gastrodin and Gastrodigenin Improve Energy Metabolism Disorders and Mitochondrial Dysfunction to Antagonize Vascular Dementia29
Prevention of colistin-induced neurotoxicity: a narrative review of preclinical data30
Neuroprotective potential of Moringa oleifera mediated by NF-kB/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway: A review31
Effect of methylmercury on fetal neurobehavioral development: an overview of the possible mechanisms of toxicity and the neuroprotective effect of phytochemicals32
Norlignans and phenolics from genus Curculigo protect corticosterone-injured neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mitochondria pathway33
Inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation by MT101-5 is neuroprotective in mouse models of Parkinson's disease34
Aucubin promoted neuron functional recovery by suppressing inflammation and neuronal apoptosis in a spinal cord injury model35
Senegenin alleviates Aβ induced cell damage through triggering mitophagy36
Artemisia Leaf Extract protects against neuron toxicity by TRPML1 activation and promoting autophagy/mitophagy clearance in both in vitro and in vivo models of MPP+/MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease7
Research progress of Acanthopanax senticosus in prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases37
Pivotal regulatory roles of traditional Chinese medicine in ischemic stroke via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome38
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid induces ROS activation in NLRP3 inflammatory bodyinduced autophagy disorder in microglia and the protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide39
Antioxidative role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Parkinson's disease40
Emodin ameliorates antioxidant capacity and exerts neuroprotective effect via PKM2-mediated Nrf2 transactivation41
Therapeutic Effect of Buyang Huanwutang on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Rats from Perspective of Oxidative Stress42
Neuroprotective effects of a 40% ethanol extract of the black walnut bark (Juglans nigra L.)43
Ginsenoside Rd: A promising natural neuroprotective agent44
DA-9805 protects dopaminergic neurons from endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation45
The additive memory and healthspan enhancement effects by the combined treatment of mature silkworm powders and Korean angelica extracts46
Shen-Zhi-Ling oral liquid ameliorates cerebral glucose metabolism disorder in early AD via insulin signal transduction pathway in vivo and in vitro47
Protective effect of sargahydroquinoic acid against Aβ-evoked damage via PI3K/Akt mediated Nrf2 antioxidant defense system48
Activation of Nrf2 by methylene blue is associated with the neuroprotection against MPP induced toxicity via ameliorating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction49
Dengzhanxixin Injection Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment Through a Neuroprotective Mechanism Based on Mitochondrial Preservation in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke50
Danhong injection alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by improving intracellular energy metabolism coupling in the ischemic penumbra51
Serotonin and Melatonin: Plant Sources, Analytical Methods, and Human Health Benefits52
Garciesculenxanthone B induces PINK1- Parkin-mediated mitophagy and prevents ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in mice53
Neuroprotective effects of kukoamine A on 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's model through apoptosis and iron accumulation inhibition54
Mitochondrial connection to ginsenosides55
Nao-Fu-Cong ameliorates diabetic cognitive dysfunction by inhibition of JNK/CHOP/Bcl2- mediated apoptosis in vivo and in vitro56
Protection against acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by QiShenYiQi via neuroinflammatory network mobilization57
Modulation of key enzymes linked to Parkinsonism and neurologic disorders by Antiaris africana in rotenone-toxified rats58
Neuroprotective effects of Dendropanax morbifera leaves on glutamate-induced oxidative cell death in HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells59
Coniferyl ferulate exerts antidepressant effect via inhibiting the activation of NMDAR-CaMKIIMAPKs and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways60
Longzhibu disease and its therapeutic effects by traditional Tibetan medicine: Ershi-wei Chenxiang pills61
Ginseng protein protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration by inducing mitochondrial unfolded protein response in Drosophila melanogaster PINK1 model of Parkinson's disease62
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of cinnamic acid derivatives with synergetic neuroprotection and angiogenesis effect63
Effects of sulforaphane in the central nervous system64
Morphological control of mitochondria as the novel mechanism of Gastrodia elata in attenuating mutant huntingtin-induced protein aggregations65
Protective effect of dihydromyricetin on hyperthermia-induced apoptosis in human myelomonocytic lymphoma cells66
Phytotherapy in treatment of Parkinson’s disease: a review67
Protective effects of Centella asiatica on cognitive deficits induced by D-gal/AlCl via inhibition of oxidative stress and attenuation of acetylcholinesterase level68
Neuroprotective action of Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids on Paraquat intoxication in Drosophila melanogaster69
LGK974, a PORCUPINE inhibitor, mitigates cytotoxicity in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease by interfering with the WNT/β-CATENIN pathway70
Antioxidant effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on photoreceptor degeneration in the light-exposed mouse retina71
Pien-Tze-Huang protects cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in acute ischemic stroke rats72
Catalpol provides a protective effect on fibrillary Aβ -induced barrier disruption in an in vitro model of the blood–brain barrier73
Neuroprotective action of 4-Hydroxyisophthalic acid against paraquatinduced motor impairment involves amelioration of mitochondrial damage and neurodegeneration in Drosophila74
Neuroprotective effect of He-Ying-Qing-Re formula on retinal ganglion cell in diabetic retinopathy75
Neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 on paraquat-induced Parkinson's disease in experimental animals76
Gastrodia elata alleviates mutant huntingtin aggregation through mitochondrial function and biogenesis mediation77
Resveratrol attenuates oxidative damage through activating mitophagy in an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease78
Flavonoids and its neuroprotective effects on brain ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases79
Pluronic P85/F68 Micelles of Baicalein Could Interfere with Mitochondria to Overcome MRP2-Mediated Efflux and Offer Improved Anti-Parkinsonian Activity80
Puerarin may protect against Schwann cell damage induced by glucose fluctuation81
Jia-Jian-Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction reduces apoptosis induced by both mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum caspase12 pathways in the mouse model of Parkinson's disease82
Neuroprotective effects of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydoxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside from Polygonum multiflorum against glutamateinduced oxidative toxicity in HT22 cells83
Neuroprotection in glaucoma: Old and new promising treatments84
Shengmai injection attenuates the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced autophagy via modulation of the AMPK, mTOR and JNK pathways85
Geissoschizine methyl ether protects oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity in neurons through the 'Neuronal Warburg Effect'86
Protective effects of DJ-1 medicated Akt phosphorylation on mitochondrial function are promoted by Da-Bu-Yin-Wan in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-treated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells87
Neuroprotective Effects of Icariin on Brain Metabolism, Mitochondrial Functions, and Cognition in Triple-Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice88
Protective effects of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside in the MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease: Involvement of reactive oxygen species-mediated JNK, P38 and mitochondrial pathways89
Mori Fructus improves cognitive and neuronal dysfunction induced by beta-amyloid toxicity through the GSK-3β pathway in vitro and in vivo9
YGS40, an active fraction of Yi-Gan San, reduces hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells90
Neuroprotective effect of EGb761 and lowdose whole-body γ-irradiation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease91
Zuo-Gui and You-Gui pills, two traditional Chinese herbal formulas, downregulated the expression of NogoA, NgR, and RhoA in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis92
The Chinese herbal formula Liuwei dihuang protects dopaminergic neurons against Parkinson's toxin through enhancing antioxidative defense and preventing apoptotic death16
A Chinese medicine preparation induces neuroprotection by regulating paracrine signaling of brain microvascular endothelial cells93
Acorus tatarinowii Schott extract protects PC12 cells from amyloid-β induced neurotoxicity94
The novel tetramethylpyrazine bis-nitrone (TN-2) protects against MPTP/MPP -induced neurotoxicity via inhibition of mitochondrialdependent apoptosis95
Neuroprotective effects of Total Saikosaponins of Bupleurum yinchowense on corticosterone-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells96
Sanguisorbae radix protects against 6- hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity by regulating NADPH oxidase and NF-E2-related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 expressions10
Neuroprotective effect of calycosin on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats97
New insights into huperzine A for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease98
Activating mitochondrial regulator PGC-1α expression by astrocytic NGF is a therapeutic strategy for Huntington's disease99
Berberine activates Nrf2 nuclear translocation and protects against oxidative damage via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent mechanism in NSC34 motor neuron-like cells17
Neuroprotective activity of lavender oil on transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice100
Cryptotanshinone from Salviae miltiorrhizae radix inhibits sodium-nitroprusside-induced apoptosis in neuro-2 cells101
Houttuyniae Herba protects rat primary cortical cells from Aβ -induced neurotoxicity via regulation of calcium influx and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis11
Dangguijakyak-san protects dopamine neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity under postmenopausal conditions12
Standardized extracts of Bacopa monniera protect against MPP- and paraquat-induced toxicity by modulating mitochondrial activities, proteasomal functions, and redox pathways102
Adverse effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on rat cerebellar granule cell cultures103
Neuroprotective effect of oral S/B remedy (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Bupleurum scorzonerifolfium Willd) on iron-induced neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of rat brain104
Bacopa monnieri modulates endogenous cytoplasmic and mitochondrial oxidative markers in prepubertal mice brain105
Protective effect of panaxatriol saponins extracted from Panax notoginseng against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in vivo106
Dangguijakyak-san, a medicinal herbal formula, protects dopaminergic neurons from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity13
Neuroprotective effects of leonurine on ischemia/reperfusion-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in rat cerebral cortex107
Protective effects of chunghyuldan against ROS-mediated neuronal cell death in models of parkinson's disease14
The neuroprotective effects of tanshinone IIA on β-amyloid-induced toxicity in rat cortical neurons108
Evaluation of Samjunghwan, a traditional medicine, for neuroprotection against damage by amyloid-beta in rat cortical neurons15
Neuroprotective effect of modified Wu-Zi-Yan- Zong granule, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on CoCl2-induced PC12 cells109
Neuroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L. on focal ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury110
Plant derived omega-3-fatty acids protect mitochondrial function in the brain111
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) mediates leptin protection against MPP+ toxicity in neuronal cells.112
20(S)-Ginsenoside rg3, a neuroprotective agent, inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition pores in rat brain113
Protective effects of scutellarin against cerebral ischemia in rats: Evidence for inhibition of the apoptosis-inducing factor pathway114
Neuroprotection of ginsenoside Re in cerebral ischemia115
Neuronal effects of 4-t-Butylcatechol: A model for catechol-containing antioxidants19
The seed extract of Cassia obtusifolia offers neuroprotection to mouse hippocampal cultures116
Paraquat and maneb induced neurotoxicity117
Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on paraquat-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells118
Honokiol, a neuroprotectant against mouse cerebral ischaemia, mediated by preserving Na, K -ATPase activity and mitochondrial functions119
Effect of prepared Polygonum multiflorum on striatum extracellular acetylcholine and choline in rats of intracerebral perfusion with sodium azide120
Protocatechuic acid suppresses MPP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death in PC12 cells121
Progress in studies of huperzine A, a natural cholinesterase inhibitor from Chinese herbal medicine5
Protect effects of Qingkailing injection on mitochondrion membrane potential during injury induced by hypoxia-hypoglycemia and reoxygenation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons122
Protective effects of Shenmai injection on the delayed injury of the cerebral neurons in rat induced by intracerebral hemorrhage123
Effects of Tianzhi Keli on extracellular acetylcholine and catecholamine levels in striatum of rats with neuromitochondrial impairment124
Echinacoside rescues the SHSY5Y neuronal cells from TNFα-induced apoptosis125
Neuronal necrosis inhibition by insulin through protein kinase C activation126
Protective effects of schisanhenol against oxygen free radical induced injury of rat cerebral mitochondria and synaptosomes2
Field of Medicine
The molecular mechanisms of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) activity in signaling pathways: A comprehensive review20
Alpha-Asarone Ameliorates Neurological Dysfunction of Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic Rats in Both Acute and Recovery Phases via Regulating the CaMKII-Dependent Pathways127
Protective Effect of Quercetin against Paraquat-induced Brain Mitochondrial Disruption in Mice22
Oridonin ameliorates caspase-9-mediated brain neuronal apoptosis in mouse with ischemic stroke by inhibiting RIPK3-mediated mitophagy28
Notoginseng leaf triterpenes ameliorates mitochondrial oxidative injury via the NAMPTSIRT1/2/3 signaling pathways in cerebral ischemic model rats128
Aucubin promoted neuron functional recovery by suppressing inflammation and neuronal apoptosis in a spinal cord injury model35
Artemisia Leaf Extract protects against neuron toxicity by TRPML1 activation and promoting autophagy/mitophagy clearance in both in vitro and in vivo models of MPP+/MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease7
Research progress of Acanthopanax senticosus in prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases37
Disease-modifying treatment of Parkinson's disease by phytochemicals: targeting multiple pathogenic factors129
Therapeutic Effect of Buyang Huanwutang on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Rats from Perspective of Oxidative Stress42
Neuroprotective effects of a 40% ethanol extract of the black walnut bark (Juglans nigra L.)43
Ginsenoside Rd: A promising natural neuroprotective agent44
Soybean isoflavones protect SH-SY5Y neurons from atrazine-induced toxicity by activating mitophagy through stimulation of the BEX2/BNIP3/NIX pathway130
Shen-Zhi-Ling oral liquid ameliorates cerebral glucose metabolism disorder in early AD via insulin signal transduction pathway in vivo and in vitro47
Norwogonin attenuates hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells131
Korean red ginseng decreases 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced mitophagy in SH-SY5Y cells132
Dengzhanxixin Injection Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment Through a Neuroprotective Mechanism Based on Mitochondrial Preservation in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke50
Garciesculenxanthone B induces PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy and prevents ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in mice53
Neuroprotective effects of kukoamine A on 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's model through apoptosis and iron accumulation inhibition54
Nao-Fu-Cong ameliorates diabetic cognitive dysfunction by inhibition of JNK/CHOP/Bcl2- mediated apoptosis in vivo and in vitro56
Jisuikang Promotes the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury in Rats by Regulating NgR/RhoA/ROCK Signal Pathway133
Gandouling Tablets Inhibit Excessive Mitophagy in Toxic Milk (TX) Model Mouse of Wilson Disease via Pink1/Parkin Pathway134
Panax notoginseng for Cerebral Ischemia: A Systematic Review135
Curcumin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Through Regulating Mitophagy and Preserving Mitochondrial Function136
Acteoside ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through inhibiting peroxynitrite-mediated mitophagy activation137
Neuroprotective effects of Suhexiang Wan on the in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease138
Morphological control of mitochondria as the novel mechanism of Gastrodia elata in attenuating mutant huntingtin-induced protein aggregations65
Effects of Mitochondrial Dysfunction via AMPK/PGC-1 α Signal Pathway on Pathogenic Mechanism of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and the Protective Effects of Chinese Medicine139
Protective effect of dihydromyricetin on hyperthermia-induced apoptosis in human myelomonocytic lymphoma cells66
Pilose antler polypeptides ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress and improves gut microbiota in hypoxic-ischemic injured rats140
Danhong injection facilitates recovery of post-stroke motion deficit via Parkin-enhanced mitochondrial function141
Phytotherapy in treatment of Parkinson's disease: a review67
Isosteviol Sodium Protects Neural Cells Against Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis Through Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB Pathways142
The Effects of Icariin on Enhancing Motor Recovery Through Attenuating Pro-inflammatory Factors and Oxidative Stress via Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway in the Mice Model of Spinal Cord Injury143
Neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 on paraquat-induced Parkinson's disease in experimental animals76
Gastrodia elata alleviates mutant huntingtin aggregation through mitochondrial function and biogenesis mediation77
Therapeutic Potential and Effective Components of the Chinese Herb Gardeniae Fructus in the Treatment of Senile Disease144
Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction Reduced Mitophagy Activation and Improved Mitochondrial Function in Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury145
Preclinical and Potential Applications of Common Western Herbal Supplements as Complementary Treatment in Parkinson's Disease146
Puerarin may protect against Schwann cell damage induced by glucose fluctuation81
Humulus japonicus Prevents Dopaminergic Neuron Death in 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Models of Parkinson's Disease147
The Effects of Baicalin and Baicalein on Cerebral Ischemia: A Review148
Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Old and New Promising Treatments84
Angelica sinensis Exerts Angiogenic and Anti-apoptotic Effects Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Activating p38MAPK/HIF-1[Formula: see text]/VEGF-A Signaling in Rats149
Standardized Bacopa monnieri extract ameliorates acute paraquat-induced oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity in prepubertal mice brain150
Comparative Study on the Protective Effects of Salidroside and Hypoxic Preconditioning for Attenuating Anoxia-Induced Apoptosis in Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Cells151
Shengmai injection attenuates the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced autophagy via modulation of the AMPK, mTOR and JNK pathways85
Danhong injection attenuates cardiac injury induced by ischemic and reperfused neuronal cells through regulating arginine vasopressin expression and secretion152
Naoxintong Protects Primary Neurons from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Induced Injury through PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway153
Neuroprotective Effects of Icariin on Brain Metabolism, Mitochondrial Functions, and Cognition in Triple-Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice88
Discovery of a novel neuroprotectant, BHDPC, that protects against MPP+/MPTP-induced neuronal death in multiple experimental models154
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, a Promising Molecule for Parkinson's Disease?155
YGS40, an active fraction of Yi-Gan San, reduces hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells90
Neuroprotective effect of EGb761® and low-dose whole-body γ-irradiation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease91
The Protective Effect of Radix Polygoni Multiflori on Diabetic Encephalopathy via Regulating Myosin Light Chain Kinase Expression156
Neuroprotective effect of Shenfu Injection (参附注射液) following cardiac arrest in pig correlates with improved mitochondrial function and cerebral glucose uptake157
Protective effect of tanreqing injection on axon myelin damage in the brain of mouse model for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis158
The Chinese herbal formula Liuwei dihuang protects dopaminergic neurons against Parkinson's toxin through enhancing antioxidative defense and preventing apoptotic death16
Paeoniflorin attenuates Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction159
The novel tetramethylpyrazine bis-nitrone (TN-2) protects against MPTP/MPP+-induced neurotoxicity via inhibition of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis95
Osthole attenuates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury through mitochondrial biogenesis-independent inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction in rats160
New insights into huperzine A for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease98
Isoliquiritigenin isolated from licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons161
Decreased accumulation of subcellular amyloid-β with improved mitochondrial function mediates the neuroprotective effect of huperzine A162
San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang Protects against Activated Microglia- and 6-OHDA-Induced Toxicity in Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells18
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: pathogenesis and neuroprotection163
Neuroprotective effects of icariin on corticosterone-induced apoptosis in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons164
Bacopa monnieri modulates endogenous cytoplasmic and mitochondrial oxidative markers in prepubertal mice brain105
Toxicity of neurons treated with herbicides and neuroprotection by mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS31165
Leonurine protects middle cerebral artery occluded rats through antioxidant effect and regulation of mitochondrial function166
Parkinson's disease: mitochondrial molecular pathology, inflammation, statins, and therapeutic neuroprotective nutrition167
Mitochondrial morphogenesis, distribution, and Parkinson disease: insights from PINK1168
Protection by tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside against cerebral ischemia: involvement of JNK, SIRT1, and NF-κB pathways and inhibition of intracellular ROS/RNS generation6
Protective effects of scutellarin against cerebral ischemia in rats: evidence for inhibition of the apoptosis-inducing factor pathway114
Neuroprotection of ginsenoside Re in cerebral ischemia115
Modulation of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in PC12 cells by K (ATP) channel block169
Rosiglitazone protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against MPP+ induced cytotoxicity via inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production170
Protective effect of icaritin on apoptosis of primarily cultured rat neurons induced by Abeta25-35 peptide171
Effect of prepared Polygonum multiflorum on striatum extracellular acetylcholine and choline in rats of intracerebral perfusion with sodium azide120
Progress in studies of huperzine A, a natural cholinesterase inhibitor from Chinese herbal medicine5
Oxidative damage hypothesis of stress-associated aging acceleration: neuroprotective effects of natural and nutritional antioxidants172
Protect effects of Qingkailing injection on mitochondrion membrane potential during injury induced by hypoxia-hypoglycemia and reoxygenation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons122
Protective effects of shenmai injection on the delayed injury of the cerebral neurons in rat induced by intracerebral hemorrhage123
Effects of Tianzhi Keli on extracellular acetylcholine and catecholamine levels in striatum of rats with neuromitochondrial impairment124
Partial neuroprotective effect of pretreatment with tanshinone IIA on neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain damage173
Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 effects on mesencephalic dopaminergic cells stressed with glutamate174
Effects of NBP on ATPase and anti-oxidant enzymes activities and lipid peroxidation in transient focal cerebral ischemic rats175
Field Of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
The molecular mechanisms of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) activity in signaling pathways: A comprehensive review20
Eucommiae Folium and Active Compounds Protect Against Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Calcium Overload in Epileptic Hippocampal Neurons Through the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Pathway176
Shikonin inhibits neuronal apoptosis via regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in the rat model of double-level chronic cervical cord compression26
Gastrodin and Gastrodigenin Improve Energy Metabolism Disorders and Mitochondrial Dysfunction to Antagonize Vascular Dementia29
Notoginseng leaf triterpenes ameliorates mitochondrial oxidative injury via the NAMPT-SIRT1/2/3 signaling pathways in cerebral ischemic model rats128
Neuroprotective Effects of Ethanol Extract of Polyscias fruticosa (EEPF) against Glutamate-Mediated Neuronal Toxicity in HT22 Cells177
Jionoside A1 alleviates ischemic stroke ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting Nix-mediated mitophagy178
Phyllanthus emblica L. Regulates BDNF/PI3K Pathway to Modulate Glutathione for Mitoprotection and Neuroprotection in a Rodent Model of Ischemic Stroke179
Neuroprotective potential of Moringa oleifera mediated by NF-kB/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway: A review31
Sirtuin 3 Plays a Critical Role in the Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-like Effects of Kaempferol180
Artemisia Leaf Extract protects against neuron toxicity by TRPML1 activation and promoting autophagy/mitophagy clearance in both in vitro and in vivo models of MPP+/MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease7
Ellagic Acid: A Dietary-Derived Phenolic Compound for Drug Discovery in Mild Cognitive Impairment181
Mitochondria targeting fluorescent probe for MAO-A and the application in the development of drug candidate for neuroinflammation182
Targeting Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress Response in Traumatic Brain Injury: Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytochemicals183
Ginsenoside Rd: A promising natural neuroprotective agent44
Activation of Nrf2 by methylene blue is associated with the neuroprotection against MPP+ induced toxicity via ameliorating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction49
Oral Administration of Silibinin Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits of Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model by Restoring Mitochondrial Disorders in Hippocampus184
Role of Militarine in PM(2.5)-Induced BV-2 Cell Damage185
Neurotherapeutic Effect of Inula britannica var. Chinensis against H(2)O(2)-Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cortical Neurons186
Mitochondrial Protection and Against Glutamate Neurotoxicity via Shh/Ptch1 Signaling Pathway to Ameliorate Cognitive Dysfunction by Kaixin San in Multi-Infarct Dementia Rats187
The ZiBuPiYin recipe regulates proteomic alterations in brain mitochondria-associated ER membranes caused by chronic psychological stress exposure: Implications for cognitive decline in Zucker diabetic fatty rats188
Hyperglycemia alters lipid metabolism and ultrastructural morphology of cerebellum in brains of diabetic rats: Therapeutic potential of raffia palm (Raphia hookeri G. Mann & H. Wendl) wine189
Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology, Multimolecular Interactions, and Underlying Recovery Mechanisms4
Mitochondrial connection to ginsenosides55
Enhanced accumulation of reduced glutathione by Scopoletin improves survivability of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's model190
Modulation of key enzymes linked to Parkinsonism and neurologic disorders by Antiaris africana in rotenone-toxified rats58
Involvement of PARP-1/AIF Signaling Pathway in Protective Effects of Gualou Guizhi Decoction Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury-Induced Apoptosis191
δ-opioid receptor activation protects against Parkinson's disease-related mitochondrial dysfunction by enhancing PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy192
Salidroside Ameliorates Mitochondria-Dependent Neuronal Apoptosis after Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Partially through Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Promoting Mitophagy193
Novel Insight to Neuroprotective Potential of Curcumin: A Mechanistic Review of Possible Involvement of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and PI3/Akt/GSK3 or PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF Signaling Pathways194
Hydroxy-α-sanshool Possesses Protective Potentials on H2O2-Stimulated PC12 Cells by Suppression of Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis through Regulation of PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway195
Acteoside ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through inhibiting peroxynitrite-mediated mitophagy activation137
Morphological control of mitochondria as the novel mechanism of Gastrodia elata in attenuating mutant huntingtin-induced protein aggregations65
Protective effect of dihydromyricetin on hyperthermia-induced apoptosis in human myelomonocytic lymphoma cells66
Pilose antler polypeptides ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress and improves gut microbiota in hypoxic-ischemic injured rats140
Preventive and Therapeutic Effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) on Brain Injury196
Phytotherapy in treatment of Parkinson's disease: a review67
Ethanol Extract of Centipeda minima Exerts Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects via Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway197
The Effects of Icariin on Enhancing Motor Recovery Through Attenuating Pro-inflammatory Factors and Oxidative Stress via Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway in the Mice Model of Spinal Cord Injury143
Revealing the Inhibitory Effect of Ginseng on Mitochondrial Respiration through Synaptosomal Proteomics198
Gastrodia elata alleviates mutant huntingtin aggregation through mitochondrial function and biogenesis mediation77
Therapeutic Potential and Effective Components of the Chinese Herb Gardeniae Fructus in the Treatment of Senile Disease144
Flavonoids and its Neuroprotective Effects on Brain Ischemia and Neurodegenerative Diseases79
Paraquat-Induced Movement Disorder in Relation to Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neurodegeneration in the Brain of Drosophila melanogaster199
YiQiFuMai Powder Injection Protects against Ischemic Stroke via Inhibiting Neuronal Apoptosis and PKCδ/Drp1-Mediated Excessive Mitochondrial Fission200
The effects of Baicalin and Baicalein on cerebral ischemia: A review148
Neuroprotection in glaucoma: Old and new promising treatments84
Shengmai injection attenuates the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced autophagy via modulation of the AMPK, mTOR and JNK pathways85
Danhong injection attenuates cardiac injury induced by ischemic and reperfused neuronal cells through regulating arginine vasopressin expression and secretion152
Discovery of a novel neuroprotectant, BHDPC, that protects against MPP+/MPTP-induced neuronal death in multiple experimental models154
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, a Promising Molecule for Parkinson's Disease?155
Changes of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors in the penumbra area after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and effects of astragaloside IV on rats201
The Protective Effect of Radix Polygoni Multiflori on Diabetic Encephalopathy via Regulating Myosin Light Chain Kinase Expression156
Forsythiaside protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cell202
Protective effects of phillyrin on H2O 2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells203
The Chinese herbal formula Liuwei dihuang protects dopaminergic neurons against Parkinson's toxin through enhancing antioxidative defense and preventing apoptotic death16
Neuroprotection against Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis by Salvia miltiorrhiza extract in SH-SY5Y cells204
Celastrol protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from rotenone-induced injury through induction of autophagy205
Paeoniflorin, a natural neuroprotective agent, modulates multiple anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic pathways in differentiated PC12 cells206
Neuroprotective mechanisms of the standardized extract of Bacopa monniera in a paraquat/diquat-mediated acute toxicity207
Protective and antioxidant effect of Danshen polysaccharides on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats208
Action characteristics of traditional chinese medicine in treatment of alzheimer's209
Neuroprotective activity of lavender oil on transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice100
Doxorubicin-induced neurotoxicity is attenuated by a 43-kD protein from the leaves of Cajanus indicus L. via NF-κB and mitochondria dependent pathways210
Isoliquiritigenin isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis protects neuronal cells against glutamate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction211
Catuaba (Trichilia catigua) prevents against oxidative damage induced by in vitro ischemia-reperfusion in rat hippocampal slices212
Neuroprotective effects of icariin on corticosterone-induced apoptosis in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons164
Bacopa monnieri modulates endogenous cytoplasmic and mitochondrial oxidative markers in prepubertal mice brain105
Protective effects of the synthetic cannabinoids CP55,940 and JWH-015 on rat brain mitochondria upon paraquat exposure213
Prophylactic treatment with Bacopa monnieri leaf powder mitigates paraquat-induced oxidative perturbations and lethality in Drosophila melanogaster214
Preventive role of PD-1 on MPTP-induced dopamine depletion in mice215
Neuroprotection by natural polyphenols: molecular mechanisms216
Anti-convulsant effect and mechanism of Astragalus mongholicus extract in vitro and in vivo: protection against oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction217
Ginkgo biloba extract in Alzheimer's disease: from action mechanisms to medical practice218
Protection by tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside against cerebral ischemia: involvement of JNK, SIRT1, and NF-κB pathways and inhibition of intracellular ROS/RNS generation6
Peony glycosides protect against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells219
Protective effects of scutellarin against cerebral ischemia in rats: evidence for inhibition of the apoptosis-inducing factor pathway114
Neuroprotection of ginsenoside Re in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats115
Salvianolic acid B, an antioxidant from Salvia miltiorrhiza, prevents 6-hydroxydopamine induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells220
The seed extract of Cassia obtusifolia offers neuroprotection to mouse hippocampal cultures116
Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 effects on mesencephalic dopaminergic cells stressed with glutamate174
Neuronal necrosis inhibition by insulin through protein kinase C activation126
Protective effects of schisanhenol against oxygen free radical induced injury of rat cerebral mitochondria and synaptosomes2

Network visualization

438760de-4f63-41c6-be17-ac5abf4344fb_figure8.gif

Figure 8. Network visualization.

Based on Figure 8, it can be seen that the areas studied are still not related to other areas that are divided into edges. That field is: peptide fragment, peptide fragments, pc12 cell line, glucoside, proteins c-akt, antagonist and inhibitors, protein kinase, molecular docking, sequestosome 1, nissl staining, histology, mitochondrial respiration, brain infraction, histology, oxygen, isoflavones, bcl-2 associated x protein, membrane potential, blotting western, cell strain, flavonoid, brain edema, curcumin, pathogenesis, blood brain barrier, cell strain, blotting westen, inflammation, anti-inflammatory activity, neuroinflammation, neurotoxins, neurotoxin, Animalia, drug targeting, mptp poisoning, saponins, cyclooxygenase 2 and substantia nigra.

Overlay visualization of scopus, database using vosviewer

438760de-4f63-41c6-be17-ac5abf4344fb_figure9.gif

Figure 9. Overlay visualization of scopus, database using Vosviewer.

Based on Figure 9. In the overlay visualization, it appears that the keywords that are being researched a lot approaching 2020 are the parts colored yellow, namely: sequestosomoe 1, mitophagy, nissl staining, curcumin, astrocyte, anti-inflammatory activity, neuroinflammation, and Chinese herbal.

Density visualization

438760de-4f63-41c6-be17-ac5abf4344fb_figure10.gif

Figure 10. Density visualization.

Based on Figure 10. In the visual circulation density, it appears that the part that is already saturated with research is yellow, while the part that is not yet saturated is slightly yellow and dominantly green, namely keywords. : peptide fragment, peptide fragments, protein kinase, molecular docking, sequestosome 1, amyloid beta-peptides, ayloid beta protein, pc12cell line, glucoside, proto-oncogene proteins c-akt, cell damage, Chinese herb, glucose, mitophagy, nissl staining, apoptosis inducing factor, donepezil, brain cortex, oxygen, brain injury, histology, reperfusion injury, mitochondrial respiration, ischemia, protein kinase b, antagonist and inhibitors, isoflavones, bcl-2 associated x protein, blotting western, cell strain, rna messenger, herbicidesm neurotoxins, neurotoxin, mus, mptp poisoning, free radical scavengers, nerve degeneration, substantia nigra, levodopa, saponins, cyclooxygenase 2, drug targeting, animalia, plant root, ginsenosides, free radical, nerve growth factor, astrocyte, panax, anti-inflammatory activity, neuroinflammation, ginseng, dna damage, pathogenesis, vasculotropin, curcumin, multiple sclerosis, flavionoid, brain edema, gallic acid, brain infarction, and motor dysfunction.

Thematic map

438760de-4f63-41c6-be17-ac5abf4344fb_figure11.gif

Figure 11. Thematic map.

Based on Figure 11, Thematic map based on the title shows that the niche theme is the keyword mitochondria signaling pathway, effects neuroprotective effect, dan oxidative stres toxicity.

Thematic evolution

438760de-4f63-41c6-be17-ac5abf4344fb_figure12.gif

Figure 12. Thematic evolution.

Based on Figure 12. In Thematic evolution based on the title There appears to be a change in theme in research from 1998 to 2017. The keyword cell changes to mitochondria in the research theme in 2024.

Cluster analysis

Table 2. The result of cluster analysis.

HalClusterMost frequent wordKeyword
1Cluster 1Nonhuman
Neuroprotection
Unclassified drug		Animalia
Antiapoptotic activity
Antiinflammatory activity
Antiinflammatory agent
Antioxidant
Antioxidant activity
Antioxidants
Astragaloside iv
Astrocite
Autophagy
Autophagy (cellular)
Baicalein
Berberine
Biosynthesis
Blood brain barrier
Brain derived neurotrop
Brain edema
Brain mitochondrion
Brain nerve cell
Calcium iron
Catalase
Cell proliferation
Cerebral ischemia
China
Chinese medicine
Curcumin
Cyclooxygenase 2
Degenerative disease
Dna damage
Drug efficacy
Drug mechanism
Drug structure
Drug targeting
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum
Enzyme linked immune
Excitotoxicity
Flavonoid
Flavonoids
Fluorescence
Gene expression
Ginkgo biloba extract
Ginseng
Ginsenoside
Ginsenoside rb 1
Ginsenoside rg 1
Glutathione peroxidase
Heme oxygenase 1
Histopathology
Human
Humans
Huntington chorea
Hydrogen peroxide
Hypoxia inducible factor
Immunoglobulin enhance
Inducible nitric oxide s
Inflammation
Interleukin 1beta
Interleukin 6
Lipid peroxidation
Lipopolysaccharide
Liquid chromatography
Medicinal plant
Melatonin
Messenger rna
Microglia
Mitochondrial dna
Mitochondrial pernea
Mithocondrion swelling
Mrna expression level
Multiple sclerosis
Nerve growth factor
Nervous system inflamm
Neuroapoptosis
Neurodegenerative disease
Neuroinflammation
Neurologic disease
Neuronal apoptosis
Neuroprotection
Neuroprotective
Nf-e2-related factors
Nf-kappa b
Nonhuman (6877)
Norphenazone
Oxidative stress
Panax
Panax notoginseng
Pathogenesis
Pathophysiology
Phytotherapy
Polyphenol
Protein
Protein aggregation
Protein cleavage
Protein expression level
Quercetin
Real time polymerase ch
Reverse transcription pol
Review
Salvia miltiorrhiza
Saponins
Scutellaria baicalensis
Signal transduction
Spinal cord injury
Superoxide dismutase
Transcription factor nrf2
Treatment outcome
Tumor necrosis factor
Unclassified drug
Vasculotropin
2Cluster 2Article
Controlled study
Neuroprotective agents		1-methy-4-phenylpyrid
Alcohol
Animal cell
Antagonists and inhibitor
Apoptosis
Apoptosis regulataroy pr
Apoptosis regulataroy pro
Article (7371)
Bcl-2-associated x protein
Blotting, western
Calcium
Calcium cell level
Caspase 3
Caspase 9
Caspases
Cell culture
Cell damage
Cell death
Cell differentiation
Cell line
Cell line, tumor
Cell nucleus
Cell protection
Cell strain
Cell structure
Cell survival
Chemistry
Chinese herb
Concentration response
Controlled study)6751_
Cyclic amp responsive
Cytochrome c
Cytochromes c
Cytosol
Cytotoxicity
Dra fragmentation
Dose response relations
Down regulation
Drug cytotoxicity
Drug effects
Enzyme activeration
Enzyme inhibition
Enzyme phosphorylation
Flow cytometry
Gene expression regulat
Glucoside
Glucosides
Growth arrest and dna d
Human cell
Isoflavones
Isolation and purification
l-lactate dehydrogenase
lipocortin 5
map kinase signaling sy
membrane potentials
memory
Mitochondrial membran
Mitochondrial membran
Mitochondrial membran
Mitogen activated prote
Mitogen activated prote
Mitogen activated prote
Mpp+
Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma cell
Neuroblastoma cell line
Neuroprotective agents
Newborn
Nick and labeling
Micotinamide adenine d
Oxidopamine
Pc12 cell line
Pc12 cells
Phenol derivative
Phosphatidylinositol 3 k
Phosphatidylinositol 3-k
Phosphorylation
Plants, medicinal
Protein bax
Protein bcl 2
Protein bcl xl
Protein expression
Protein kinase b
Protein phosphorylation
Proto-oncogene protein
Proto-oncogene protein
Reactive oxygen metabo
Reactive oxygen species
Rna, messenger
Stress activated protein l
Toxicity
Tumor cell line
upregulation
3Cluster 3Animals
Mitochondria
Neuroprotective agent		Adenosine triphosphata
Adenosine triphosphate
Adult
Animal
Animal experiment
Animal model
Animal tissue
Animals
Apoptosis inducing fact
Brain
Brain cell
Brain cortex
Brain infarction
Brain infarction size
Brain ischemia
Brain protection
Brain tissue
Cell hypoxia
Cells, cultured
Cerebral cortex
Cerebral infarction
Cerebral ischemia reperf
Cerebrovascular accident
Chinese drug
Chinese medicinal form
Comparative study
Complication
Cytoplasm
Disease model
Disease models, animal
Dose response
Drug dose comparison
Drug effect
Drug evaluation, preclin
Drug megadose
Drugs, Chinese herbal
Energy metabolism
Enzymology
Free radicals
Gallic acid
Glucose
Herbaceous agent
High performance liquid
Histology
Immunofluorescence
Immunohistochemistry
Infarction, middle cere
Ischemia
Ischemic stroke
Low drug dose
Male
Malonaldehyde
Malondialdehyde
Medicine, chinse tradit
Metabolism
Middle cerebral artery
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Mitochondrial function
Mitochondrial respiration
Motor dysfunction
Motor performance
Nerve cell culture
Neurons
Neuroprotective agent
Oxygen
Physiology
Protein analysis
Protein secretion
Proteomics
Random allocation
Randomization
Rat
Rats
Rats, Sprague-dawley
Rats, wistar
Reperfusion injury
Sprague dawley rat
Stroke
Treatmen duration
Tunel assay
Western blotting
Wistar rat
4Cluster 4Enzyme activity
Mice
Neurotoxicity		1 methyl 4 phenylpyridi
1,2,3,6 tetrahydro 1 me
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3
Acetycholinesterase
Alpha synuclein
Alpha-synuclein
Animal behaviour
Antiparkinson agent
Bacopa monnieri
Behaviour, animal
C57bl mouse
Cell loss
Cerebellum
Corpus striatum
Disorders of mitochondri
Dopamine
Dopaminergic nerve cell
Dopaminergic neurons
Drosophila melanogaster
Embryo
Enzyme activity
Enzyme release
Female
Free radical
Free radical scavengers
Gluthahione
Herbal medicine
Herbicide
Herbicides
Immunocytochemistry
In vivo study
Levodopa
Locomotion
Mice
Mice, inbred c57bl
Mitochondrial diseases
Mouse
Mptp poisoning
Mus
Nerve cell degeneration
Nerve cell necrosis
Nerve degeneration
Neurodegeneration
Neurotoxicity
Neurotoxicity syndrome
Neurotoxin
Neurotoxins
Paraquat
Parkinson disease
Parkinson’s disease
Parkinsonian disorders
Parkinsonism
Peroxisome proliferatos
Plant extract
Plant extracts
Plant ieaf
Plant root
Pregnancy
Priority journal
Reduced nicotinamide a
Rotenone
Substantia nigra
Superoxide
Traditional Chinese med
Triterpenes
Tyrosine 3 monooxygen
Tyrosine 3-monooxygen
Ubdecarenone
5Cluster 5Mitochondrion
Nerve cell
In vitro study		Alzheimer disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Amyloid beta protein
Amyloid beta protein (1
Amyloid beta protein (25
Amyloid beta-peptides
Amyloid beta protein (2
Amyloid precursor protein
Beclin 1
Brain injury
Cognition
Cognitive defect
Cognitive dysfunction
Donepezil
Drug isolation
Genetics
Glutamic acid
Hippocampus
Immunobiotting
In vitro study
Lysosome
Memory disorder
Mitochondrial bigones
Mitochondrial dynamic
Mitochondrion
Mitophagy
Molecular docking
Morris water maze test
Mtt assay
N methyl dextro aspartic
Nerve cell
Nerve cell lesion
Nissl staining
Parkin
Pc12 cell line (pheochro
Peptide fragment
Peptide fragments
Protein kinase
Protein kinases
Protein localization
Sequestosome 1
Sh-sy6y cell line
Transmission electron m
Ubiquin protein ligase
Ultrastructure
6Cluster 6Rattus
Cytology
Mice, inbred icr		Cytology
Institute for cancer research mouse
Mice, inbred icr
Rattus

From Table 2 above, there are 6 clusters based on keywords.

Cluster 1, dominated by Nonhuman, Neuroprotection, and Unclassified drug

Cluster 2, dominated by Article, Controlled study, and Neuroprotective agents.

Cluster 3, dominated by Animals, Mitochondria, and Neuroprotective agent

Cluster 4, dominated by Enzyme activity, Mice, and Neurotoxicity

Cluster 5, dominated by Mitochondrion, Nerve cell and in vitro study

Cluster 6, dominated by Rattus, Cytology; and Mice, inbred icr

Qualitative analysis

Table 3. Natural agents herbs that function as neuroprotective mitochondria in Scopus-indexed journals:

Table 3. Natural agents herbs that function as neuroprotective mitochondria in Scopus-indexed journals.

TitleReference No.TitleReference No.
Anshen Dingzhi3Ginkgo biloba L20,67,91,118,218
Alpha-asarone127Zhimu-Huangbo21
Quercetin22,31Silibinin or Silymarin23,184
Ligusticum Wallichii Franchat221Eucommiae folium176
Loganin25Shikonin26
Pterosin27Oridonin28
Gastrodin29Notoginseng Leaf Triterpenes128
Polyphenols from Corallodiscus flabellata B. L. Burtt222Polyscias Fruticosa177
Jionoside A1178Phyllanthus embilica L.179
Moringa Oleifera31One Phenolic and three norlignan from genus Curculigo33
Sirtuin 3180Ethanolic extract of Genkwae Flos, Clematidis Radix, and Gastrodiae Rhizoma34
Aucubin35Senegenin (SEN) extracted from Polygala tenuifolia Willd36
Artemisia Argyi7Acanthopanax senticosus37
Ellagic acid181Lycium barbarum polysaccharide39,71
Emodin41Buyang Huanwutang42,153
Black Walnut Bark43Ginsenoside Rd44
Soybean isoflavones130Silkworm (Bombyx mori) and Korean angelica (KoAg; Angelica gigas Nakai)46
Shen-Zhi-Ling oral liquid (SZL)47Sargaquinoic acid, sargahydroquinoic acid (SHQA), and sargachromenol, from Sargassum serratifolium48
Norwogonin131Korean red ginseng132
Methylene Blue49Silibinin23,184
Dengzhanxixin injection50Danhong injection51,141,152
Militarine from Bletilla striata185Serotonin and melatonin52
Inula britannica var. Chinensis186Garciesculenxanthone B (GeB) from Garcinia esculenta53
Kaixin San (KXS)187Kukoamine A (KuA)54
ZiBuPiYin recipe188Raffia palm (Raphia hookeri)189
Ginsenosides44,55,106,113,135,174,198,223–226Nao-Fu-Cong56
Scopoletin190QiShenYiQi57
Antiaris africana58Astragaloside IV201,227
Dendropanax morbifera59Coniferyl ferulate60
Ershi-wei Chenxiang pills (ECP) or Aga Nixiu wan (gra1.gif), composed of 20 Tibetan medicines61Gualou Guizhi decoction191
Ginseng Total Protein62Jisuikang133
Gandouling (GDL) tablet134Curcumin30,67,79,136,194
Salidroside30,151,193Acteoside from medicinal herb Radix Rehmanniae137
Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp195Cinnamic acid63
Suhexiang Wan essential oil138Gastrodia elata29,65,77
Sulforaphane64Pilose antler polypeptides140
Dihydromyricetin66Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides39,71
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum, Lingzhi)196Ginseng44,55,62,93,106,113,128,132,135,174,198,223,224,226
Pien-Tze-Huang724-Hydroxyisophthalic acid (DHA-I), a novel bioactive molecule from the roots of Decalepis hamiltonii74
Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside extracted from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa73CoQ1076
He-Ying-Qing-Re Formula75Resveratrol3,78
Gastrodia elata29,65,77Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction145
Gardeniae fructus144green tea (Camellia sinensis), red wine (Vitis vinifera), arctic root (Rhodiola rosea), and dwarf periwinkle (Vinca minor)146
Flavonoid31,37,59,79,88,104,114,143,148,164,171,180,184,216Puerarin is one of the major active ingredients in Gegen81
Ginsenoside Rg1135,174,223,224Humulus japonicus147
Jia-Jian-Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction82YiQiFuMai (YQFM) powder injection200
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb83,89Angelica sinensis extract Dang Gui149
Baicalin and baicalein are flavonoids extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, forskolin and melatonin148Shengmai injection85
Bacopa monnieri105,150,214Da-Bu-Yin-Wan87
Geissoschizine methyl ether86Icariin component of traditional Chinese herbal medicine Epimedium88
Naoxintong capsule153Epigallocatechin-3-gallate component of Camellia sinensis155
Mori Fructus9,15Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761®)91,118,218
Yi-Gan San90Forsythia suspense202,203
Radix Polygoni Multiflori156Shenfu Injection157
Zuo-Gui pills (ZGPs) and You-Gui pills (YGPs)92Tanreqing injection158
Achyranthes bidentata Blume polypeptides228Tong Luo Jiu Nao injection93
Liuwei dihuang16Ginsenosides (G), berberine (B) and jasminoidin (J)225
Paeoniflorin from the Chinese herb Radix Paeoniae alba159Total Saikosaponins from Bupleurum yinchowense96
Acorus tatarinowii Schott94,127Magnolol from Magnolia officinalis229
Ginsenoside Rb1174,226Paeoniflorin from Paeony radix206
Sanguisorbae Radix extract10Osthole, from Cnidium monnieri (L.) cusson160
Celastrol from tripterygium wilfordii205Radix Astragali97
Extract of Bacopa monniera102,207Ganoderma lucidum (GaLu) extract99
Dansen polysaccharides (DSP)208Shenwu capsule and single herb extracts (Tetrahydroxy-stilbene glucoside, Cornel iridoid glycoside, Epimedium flavone and Icariin)209
Huperzine A5,98,162,230Salviae miltiorrhizae radix101
Berberine17,21,64,67,225,231Cajanus indicus (CI) protein210
Lavandula angustifolia Mill100Dangguijakyak-san12,13
Houttuynia cordata Thunb11Bacopa monniera102,207
Glycyrrhiza uralensis161,211San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXT), composed of Coptidis rhizoma, Scutellariae radix and Rhei rhizoma18
Trichilia catigua212Panaxatriol saponins from Panax notoginseng106
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Bupleurum scorzonerifolfium Willd104Chunghyuldan14
Icariin, an active natural ingredient from the Chinese plant Epimedium sagittatum maxim164Leonurine107,166
Herba Leonuri107,166Wu-Zi-Yan-Zong granule109
Samjunghwan (SJH) is a multi-herbal traditional medicine composed of Mori Fructus, Lycii Radicis Cortex, and Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba15Perilla frutescens seed oil111
Artemisia absinthium L110Astragalus mongholicus217
Polyphenols155,183,216,222Scutellarin (Scu) is the major active principle (flavonoid) extracted from Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz114
Total glycosides of peony219Cassia obtisufolia116
Honokiol, a component of the herb Magnolia officinalis, safflor yellow B119Icaritin171
Polygonum multiflorum6,83,89,120Alpinia (A.) oxyphylla121
Qingkailing injection122Tianzhi Keli124
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhiza Bge173Puerarin dari Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi232
Salvia miltiorrhiza101,108,173,204,208,220,233,234Cistanches salsa125
Ursolic acid from Souyang235Does not discuss natural agents specifically24,32,38,40,45,68–70,80,84,95,103,112,117,123,126,129,139,142,154,163,165,167–170,172,175,182,192,197,199,213,215,236–245

Word cloud

438760de-4f63-41c6-be17-ac5abf4344fb_figure13.gif

Figure 13. Word cloud.

Based on Figure 13. Word Cloud shows that the dominant word in the document is the word mitochondria, followed by oxidative stress, neuroprotection, Parkinson’s disease and apoptosis.

Discussion

Natural neurotropic agents refer to natural compounds that have the ability to affect the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. This compound has been widely researched in the context of medicine and brain fitness. Introduction to Natural Neurotropic Agents provides a basic understanding of these compounds and introduces their various effects on the function of mitochondria, which are vital organelles in cells.

Natural neurotropic agents can be defined as natural compounds that have neurotropic properties, namely the ability to influence the nervous system. The main characteristics of natural neurotropic agents include neuroprotective effects, improving cognition, improving mood, and improving nerve function at the cellular level. These compounds can come from natural sources such as plants, herbs, and other natural ingredients.

The role of natural neurotrophic agents on mitochondria is very important because mitochondria are the main energy source of cells and have a key role in nerve function. Natural neurotropic agents can influence mitochondrial function by increasing energy production, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, and protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage. Thus, these compounds can help maintain nerve health and prevent various neurodegenerative disorders.

Natural neurotropic agents have several advantages compared to chemical drugs in the treatment and care of nerves. First, these natural compounds tend to have fewer side effects and are safer to use in the long term. Second, natural neurotropic agents often target multiple biological pathways in the nervous system, providing a more holistic and comprehensive effect. Third, these natural compounds are generally easier to find and widely available on the market. Therefore, natural neurotropic agents offer an attractive and relevant alternative in the treatment and care of neurological conditions.

There are several natural neurotropic agents that are widely discussed in the Scopus reindex document. One of them is Panax notoginseng with ginsenoside. Research shows that the ginsenoside substance contained in Panax notoginseng has significant neurotrophic effects.93,106,128,135 Apart from that, Huperzine A is also a natural neurotropic agent, which is in great demand. Huperzine A has been shown to have neuroprotective properties and may improve cognition.5,98,162,230 Berberine, found in some plants such as cinnamon, is also of interest in neurotrophic studies. Berberine may protect mitochondria and reduce oxidative stress in the nervous system.17,21,64,67,225,231 Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, also has significant neurotrophic effects. Studies show that curcumin can protect nerve cells from oxidative damage and inflammation.30,67,79,136,194 Salvia miltiorrhiza and Artemisia have also been shown to have interesting and potential neurotrophic effects. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of action and potential uses of this natural neurotropic agent.101,108,173,204,208,220,233,234

Panax notoginseng with ginsenoside, humperzine A, berberine, curcumin, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Artemisia is a natural neurotrophic agent available on the market. Bibliometric research reveals that the availability of each of these natural ingredients has received great attention. Panax notoginseng with ginsenoside was found to have strong neurotropic properties and is able to affect mitochondria. Huperzine A is recognized for its ability to improve cognitive function and protect nerve cells. Berberine is known to have neuroprotective and antioxidant effects. Curcumin has significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Salvia miltiorrhiza has neurotrophic effects and protects mitochondria from oxidative stress, whereas Artemisia has promising neuroprotective potential. The availability of all these natural neurotropic agents on the market allows people to consume them and get the benefits proven by research.

Panax notoginseng with ginsenoside is one of the natural neurotropic agents available on the market. Bibliometric research shows that the availability of Panax notoginseng with a ginsenoside substance has received great attention. This natural ingredient has strong neurotropic properties and is able to affect mitochondria. Ginsenoside, the active compound contained in Panax notoginseng, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects and improve cellular signaling in mitochondria. The availability of Panax Notoginseng with Ginsenoside on the market allows people to use it as a natural medicine for brain and nervous system health93,106,128,135

Huperzine A is a natural neurotropic agent available on the market. Bibliometric research shows that the availability of Huperzine A has received great attention. This natural ingredient is recognized for its ability to improve cognitive function and protect nerve cells. Huperzine A works by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, thereby increasing acetylcholine levels and improving nerve signal transmission. With the availability of Huperzine A on the market, people can consume it as a supplement to improve memory and brain function naturally5,98,162,230

Berberine is one of the natural neurotropic agents available on the market. Bibliometric research shows that the availability of berberine has received great attention. This natural ingredient is known for its neuroprotective and antioxidant effects. Berberine works by inhibiting the activity of enzymes involved in inflammatory processes and oxidative stress in nerve cells. With the availability of berberine on the market, people can consume it as a natural medicine that is effective in protecting the brain and nervous system from damage17,21,64,67,225,231

Curcumin is one of the natural neurotropic agents available on the market. Bibliometric research shows that the availability of curcumin has received great attention. This natural ingredient has significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Curcumin works by inhibiting the activity of inflammatory molecules and reducing nerve cell damage due to oxidative stress. The availability of curcumin on the market allows people to use this natural ingredient as a supplement to maintain brain health and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases30,67,79,136,194

Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the natural neurotropic agents available on the market. Bibliometric research shows that the availability of Salvia miltiorrhiza has received great attention. This natural ingredient has neurotrophic effects and protects mitochondria from oxidative stress. Salvia miltiorrhiza extract has been shown to increase nerve cell growth, reduce inflammation, and protect mitochondria from damage. With the availability of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the market, people can use it as an effective natural medicine to improve brain health and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases101,108,173,204,208,220,233,234

Artemisia is one of the natural neurotropic agents available on the market. Bibliometric research shows that the availability of Artemisia has received great attention. This natural ingredient has promising neuroprotective potential. Artemisia contains active compounds that can protect nerve cells from oxidative damage and increase nerve cell growth. The availability of Artemisia on the market allows people to consume it as a natural medicine or supplement to maintain the health of the brain and nervous system7,110

This bibliometric research has highlighted a number of neurotrophic natural agents that have potential benefits in consumption. This study categorizes natural neurotrophic agents that are widely discussed in Scopus index documents, such as Panax Notoginseng with Ginsenoside, Huperzine A, Berberine, Curcumin, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Artemisia. This bibliometric research helps increase public attention to the importance of consuming this natural substance which has been proven to be beneficial in research. The results of this bibliometric research indicate that this topic is still new and has not been widely researched, but has the potential to overcome several problems such as neuroprotective effects, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial pathway signalling.

Currently, people are increasingly aware of the importance of natural neurotrophic agents in maintaining brain health and performance. The results of bibliometric research show that names such as Panax notoginseng with ginsenoside, Huperzine A, Berberine, Curcumin, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Artemisia receive quite high attention from the public. The existence of research that supports the benefits of these natural ingredients makes them the main preference as a safer and more natural alternative to medicine. Public attention to natural neurotrophic agents is growing, along with increasing awareness of the importance of brain health and a better quality of life.

Bibliometric research has revealed various benefits of natural neurotrophic agents based on qualitative and quantitative analysis. These studies show that Panax notoginseng with ginsenoside, humperzine A, berberine, curcumin, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Artemisia has neuroprotective effects and can reduce oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, this natural neurotrophic agent is also associated with improving cognitive function, improving mood, and protecting against mitochondrial damage. These benefits are scientifically proven through bibliometric research and make this natural ingredient a promising option for improving brain health and reducing the risk of neurological disorders.

Bibliometric research reveals significant implications for the use of natural neurotrophic agents. The results of this research provide a strong scientific basis to support the use of natural neurotrophic agents in maintaining brain health and treating neurological disorders. The implications of this research can help health experts in developing more effective and natural treatment strategies. Apart from that, people can also explore the benefits of this natural ingredient to improve their overall quality of life. Thus, the results of this bibliometric research provide a positive impetus for the use and utilization of natural neurotrophic agents in clinical practice and prevention of brain diseases.

Conclusion

Natural Agent Neurotropik is a natural substance that has the ability to influence the brain’s nervous system and peripheral nervous system. It has been extensively studied in the fields of medicine and veterinary medicine. Its main characteristics include neuroprotective effects, enhancing cognition, enhancing mood, and improving brain function on the cell level. It can be derived from various natural sources, such as herbs, spices, and herbal products.

Natural Agent Neurotropik has several advantages over other natural agents in terms of energy production, brain biogenesis, and neuroprotection. It is also more soluble and comprehensible than other biological agents. Some of the natural agents include Panax notoginseng with ginsenoside, Huperzine A, Berberine, Curcumin, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Artemisia.

The presence of these natural agents in the environment can help people consume them and benefit from the research. Ginsenosida, an active ingredient in Panax notoginseng, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects and improve brain function. Overall, Natural Agent Neurotropik is a valuable and relevant alternative to traditional medicine.

Author contribution

AYS conducts research, gathers data, performs statistical analysis, and produces discussions and conclusions. DAYS editing.

Ethical consideration

This study used secondary data retrieved from database that do not require approval from the Ethics Committee for research on humans. However, we followed the ethical principles recommended for analysis of this nature through respecting ideas and citations and referencing authors and their publications.

Data availability statement

Figshare: Natural agents that are neuroprotective against mitochondria: a bibliometric-based research mapping 1998–2024, from cells to mitochondria.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25921246.v1 246

Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0).

Open Science Framework: PRISMA-ScR checklist and flow chart: Natural agents that are neuroprotective against mitochondria: a bibliometric-based research mapping 1998–2024, from cells to mitochondria: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25940968.v1. 247

Software availability

VOSviewer software is an open-access tool that can be used as a cost-effective method for any scientometric analysis. 248

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YURISALDI SALEH A and Yogi Saputra DA. Natural agents that are neuroprotective against mitochondria: a bibliometric-based research mapping 1998–2024, from cells to mitochondria [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2024, 13:754 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151380.1)
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Brijesh Kumar Singh, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA 
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https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.166024.r314755
The study employed a systematic literature review to gather and analyze data on natural agents and their neuroprotective effects on mitochondria. The Scopus database was utilized with specific search terms, including "natural agents," "herb*," "neuroprotective," and "mitochondria." The collected data ... Continue reading
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Singh BK. Reviewer Report For: Natural agents that are neuroprotective against mitochondria: a bibliometric-based research mapping 1998–2024, from cells to mitochondria [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2024, 13:754 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.166024.r314755)
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    ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH, Neurology, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia
    23 Oct 2024
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    Thank you to the reviewers for their kindness in providing feedback and suggestions.

    Natural agents have compositional heterogeneity that can influence reproductive results across several studies. Consequently, it is ... Continue reading
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  • Author Response 23 Oct 2024
    ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH, Neurology, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia
    23 Oct 2024
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    Thank you to the reviewers for their kindness in providing feedback and suggestions.

    Natural agents have compositional heterogeneity that can influence reproductive results across several studies. Consequently, it is ... Continue reading
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    Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article:
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