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Data Note
Revised

Physiological and biological characterization of smokers with and without COPD

[version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
Previously titled: Data of physiological measurements and quality of life in subjects with mild to moderate COPD compared to asymptomatic current smokers, former smokers and never-smokers
Nveed Chaudhary1, Karsta Luettich1, Michael J. Peck1, [...] Elena Pierri1, Loyse Felber-Medlin1, Gregory Vuillaume
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2115-4562
1, Patrice Leroy1, Julia Hoeng1, Manuel C. Peitsch1
Nveed Chaudhary1, Karsta Luettich1, [...] Michael J. Peck1, Elena Pierri1, Loyse Felber-Medlin1, Gregory Vuillaume
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2115-4562
1, Patrice Leroy1, Julia Hoeng1, Manuel C. Peitsch1
PUBLISHED 07 Mar 2018
Author details Author details
OPEN PEER REVIEW
REVIEWER STATUS

This article is included in the Data: Use and Reuse collection.

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common inflammatory airway disease predominantly associated with cigarette smoking, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. According to the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines, spirometry is used to diagnose the disease. However, owing to its complexity, spirometry alone may not account for the multitude of COPD phenotypes or the early, asymptomatic lung damage seen in younger smokers. In addition, suitable biomarkers enabling early diagnosis, guiding treatment and estimating prognosis are still scarce, although large scale ‘omics analyses have added to the spectrum of potential biomarkers that could be used for these purposes.
The aim of the current study was to comprehensively profile patients with mild-to-moderate COPD and compare the profiles to i) a group of currently smoking asymptomatic subjects, ii) a group of healthy former smokers, and iii) a group of healthy subjects that had never smoked. The assessment was conducted at the molecular level using proteomics, transcriptomics, and lipidomics and complemented by a series of measurements of traditional and emerging indicators of lung health (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01780298). In this data note, we provide a comprehensive description of the study population’s physiological characteristics including full lung function, lung appearance on chest computed tomography, impulse oscillometry, and exercise tolerance and quality of life (QoL) measures.

Keywords

COPD, lung function, gas transfer, impulse oscillometry, lung sound analysis, biomarker

Corresponding author: Gregory Vuillaume
Competing interests: NIC, KL, MJP, EP, LFM, GV, PL, MCP and JH are full-time employees of Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris International. KL, MJP, EP, LFM, GV, PL, MCP and JH declared no other potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. NIC discloses royalties related to the sales of OFEV (nintedanib; Boehringer Ingelheim), which is marketed for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Grant information: Philip Morris International was the sole source of funding for this study.
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Copyright:  © 2018 Chaudhary N et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero "No rights reserved" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).
How to cite: Chaudhary N, Luettich K, Peck MJ et al. Physiological and biological characterization of smokers with and without COPD [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. F1000Research 2018, 6:877 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11698.2) First published: 13 Jun 2017, 6:877 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11698.1) Latest published: 07 Mar 2018, 6:877 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11698.2)

Revised Amendments from Version 1

Following the suggestions of reviewers, the title of the article was modified and a table of summary statistics provided (Dataset 9).

See the authors' detailed response to the review by David Mannino
See the authors' detailed response to the review by Amany F. Elbehairy

Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation and is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles and gases. Globally, airflow obstruction can be seen in approximately 25% of adults aged 40 and over1, and the prevalence of COPD is on the rise worldwide, leading to predictions of COPD becoming the third leading cause of death by 20302.

The clinical assessment of a patient with suspected obstructive lung disease relies on symptoms such as shortness of breath and persistent cough, medical history, history of risk factors (e.g. cigarette smoking) and spirometry. The latter, based on the latest recommendations of the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines (www.goldcopd.org), is required for confirming a COPD diagnosis in case of a post-bronchodilator ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second over forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) of less than 0.7 or 70%. The efforts of GOLD to simplify the diagnosis of COPD to a single repeatable test that uses inexpensive equipment in the physician’s office have proved critical and invaluable in the day-to-day diagnosis and management of the disease. However, it has become clear that COPD is a very complex, heterogeneous disease consisting of a multitude of different phenotypes and syndromes, even among subjects with a similar degree of airflow limitation, and with highly variable rates of progression3. Spirometry alone may also not be sufficiently sensitive to account for early lung damage that remains asymptomatic, particularly in the younger smoker4. Moreover, airflow obstruction does not correlate well with clinical outcomes such as frequency of exacerbations and mortality5. It is not surprising then that pharmacological interventions are rather modestly successful and long-term, positive patient-centric outcomes are infrequently achieved6. Similarly, and although our mechanistic understanding of COPD pathophysiology is ever-increasing, the identification of suitable biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease is still lagging behind compared to other areas of clinical research7. However, these gaps in our knowledge have long been recognized and were recently highlighted as key areas for further research, together with recommendations for how to address them6. In addition, there is a clear call for the application of novel, sophisticated approaches to precision medicine to aid in answering some of these questions7.

The study that we conducted was designed with at least some of these aspects in mind, aimed at the identification of a biomarker or a panel of biomarkers for the differentiation of subjects with mild to moderate COPD, current smokers, former smokers and never-smokers, using gene and protein expression analyses in various biological samples together with the assessment of traditional and emerging indicators of lung health. In this data note, we provide a comprehensive description of the study population and their physiological characteristics, including full lung function, lung appearance on chest computed tomography, impulse oscillometry, exercise tolerance and different quality of life measures. We also introduce lung sound analysis (stethographics) as a potential approach to identify subjects with subclinical disease that would be missed by considering spirometry outcomes on their own.

The results of proteomics and lipidomics analyses were published here8 and here9, and transcriptomics results are currently in press10.

Materials and methods

This study used a parallel-group, case-controlled study design to assess a number of established and potentially novel biomarkers in smokers with COPD and in various control populations (never-smokers, former smokers, and asymptomatic current smokers). In this data note, we provide data of physiological measurements and quality of life (QoL) for the 240 subjects who completed the study. Following approval from a UK National Health Service (NHS) Ethics Committee (The Black Country Ethics Committee), the study was conducted as a single center study in strict compliance with Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines.

The study has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier NCT01780298 (trial registration date: 21 January 2013).

Potentially suitable subjects were identified for inclusion into the study via the study center’s database and by media advertising. Subjects of both genders (41–70 years old) were enrolled in this study, starting with the COPD study group. Never-smokers, former and current smokers were then enrolled aiming to match the subjects with COPD by age (±5 years), ethnicity, and gender. The smoking history of all smoking subjects was at least 10 pack-years. Former smokers had to have quit smoking at least one year prior to the study. Subjects that discontinued participation (for medical or personal reasons) were replaced.

Additional information regarding the recruitment process, including inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study and information regarding withdrawal or removal of subjects are provided in the Supplementary Material (sections S1 to S3).

The study comprised a maximum of 5 out-patient visits to the study center. The initial visit served to inform the potential participant about the study and the potential risks as well as to obtain informed consent. Once informed consent was obtained, subject screening including recording of demographic data, vital signs, weight and height, determination of medical and surgical history, physical examination, and measurement of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) took place. Further, a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), laboratory assessments and urinalysis were performed. Females of childbearing potential underwent a serum pregnancy test, and all subjects underwent alcohol breath test, plasma cotinine test and a drugs of abuse test. Smokers were provided with information about smoking cessation. Finally, subjects were asked to provide ≥0.1 g of sputum sample. For subjects identified as having COPD based on screening assessments and who had their diagnosis documented by the investigator, the subject’s general practitioner was notified in writing of the assessment results and clinical conclusions. This first visit was followed by visits 1a or 1b to give subjects another opportunity to produce an adequate sputum sample and to reassess non-smokers previously deemed ineligible based on sputum neutrophil counts, respectively.

At visit 2 and prior to all other procedures, eligibility was reassessed and the questionnaires were completed. Vital signs and differential fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) were recorded; full lung function including transfer factor (carbon monoxide diffusing capacity [TLCO]) and exhaled breath temperature (EBT) were measured, and subjects were asked to undergo impulse oscillometry (IOS) and computerized multichannel lung sounds analysis (stethographics). In addition, during this visit, induced sputum, blood, and nasal samples were collected for subsequent analysis of inflammatory markers and ‘omics including transcriptomics, proteomics and lipidomics.

During visit 3, subjects underwent a high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) lung scan and cardio-pulmonary exercise testing with an electronically braked cycle ergometer. Twelve-lead ECG, vital signs and physical examination were performed before and after the exercise test.

Assessments at visit 4 included measurement of vital signs, differential FENO, full lung function, IOS, stethographics, EBT, nasal sampling, and sputum induction.

A follow-up telephone call approximately 3 to 10 days after visit 4 concluded the study, and a summary letter was sent to their general practitioner by the investigator. Throughout the study, smokers received smoking cessation advice, and any adverse events (AEs) were recorded.

The full schedule of events is provided in the Supplementary Material (section S4).

The summary of the study enrolment and recruitment success, as well as a summary of the samples collected from each of the 240 subjects and the physiological and clinical measurements that were taken are depicted in Figure 1, following the 2010 Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines11.

b3a9240d-608c-49c2-8ccb-d079cb3f70e3_figure1.gif

Figure 1. CONSORT flow diagram of the progress through the phases of this study (i.e. enrolment, allocation, visits/measurements, and data analysis).

Full lung function

Spirometry was performed pre- and post-bronchodilator administration in all subjects at visit 1 to meet ATS/ERS criteria12. Predicted values for FEV1 and FVC were calculated according to the formula of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)13.

The multiple-breath inert gas washout (helium dilution) technique measuring the functional residual capacity (FRC) of the lungs was employed to determine lung volume. The subjects were asked to breathe normally into a closed circuit spirometer connected to a re-breathing bag filled with 9% helium and 21% oxygen. After tidal breathing, subjects performed an expiratory reserve volume (ERV) maneuver over the next 30 seconds, and a trend of the helium wash-in curve and the helium value was obtained.

For gas transfer measurements, after a few tidal breaths, each subject was asked to take a breath in and then exhale as far as possible, continuing until they felt that the lungs were completely empty. This maximal exhalation was considered the residual volume (RV). The subject was then asked to inhale as far as possible which estimated at least 90% of the subject’s vital capacity (VC) followed by holding their breath for 10 seconds without straining. Finally, the subjects were asked to exhale as far as possible. On completion of the maneuver, the subject was allowed to rest for at least 4 minutes and remain seated before repeating the test at least twice.

Impulse oscillometry

IOS was performed twice during the study, at visits 2 and 4. The subject was asked to put the mouthpiece between his/her teeth and to keep their lips firmly sealed around the mouthpiece and breathe normally while wearing a nose-clip and sitting upright with his/her head straight or slightly extended. Once the subject’s breathing baseline was established, measurements were recorded up to 90 seconds.

Computerized multichannel lung sound analysis (Stethographics)

Stethographics analysis was performed at visits 2 and 4, using the 16-channel lung sound analyzer system STG1602 (Stethographics, Boston, MA, USA) following the supplier’s recommendations14. Lung sound data were obtained from a normal deep-breathing protocol (pattern 1; P1), cough recording at FVC, and an intermediate deeper-than-normal breath pattern (pattern 2; P2). Each breath pattern was recorded for a minimum of 30 seconds allowing 3 to 6 breaths to be taken, with measurements completed over 3 to 4 minutes. Measurements were taken in a quiet room to minimize the likelihood of movement artefacts and ambient noise and analyzed using the proprietary stethographics software. Each of the 16 parameters derived from one measurement were evaluated and a score from 0 to 10 was assigned based on the value of the individual parameter. The total standard Acoustic COPD Score (ACOPDS) was calculated as the sum of the individual score for each parameter. The maximum score for each parameter was 10; therefore, the maximum possible ACOPDS for each subject was 160.

High-resolution computerized tomography

Chest scans were obtained using a 64-slice Discovery VCT scanner (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK) without contrast medium. Scan duration was less than 5 minutes, including positioning the subject. When the subject was acclimatized in a supine position on the CT scanner table, they were instructed on use of the breath-holding procedure required for the scan. A standard HRCT scan of the chest was acquired at 1.25 mm slices every 10 mm on inspiration. Any deviation from standard CT scan parameters was recorded. CT scans were assessed separately by 2 radiologists who were blinded to the subjects’ details and study group assignments. Each HRCT scan was analyzed within 24 hours, and any abnormalities including lung nodules and extrathoracic abnormalities, were reported. A scoring system was applied to grade the various features visible on the scans15–18:

  • 1.  Extent of disease: Emphysema was defined as areas of decreased attenuation, usually without discrete walls, and of non-uniform distribution causing permeative destruction of lung parenchyma. The extent of emphysema was estimated visually to the nearest 5%. The mean figure was taken as the extent of emphysema. The following score was used: 0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe, 4 = very severe.

  • 2.  Severity of bronchial dilatation was measured in morphologically normal lung and graded semi-quantitatively by comparison with the homologous pulmonary artery. The scores assigned were: 0 = none; 1 = mild (1.5x to 2.5x diameter of pulmonary artery); 2 = severe (>2.5x diameter of pulmonary artery).

  • 3.  Traction bronchiectasis was defined as bronchial dilatation within areas of reticular pattern and was graded by comparison with the homologous pulmonary artery using the same scoring system as for severity of bronchial dilatation.

  • 4.  A total bronchiectasis score was derived by adding up the severity of bronchial dilatation and traction bronchiectasis scores.

  • 5.  Bronchial wall thickening was graded as follows: 0 = none; 1 = 0.5x; 2 = 0.5-1x; or 3 = >1x the diameter of the adjacent pulmonary artery.

  • 6.  Small airways disease was defined as areas of decreased attenuation associated with a reduction in the number and caliber of pulmonary vessels, but without vascular distortion that is seen in centrilobular emphysema17. The extent of decreased attenuation ascribable to small airways disease was estimated visually to the nearest 5% and scored as follows: 0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe and 4 = very severe.

  • 7.  The total COPD score was derived from the means of the component scores.

Cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance test

The cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance test following the modified Bruce protocol19 was conducted at visit 3 by a clinical physiologist. All phases of the exercise test were completed if possible and if the subject did not experience clinically significant findings or significant fatigue. Maximal oxygen uptake or VO2max was recorded.

Questionnaires

All subjects completed three questionnaires during the study: 1) A general questionnaire considering education, lifestyle, smoking history and family history of disease; 2) the SF-36 questionnaire - a multi-purpose, short-form QoL health survey20; and 3) the modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) Dyspnoea Scale, a self-grading scale of the degree of breathlessness during activities. The MMRC Dyspnoea Scale uses a simple grading system to assess a subject’s level of dyspnoea (shortness of breath)21. Subjects were asked to grade the degree of breathlessness during activities by choosing one of the following:

  • 1.  Not troubled by breathlessness except on strenuous exercise.

  • 2.  Short of breath when hurrying or walking up a slight hill.

  • 3.  Walks slower than contemporaries on the level because of breathlessness, or has to stop for breath when walking at own pace.

  • 4.  Stops for breath after about 100 meters or after a few minutes on the level.

  • 5.  Too breathless to leave the house, or breathless when dressing or undressing.

Modified BODE Index

The modified BODE (mBODE) index was derived from the BMI (B), the degree of airflow obstruction indicated by FEV1 % predicted (O), functional dyspnea as measured by the MMRC Dyspnoea Scale (D), and exercise capacity reflected by VO2max (E)22,23, and scored based on the following matrix (Table 124):

Table 1. Scoring matrix for the modified BODE index24.

0123
FEV1% Pred>6550-6436-49<35
VO2max>2520-2515-20<15
MMRC Dyspnoea Scale0–1234
BMI>21<21

MatchIDUSUBJIDARMCDGOLD_StageAGESEXPACK_YEARCigByDay
10011001COPDGOLD 256M117.550
10021002COPDGOLD 149M106.25
10031003COPDGOLD 262M5220
10041004COPDGOLD 259M188
10051005COPDGOLD 155M6820
10061006COPDGOLD 170M27.1810
10071007COPDGOLD 267F10440
10081008COPDGOLD 260M66.510
10091009COPDGOLD 165M15.757
10101010COPDGOLD 270F5520
10111011COPDGOLD 147M52.530
10121012COPDGOLD 257F58.510
10131013COPDGOLD 260F5525
10141014COPDGOLD 146M33.7525
10151015COPDGOLD 155M3720
10161016COPDGOLD 253F22.212
10171017COPDGOLD 148M3020
10181018COPDGOLD 164F4820
10191019COPDGOLD 251F28.297.14
10201020COPDGOLD 250M1710
10211021COPDGOLD 248M4025
10221022COPDGOLD 255M30.3715
10231023COPDGOLD 264M5220
10241024COPDGOLD 159F2320
10251025COPDGOLD 251F3520
10261026COPDGOLD 263M6025
10271027COPDGOLD 157F4120
10281028COPDGOLD 155F2412
10291029COPDGOLD 155M8440
10301030COPDGOLD 243F4530
10311031COPDGOLD 265F32.515
10321032COPDGOLD 256M5730
10331033COPDGOLD 264M10.56
10341034COPDGOLD 158F58.530
10351035COPDGOLD 149M2010
10361036COPDGOLD 146F3020
10371037COPDGOLD 165M5020
10391039COPDGOLD 159M4320
10401040COPDGOLD 165F5020
10411041COPDGOLD 258F4020
10421042COPDGOLD 262M9240
10431043COPDGOLD 262F4020
10441044COPDGOLD 261F3315
10451045COPDGOLD 255F6030
10461046COPDGOLD 166F56.122
10471047COPDGOLD 259M4720
10481048COPDGOLD 143M3020
10491049COPDGOLD 162F39.520
10501050COPDGOLD 266M5020
10511051COPDGOLD 265F42.515
10521052COPDGOLD 159M4720
10531053COPDGOLD 151M22.515
10551055COPDGOLD 264M5020
10561056COPDGOLD 144M18.7512.5
10571057COPDGOLD 160F4520
10581058COPDGOLD 155M8440
10591059COPDGOLD 257F5025
10601060COPDGOLD 156M7040
10611061COPDGOLD 168M52.0720
10621062COPDGOLD 249M1510
10062001EXSMK66M1520
10022002EXSMK46M1812
10482003EXSMK45M17.2515
10032004EXSMK64M4640
10182005EXSMK61F1910
10252006EXSMK49F3040
10282007EXSMK50F1815
10332008EXSMK68M4620
10082011EXSMK64M168
10302012EXSMK42F1820
10362013EXSMK43F2320
10452014EXSMK51F2815
10352015EXSMK44M2520
10212016EXSMK49M5840
10392018EXSMK64M43.7525
10042019EXSMK54M1620
10532020EXSMK51M2820
10422021EXSMK59M2520
10462022EXSMK64F2620
10112023EXSMK51M2820
10202024EXSMK55M41.7530
10562025EXSMK48M2120
10522026EXSMK56M3320
10342027EXSMK56F2520
10272028EXSMK52F3120
10492029EXSMK58F1520
10222030EXSMK53M1420
10402031EXSMK62F46.2525
10092032EXSMK68M2220
10412033EXSMK54F2240
10472034EXSMK57M1020
10192035EXSMK55F2020
10262036EXSMK60M19.515
10052037EXSMK57M7040
10122038EXSMK53F11.510
10432039EXSMK57F3520
10552040EXSMK60M17.510
10322041EXSMK52M3320
10292042EXSMK53M2420
10162043EXSMK55F3220
10132044EXSMK56F1520
10612045EXSMK70M5550
10602046EXSMK58M22.530
10012047EXSMK52M3520
10582048EXSMK51M3630
10172049EXSMK49M2020
10502050EXSMK64M2220
10232051EXSMK60M22.530
10512052EXSMK63F3420
10372054EXSMK65M33.7525
10072055EXSMK64F3520
10312056EXSMK66F1215
10622057EXSMK48M7050
10572058EXSMK63F3120
10142059EXSMK50M3120
10242060EXSMK61F2320
10442061EXSMK65F4320
10592062EXSMK60F4120
10102063EXSMK69F10.55
10152064EXSMK55M1120
10113001SMOKR45M3114
10013002SMOKR54M4020
10053003SMOKR53M29.616
10043004SMOKR57M4120
10073005SMOKR62F4520
10523006SMOKR55M53.7525
10033007SMOKR57M3520
10303008SMOKR45F23.315
10223009SMOKR51M3520
10213010SMOKR44M23.2515
10023011SMOKR46M2112.5
10193012SMOKR51F3620
10433013SMOKR58F4320
10173014SMOKR43M2820
10093015SMOKR63M2310
10233016SMOKR63M21.78
10083017SMOKR60M5120
10333018SMOKR63M6440
10183019SMOKR64F22.510
10253020SMOKR48F2115
10263021SMOKR62M7530
10243022SMOKR55F15.510
10293023SMOKR52M3520
10363024SMOKR43F2520
10343025SMOKR54F6030
10573026SMOKR55F6030
10423028SMOKR59M5424
10323029SMOKR52M3610
10373030SMOKR60M1510
10493031SMOKR59F3020
10503032SMOKR65M21.97
10393033SMOKR60M4020
10463034SMOKR64F173.5
10063035SMOKR68M2610
10143036SMOKR49M25.515
10153037SMOKR52M15.510
10203039SMOKR51M48.7525
10473040SMOKR60M2210
10413041SMOKR53F52.530
10403042SMOKR60F35.2515
10483043SMOKR41M1410
10513045SMOKR64F3915
10133046SMOKR55F37.525
10453047SMOKR50F3720
10533049SMOKR49M13.718.57
10593050SMOKR52F2010
10443051SMOKR62F26.2515
10163052SMOKR50F10.31
10553053SMOKR65M21.37512
10603054SMOKR53M18.9212.5
10613055SMOKR66M4920
10103056SMOKR68F3630
10283058SMOKR50F55.530
10123059SMOKR51F3215
10353060SMOKR48M23.2515
10313061SMOKR65F32.315
10583062SMOKR56M3920
10623063SMOKR51M56.3827.5
10563064SMOKR45M2320
10273065SMOKR55F25.212
10114002NSMKR47M00
10524003NSMKR54M00
10054004NSMKR51M00
10134005NSMKR58F00
10414006NSMKR53F00
10204007NSMKR49M00
10304008NSMKR41F00
10404009NSMKR60F00
10284010NSMKR50F00
10034011NSMKR62M00
10444012NSMKR57F00
10104013NSMKR65F00
10084014NSMKR65M00
10174015NSMKR44M00
10554016NSMKR61M00
10184017NSMKR60F00
10584018NSMKR55M00
10224019NSMKR53M00
10094020NSMKR60M00
This is a portion of the data; to view all the data, please download the file.
Dataset 1.Demographics.
List of all unique study subject IDs (USUBJID) and demographic information including sex, age, COPD GOLD stage (if any), cigarette consumption (expressed as pack-years and cigarettes per day), study group (ARMCD), and the matching ID (MATCHID) allowing the pairing of control subjects to their ‘matched’ COPD subject.

USUBJIDTESTSTRESNSTRESUVISITNUM
1001BODY MASS INDEX29.8kg/m21
1001DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE85mmHg1
1001HEART RATE66bpm1
1001RESPIRATION RATE11bpm1
1001SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE138mmHg1
1002BODY MASS INDEX24.4kg/m21
1002DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE92mmHg1
1002HEART RATE63bpm1
1002RESPIRATION RATE14bpm1
1002SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE130mmHg1
1003BODY MASS INDEX21.1kg/m21
1003DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE87mmHg1
1003HEART RATE62bpm1
1003RESPIRATION RATE16bpm1
1003SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE147mmHg1
1004BODY MASS INDEX32.2kg/m21
1004DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE89mmHg1
1004HEART RATE72bpm1
1004RESPIRATION RATE11bpm1
1004SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE138mmHg1
1005BODY MASS INDEX31.5kg/m21
1005DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE79mmHg1
1005HEART RATE61bpm1
1005RESPIRATION RATE14bpm1
1005SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE121mmHg1
1006BODY MASS INDEX24.9kg/m21
1006DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE80mmHg1
1006HEART RATE78bpm1
1006RESPIRATION RATE19bpm1
1006SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE139mmHg1
1007BODY MASS INDEX30.3kg/m21
1007DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE58mmHg1
1007HEART RATE75bpm1
1007RESPIRATION RATE11bpm1
1007SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE103mmHg1
1008BODY MASS INDEX24.8kg/m21
1008DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE72mmHg1
1008HEART RATE64bpm1
1008RESPIRATION RATE12bpm1
1008SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE122mmHg1
1009BODY MASS INDEX26.1kg/m21
1009DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE76mmHg1
1009HEART RATE67bpm1
1009RESPIRATION RATE14bpm1
1009SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE142mmHg1
1010BODY MASS INDEX25.7kg/m21
1010DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE67mmHg1
1010HEART RATE70bpm1
1010RESPIRATION RATE12bpm1
1010SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE113mmHg1
1011BODY MASS INDEX24.2kg/m21
1011DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE67mmHg1
1011HEART RATE67bpm1
1011RESPIRATION RATE16bpm1
1011SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE110mmHg1
1012BODY MASS INDEX29.6kg/m21
1012DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE81mmHg1
1012HEART RATE66bpm1
1012RESPIRATION RATE12bpm1
1012SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE114mmHg1
1013BODY MASS INDEX23.8kg/m21
1013DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE92mmHg1
1013HEART RATE77bpm1
1013RESPIRATION RATE18bpm1
1013SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE141mmHg1
1014BODY MASS INDEX22.3kg/m21
1014DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE59mmHg1
1014HEART RATE60bpm1
1014RESPIRATION RATE14bpm1
1014SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE98mmHg1
1015BODY MASS INDEX24.5kg/m21
1015DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE77mmHg1
1015HEART RATE75bpm1
1015RESPIRATION RATE14bpm1
1015SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE123mmHg1
1016BODY MASS INDEX31.6kg/m21
1016DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE63mmHg1
1016HEART RATE72bpm1
1016RESPIRATION RATE18bpm1
1016SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE116mmHg1
1017BODY MASS INDEX25.1kg/m21
1017DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE70mmHg1
1017HEART RATE101bpm1
1017RESPIRATION RATE16bpm1
1017SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE130mmHg1
1018BODY MASS INDEX20.7kg/m21
1018DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE65mmHg1
1018HEART RATE62bpm1
1018RESPIRATION RATE14bpm1
1018SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE114mmHg1
1019BODY MASS INDEX20.9kg/m21
1019DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE66mmHg1
1019HEART RATE57bpm1
1019RESPIRATION RATE12bpm1
1019SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE100mmHg1
1020BODY MASS INDEX24.9kg/m21
1020DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE66mmHg1
1020HEART RATE62bpm1
1020RESPIRATION RATE15bpm1
1020SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE105mmHg1
1021BODY MASS INDEX28.4kg/m21
1021DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE78mmHg1
1021HEART RATE83bpm1
1021RESPIRATION RATE12bpm1
1021SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE122mmHg1
1022BODY MASS INDEX22.3kg/m21
1022DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE92mmHg1
1022HEART RATE59bpm1
1022RESPIRATION RATE14bpm1
1022SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE134mmHg1
1023BODY MASS INDEX26.9kg/m21
1023DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE71mmHg1
1023HEART RATE78bpm1
1023RESPIRATION RATE16bpm1
1023SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE103mmHg1
1024BODY MASS INDEX23.2kg/m21
1024DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE78mmHg1
1024HEART RATE80bpm1
1024RESPIRATION RATE15bpm1
1024SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE133mmHg1
1025BODY MASS INDEX26.4kg/m21
1025DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE57mmHg1
1025HEART RATE67bpm1
1025RESPIRATION RATE16bpm1
1025SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE114mmHg1
1026BODY MASS INDEX27kg/m21
1026DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE84mmHg1
1026HEART RATE78bpm1
1026RESPIRATION RATE15bpm1
1026SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE144mmHg1
1027BODY MASS INDEX20kg/m21
1027DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE83mmHg1
1027HEART RATE58bpm1
1027RESPIRATION RATE12bpm1
1027SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE121mmHg1
1028BODY MASS INDEX24.1kg/m21
1028DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE69mmHg1
1028HEART RATE66bpm1
1028RESPIRATION RATE17bpm1
1028SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE103mmHg1
1029BODY MASS INDEX22.1kg/m21
1029DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE79mmHg1
1029HEART RATE65bpm1
1029RESPIRATION RATE14bpm1
1029SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE117mmHg1
1030BODY MASS INDEX33.6kg/m21
1030DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE69mmHg1
1030HEART RATE74bpm1
1030RESPIRATION RATE16bpm1
1030SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE114mmHg1
1031BODY MASS INDEX23.9kg/m21
1031DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE65mmHg1
1031HEART RATE78bpm1
1031RESPIRATION RATE14bpm1
1031SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE99mmHg1
1032BODY MASS INDEX29.6kg/m21
1032DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE67mmHg1
1032HEART RATE73bpm1
1032RESPIRATION RATE16bpm1
1032SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE118mmHg1
1033BODY MASS INDEX33.1kg/m21
1033DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE89mmHg1
1033HEART RATE86bpm1
1033RESPIRATION RATE14bpm1
1033SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE146mmHg1
1034BODY MASS INDEX22.7kg/m21
1034DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE71mmHg1
1034HEART RATE71bpm1
1034RESPIRATION RATE12bpm1
1034SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE135mmHg1
1035BODY MASS INDEX25.5kg/m21
1035DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE83mmHg1
1035HEART RATE59bpm1
1035RESPIRATION RATE16bpm1
1035SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE137mmHg1
1036BODY MASS INDEX27.8kg/m21
1036DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE60mmHg1
1036HEART RATE66bpm1
1036RESPIRATION RATE16bpm1
1036SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE102mmHg1
1037BODY MASS INDEX24.6kg/m21
1037DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE79mmHg1
1037HEART RATE78bpm1
1037RESPIRATION RATE16bpm1
1037SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE134mmHg1
1039BODY MASS INDEX25.9kg/m21
1039DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE62mmHg1
1039HEART RATE44bpm1
1039RESPIRATION RATE18bpm1
1039SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE118mmHg1
1040BODY MASS INDEX26.5kg/m21
1040DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE65mmHg1
1040HEART RATE80bpm1
1040RESPIRATION RATE14bpm1
1040SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE113mmHg1
1041BODY MASS INDEX23.4kg/m21
1041DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE57mmHg1
1041HEART RATE56bpm1
1041RESPIRATION RATE17bpm1
This is a portion of the data; to view all the data, please download the file.
Dataset 2.Vital Signs.
Table of body mass index, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, heart and respiration rate measures. The data for each measurement (TEST) are presented as value (standard result, STRESN) and unit (standard unit, STRESU) for each subject, and visit number (VISITNUM) at which measurements were obtained.

USUBJIDTESTSTRESNVISITNUM
1001FEV 1 % VC MAX57.292
1001FEV 1 % VC MAX52.454
1001FEV 1 %Pred51.92
1001FEV 1 %Pred54.64
1001FRC-He %Pred90.52
1001FRC-He %Pred96.34
1001FVC %Pred71.72
1001FVC %Pred82.54
1001MEF 25 %Pred262
1001MEF 25 %Pred11.34
1001MEF 75 %Pred24.72
1001MEF 75 %Pred25.94
1001TLCO %Pred66.42
1001TLCO %Pred754
1002FEV 1 % VC MAX61.482
1002FEV 1 % VC MAX65.744
1002FEV 1 %Pred88.42
1002FEV 1 %Pred102.44
1002FRC-He %Pred122.42
1002FRC-He %Pred1294
1002FVC %Pred115.82
1002FVC %Pred1234
1002MEF 25 %Pred30.22
1002MEF 25 %Pred33.84
1002MEF 75 %Pred48.82
1002MEF 75 %Pred59.34
1002TLCO %Pred80.62
1002TLCO %Pred73.84
1003FEV 1 % VC MAX51.342
1003FEV 1 % VC MAX47.384
1003FEV 1 %Pred73.32
1003FEV 1 %Pred67.24
1003FRC-He %Pred125.92
1003FRC-He %Pred118.24
1003FVC %Pred112.52
1003FVC %Pred109.54
1003MEF 25 %Pred11.72
1003MEF 25 %Pred114
1003MEF 75 %Pred40.92
1003MEF 75 %Pred31.14
1003TLCO %Pred58.52
1003TLCO %Pred57.14
1004FEV 1 % VC MAX40.412
1004FEV 1 % VC MAX39.474
1004FEV 1 %Pred61.22
1004FEV 1 %Pred50.84
1004FRC-He %Pred122.72
1004FRC-He %Pred143.14
1004FVC %Pred113.32
1004FVC %Pred904
1004MEF 25 %Pred8.52
1004MEF 25 %Pred9.84
1004MEF 75 %Pred25.32
1004MEF 75 %Pred18.74
1004TLCO %Pred67.72
1004TLCO %Pred63.64
1005FEV 1 % VC MAX56.212
1005FEV 1 % VC MAX56.864
1005FEV 1 %Pred83.22
1005FEV 1 %Pred72.84
1005FRC-He %Pred992
1005FRC-He %Pred98.34
1005FVC %Pred1192
1005FVC %Pred1034
1005MEF 25 %Pred17.42
1005MEF 25 %Pred19.54
1005MEF 75 %Pred51.32
1005MEF 75 %Pred49.44
1005TLCO %Pred53.52
1005TLCO %Pred43.34
1006FEV 1 % VC MAX47.672
1006FEV 1 % VC MAX49.64
1006FEV 1 %Pred72.62
1006FEV 1 %Pred68.54
1006FRC-He %Pred99.52
1006FRC-He %Pred100.44
1006FVC %Pred114.42
1006FVC %Pred105.14
1006MEF 25 %Pred19.22
1006MEF 25 %Pred18.44
1006MEF 75 %Pred262
1006MEF 75 %Pred32.74
1006TLCO %Pred41.32
1006TLCO %Pred36.54
1007FEV 1 % VC MAX57.242
1007FEV 1 % VC MAX63.494
1007FEV 1 %Pred77.92
1007FEV 1 %Pred81.84
1007FRC-He %Pred110.52
1007FRC-He %Pred120.64
1007FVC %Pred111.32
1007FVC %Pred105.44
1007MEF 25 %Pred152
1007MEF 25 %Pred214
1007MEF 75 %Pred34.62
1007MEF 75 %Pred49.54
1007TLCO %Pred78.42
1007TLCO %Pred72.14
1008FEV 1 % VC MAX46.982
1008FEV 1 % VC MAX43.394
1008FEV 1 %Pred63.32
1008FEV 1 %Pred624
1008FRC-He %Pred119.82
1008FRC-He %Pred112.24
1008FVC %Pred106.32
1008FVC %Pred104.44
1008MEF 25 %Pred13.32
1008MEF 25 %Pred11.44
1008MEF 75 %Pred272
1008MEF 75 %Pred26.14
1008TLCO %Pred53.52
1008TLCO %Pred55.64
1009FEV 1 % VC MAX62.662
1009FEV 1 % VC MAX62.044
1009FEV 1 %Pred100.42
1009FEV 1 %Pred914
1009FRC-He %Pred100.82
1009FRC-He %Pred1244
1009FVC %Pred119.62
1009FVC %Pred113.94
1009MEF 25 %Pred24.62
1009MEF 25 %Pred26.14
1009MEF 75 %Pred61.12
1009MEF 75 %Pred59.34
1009TLCO %Pred73.42
1009TLCO %Pred68.94
1010FEV 1 % VC MAX58.772
1010FEV 1 % VC MAX55.094
1010FEV 1 %Pred51.12
1010FEV 1 %Pred524
1010FRC-He %Pred52.52
1010FRC-He %Pred101.94
1010FVC %Pred712
1010FVC %Pred76.94
1010MEF 25 %Pred14.62
1010MEF 25 %Pred17.34
1010MEF 75 %Pred19.22
1010MEF 75 %Pred25.24
1010TLCO %Pred31.42
1010TLCO %Pred424
1011FEV 1 % VC MAX61.692
1011FEV 1 % VC MAX63.294
1011FEV 1 %Pred101.22
1011FEV 1 %Pred97.24
1011FRC-He %Pred122.72
1011FRC-He %Pred132.44
1011FVC %Pred131.62
1011FVC %Pred123.24
1011MEF 25 %Pred36.32
1011MEF 25 %Pred39.54
1011MEF 75 %Pred67.22
1011MEF 75 %Pred67.14
1011TLCO %Pred67.12
1011TLCO %Pred66.54
1012FEV 1 % VC MAX45.542
1012FEV 1 % VC MAX45.654
1012FEV 1 %Pred51.32
1012FEV 1 %Pred48.74
1012FRC-He %Pred145.62
1012FRC-He %Pred134.14
1012FVC %Pred93.52
1012FVC %Pred904
1012MEF 25 %Pred10.32
1012MEF 25 %Pred8.94
1012MEF 75 %Pred20.22
1012MEF 75 %Pred194
1012TLCO %Pred51.32
1012TLCO %Pred494
1013FEV 1 % VC MAX45.62
1013FEV 1 % VC MAX39.164
1013FEV 1 %Pred66.32
1013FEV 1 %Pred50.74
1013FRC-He %Pred112.12
1013FRC-He %Pred120.64
1013FVC %Pred122.62
1013FVC %Pred109.14
1013MEF 25 %Pred11.42
1013MEF 25 %Pred9.94
1013MEF 75 %Pred26.42
1013MEF 75 %Pred17.34
1013TLCO %Pred37.12
1013TLCO %Pred38.74
1014FEV 1 % VC MAX59.92
1014FEV 1 % VC MAX57.114
1014FEV 1 %Pred74.32
1014FEV 1 %Pred70.84
1014FRC-He %Pred1182
1014FRC-He %Pred109.74
1014FVC %Pred1012
1014FVC %Pred100.94
1014MEF 25 %Pred24.12
1014MEF 25 %Pred23.64
1014MEF 75 %Pred44.92
1014MEF 75 %Pred39.64
1014TLCO %Pred77.12
1014TLCO %Pred82.24
1015FEV 1 % VC MAX64.082
1015FEV 1 % VC MAX64.774
1015FEV 1 %Pred87.62
This is a portion of the data; to view all the data, please download the file.
Dataset 3.Lung Function.
Table of lung function data for each subject, including percent predicted values for:-  Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 %Pred)-  Forced vital capacity (FVC %Pred)-  Ratio of FEV1 to maximum vital capacity (FEV 1 % VC MAX)-  Functional residual volume by helium dilution technique (FRC-He %Pred)-  Maximum expiratory flow at 25% of expired volume (MEF 25 %Pred)-  Maximum expiratory flow at 75% of expired volume (MEF 75 %Pred)-  Diffusion capacity (transfer factor) for carbon monoxide (TLCO %Pred)The data for each measurement (TEST) are presented as value (standard result, STRESN), together with the visit number (VISITNUM) at which measurements were obtained.

USUBJIDTESTSTRESNVISITNUM
1001R at 20Hz0.372
1001R at 20Hz0.384
1001R at 20Hz %Pred145.22
1001R at 20Hz %Pred150.94
1001R at 5Hz0.692
1001R at 5Hz0.724
1001R at 5Hz %Pred233.92
1001R at 5Hz %Pred243.64
1001Resonant Frequency28.822
1001Resonant Frequency25.944
1001X at 5Hz-0.512
1001X at 5Hz-0.374
1001X at 5Hz %Pred4774.22
1001X at 5Hz %Pred3446.64
1002R at 20Hz0.352
1002R at 20Hz0.274
1002R at 20Hz %Pred143.42
1002R at 20Hz %Pred109.94
1002R at 5Hz0.352
1002R at 5Hz0.314
1002R at 5Hz %Pred122.22
1002R at 5Hz %Pred109.34
1002Resonant Frequency10.282
1002Resonant Frequency13.784
1002X at 5Hz-0.132
1002X at 5Hz-0.14
1002X at 5Hz %Pred5254.12
1002X at 5Hz %Pred3994.54
1003R at 20Hz0.342
1003R at 20Hz0.284
1003R at 20Hz %Pred129.52
1003R at 20Hz %Pred108.64
1003R at 5Hz0.372
1003R at 5Hz0.44
1003R at 5Hz %Pred121.52
1003R at 5Hz %Pred132.84
1003Resonant Frequency13.332
1003Resonant Frequency13.94
1003X at 5Hz-0.072
1003X at 5Hz-0.194
1003X at 5Hz %Pred387.22
1003X at 5Hz %Pred1080.74
1004R at 20Hz0.352
1004R at 20Hz0.334
1004R at 20Hz %Pred136.12
1004R at 20Hz %Pred128.34
1004R at 5Hz0.632
1004R at 5Hz0.614
1004R at 5Hz %Pred212.22
1004R at 5Hz %Pred205.54
1004Resonant Frequency21.552
1004Resonant Frequency20.754
1004X at 5Hz-0.262
1004X at 5Hz-0.364
1004X at 5Hz %Pred1816.12
1004X at 5Hz %Pred2572.44
1005R at 20Hz0.312
1005R at 20Hz0.344
1005R at 20Hz %Pred123.82
1005R at 20Hz %Pred134.94
1005R at 5Hz0.452
1005R at 5Hz0.64
1005R at 5Hz %Pred152.22
1005R at 5Hz %Pred203.14
1005Resonant Frequency22.822
1005Resonant Frequency24.934
1005X at 5Hz-0.192
1005X at 5Hz-0.214
1005X at 5Hz %Pred19762
1005X at 5Hz %Pred2259.94
1006R at 20Hz0.282
1006R at 20Hz0.284
1006R at 20Hz %Pred104.32
1006R at 20Hz %Pred105.24
1006R at 5Hz0.382
1006R at 5Hz0.444
1006R at 5Hz %Pred123.52
1006R at 5Hz %Pred143.14
1006Resonant Frequency18.682
1006Resonant Frequency17.544
1006X at 5Hz-0.162
1006X at 5Hz-0.284
1006X at 5Hz %Pred572.52
1006X at 5Hz %Pred1051.24
1007R at 20Hz0.372
1007R at 20Hz0.384
1007R at 20Hz %Pred106.52
1007R at 20Hz %Pred108.64
1007R at 5Hz0.552
1007R at 5Hz0.544
1007R at 5Hz %Pred135.62
1007R at 5Hz %Pred132.74
1007Resonant Frequency21.42
1007Resonant Frequency23.284
1007X at 5Hz-0.272
1007X at 5Hz-0.354
1007X at 5Hz %Pred272.12
1007X at 5Hz %Pred360.54
1008R at 20Hz0.272
1008R at 20Hz0.384
1008R at 20Hz %Pred102.82
1008R at 20Hz %Pred146.44
1008R at 5Hz0.42
1008R at 5Hz0.684
1008R at 5Hz %Pred132.82
1008R at 5Hz %Pred227.94
1008Resonant Frequency16.352
1008Resonant Frequency26.114
1008X at 5Hz-0.292
1008X at 5Hz-0.384
1008X at 5Hz %Pred1885.72
1008X at 5Hz %Pred2272.54
1009R at 20Hz0.272
1009R at 20Hz0.34
1009R at 20Hz %Pred102.82
1009R at 20Hz %Pred111.64
1009R at 5Hz0.432
1009R at 5Hz0.464
1009R at 5Hz %Pred142.82
1009R at 5Hz %Pred149.34
1009Resonant Frequency15.692
1009Resonant Frequency15.714
1009X at 5Hz-0.192
1009X at 5Hz-0.194
1009X at 5Hz %Pred9022
1009X at 5Hz %Pred839.74
1010R at 20Hz0.42
1010R at 20Hz0.364
1010R at 20Hz %Pred115.32
1010R at 20Hz %Pred102.54
1010R at 5Hz0.562
1010R at 5Hz0.614
1010R at 5Hz %Pred137.22
1010R at 5Hz %Pred148.14
1010Resonant Frequency23.582
1010Resonant Frequency17.654
1010X at 5Hz-0.362
1010X at 5Hz-0.44
1010X at 5Hz %Pred337.12
1010X at 5Hz %Pred379.14
1011R at 20Hz0.242
1011R at 20Hz0.254
1011R at 20Hz %Pred99.22
1011R at 20Hz %Pred100.64
1011R at 5Hz0.342
1011R at 5Hz0.314
1011R at 5Hz %Pred120.72
1011R at 5Hz %Pred107.94
1011Resonant Frequency18.232
1011Resonant Frequency20.224
1011X at 5Hz-0.092
1011X at 5Hz-0.074
1011X at 5Hz %Pred119932.62
1011X at 5Hz %Pred93289.14
1012R at 20Hz0.522
1012R at 20Hz0.444
1012R at 20Hz %Pred157.92
1012R at 20Hz %Pred132.64
1012R at 5Hz0.832
1012R at 5Hz0.854
1012R at 5Hz %Pred213.62
1012R at 5Hz %Pred219.24
1012Resonant Frequency33.142
1012Resonant Frequency31.194
1012X at 5Hz-0.382
1012X at 5Hz-0.684
1012X at 5Hz %Pred5162
1012X at 5Hz %Pred909.44
1013R at 20Hz0.32
1013R at 20Hz0.264
1013R at 20Hz %Pred90.72
1013R at 20Hz %Pred77.84
1013R at 5Hz0.672
1013R at 5Hz0.594
1013R at 5Hz %Pred170.62
1013R at 5Hz %Pred148.84
1013Resonant Frequency30.972
1013Resonant Frequency24.294
1013X at 5Hz-0.442
1013X at 5Hz-0.284
1013X at 5Hz %Pred536.42
1013X at 5Hz %Pred343.84
1014R at 20Hz0.282
1014R at 20Hz0.274
1014R at 20Hz %Pred114.12
1014R at 20Hz %Pred110.34
1014R at 5Hz0.412
1014R at 5Hz0.354
1014R at 5Hz %Pred145.62
1014R at 5Hz %Pred123.94
1014Resonant Frequency17.382
1014Resonant Frequency16.044
1014X at 5Hz-0.152
1014X at 5Hz-0.094
1014X at 5Hz %Pred-13559.92
1014X at 5Hz %Pred-8198.84
1015R at 20Hz0.292
1015R at 20Hz0.274
1015R at 20Hz %Pred113.62
This is a portion of the data; to view all the data, please download the file.
Dataset 4.Impulse Oscillometry.
Table of impulse oscillometry data for each subject, including resistance at 5 (R at 5Hz) and 20 Hertz (R at 20Hz), reactance at 5 (X at 5Hz), and Resonant Frequency. The data for each measurement (TEST) are presented as value (standard result, STRESN), together with the visit number (VISITNUM) at which measurements were obtained.

USUBJIDTESTSTRESNVISITNUM
1001COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)822
1001COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)554
1001COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)582
1001COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)264
1001COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)4112
1001COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)3444
1001COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)3512
1001COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)2414
1001Dynamic range core(P2 : deeper)02
1001Dynamic range core(P2 : deeper)04
1001Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)42
1001Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)74
1001Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)102
1001Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)94
1001Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)52
1001Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)04
1001Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)102
1001Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)104
1001Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)02
1001Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)04
1001Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)102
1001Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)04
1001Lag score(P2 : deeper)02
1001Lag score(P2 : deeper)04
1001Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)102
1001Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)04
1001Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)02
1001Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)04
1001Lead score(P2 : deeper)02
1001Lead score(P2 : deeper)04
1001Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)02
1001Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)04
1001Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)22
1001Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)04
1001R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)12
1001R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)04
1001Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)42
1001Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)04
1001Slope of chest vs trachea during Insp(P2 : deeper)22
1001Slope of chest vs trachea during Insp(P2 : deeper)04
1002COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)552
1002COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)624
1002COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)442
1002COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)84
1002COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)2032
1002COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)2384
1002COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)2842
1002COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)364
1002Dynamic range core(P2 : deeper)02
1002Dynamic range core(P2 : deeper)04
1002Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)32
1002Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)04
1002Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)102
1002Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)14
1002Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)02
1002Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)04
1002Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)102
1002Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)14
1002Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)02
1002Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)04
1002Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)02
1002Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)14
1002Lag score(P2 : deeper)02
1002Lag score(P2 : deeper)04
1002Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)02
1002Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)04
1002Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)02
1002Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)04
1002Lead score(P2 : deeper)02
1002Lead score(P2 : deeper)04
1002Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)02
1002Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)04
1002Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)32
1002Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)04
1002R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)102
1002R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)54
1002Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)62
1002Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)04
1002Slope of chest vs trachea during Insp(P2 : deeper)22
1002Slope of chest vs trachea during Insp(P2 : deeper)04
1003COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)562
1003COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)634
1003COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)732
1003COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)874
1003COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)2282
1003COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)2404
1003COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)3382
1003COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)4704
1003Dynamic range core(P2 : deeper)92
1003Dynamic range core(P2 : deeper)104
1003Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)02
1003Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)04
1003Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)02
1003Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)04
1003Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)52
1003Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)04
1003Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)02
1003Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)04
1003Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)72
1003Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)94
1003Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)102
1003Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)104
1003Lag score(P2 : deeper)102
1003Lag score(P2 : deeper)24
1003Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)102
1003Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)104
1003Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)52
1003Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)104
1003Lead score(P2 : deeper)02
1003Lead score(P2 : deeper)104
1003Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)22
1003Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)104
1003Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)102
1003Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)104
1003R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)52
1003R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)04
1003Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)02
1003Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)44
1003Slope of chest vs trachea during Insp(P2 : deeper)02
1003Slope of chest vs trachea during Insp(P2 : deeper)24
1004COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)442
1004COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)674
1004COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)352
1004COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)584
1004COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)1602
1004COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)2374
1004COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)1242
1004COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)1884
1004Dynamic range core(P2 : deeper)62
1004Dynamic range core(P2 : deeper)104
1004Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)02
1004Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)04
1004Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)02
1004Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)04
1004Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)02
1004Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)04
1004Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)12
1004Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)04
1004Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)82
1004Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)104
1004Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)02
1004Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)04
1004Lag score(P2 : deeper)02
1004Lag score(P2 : deeper)04
1004Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)02
1004Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)04
1004Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)02
1004Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)04
1004Lead score(P2 : deeper)02
1004Lead score(P2 : deeper)04
1004Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)02
1004Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)84
1004Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)82
1004Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)104
1004R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)102
1004R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)04
1004Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)02
1004Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)104
1004Slope of chest vs trachea during Insp(P2 : deeper)22
1004Slope of chest vs trachea during Insp(P2 : deeper)104
1005COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)862
1005COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)384
1005COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)752
1005COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)564
1005COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)3802
1005COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)1574
1005COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)4312
1005COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)2934
1005Dynamic range core(P2 : deeper)102
1005Dynamic range core(P2 : deeper)104
1005Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)02
1005Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)04
1005Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)102
1005Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)64
1005Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)02
1005Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)04
1005Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)12
1005Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)04
1005Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)102
1005Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)84
1005Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)72
1005Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)04
1005Lag score(P2 : deeper)02
1005Lag score(P2 : deeper)04
1005Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)102
1005Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)04
1005Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)02
1005Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)04
1005Lead score(P2 : deeper)02
1005Lead score(P2 : deeper)14
1005Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)02
1005Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)44
1005Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)102
1005Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)104
1005R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)52
1005R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)54
1005Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)102
1005Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)104
1005Slope of chest vs trachea during Insp(P2 : deeper)22
This is a portion of the data; to view all the data, please download the file.
Dataset 5.Stethographics.
Stethographics measures for each subject were obtained for 2 breathing patterns, also referred to as normal breathing pattern or P1 (P1 : normal) and deeper breathing or P2 (P2 : deeper). Data presented here include scores for:-  Expiratory crackle rate for P2 breathing pattern [Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)]-  Inspiratory crackle rate for P2 breathing pattern [Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)]-  Expiratory wheeze rate for P2 breathing pattern [Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)]-  Inspiratory wheeze rate for P2 breathing pattern [Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)]-  Inspiratory chest amplitude for P2 breathing pattern [Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)]-  Average lead and lag of chest channels compared to the tracheal channel for P2 breathing pattern [Lead score(P2 : deeper); Lag score(P2 : deeper)]-  Inter-channel asynchrony at the beginning and end of inspiration for P2 breathing pattern [Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound) (P2 : deeper); Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)]-  Lead time-integrated amplitude for P2 breathing pattern [Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)]-  Lag time-integrated amplitude for P2 breathing pattern [Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)]-  Ratio of low frequency energy to high frequency energy for P2 breathing pattern [Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)]-  Ratio of duration of inspiration to the duration of expiration for P2 breathing pattern [R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)]-  Ratios of peak inspiratory amplitude to peak expiratory amplitude for P2 breathing pattern [Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)]-  Dynamic range score(P2 : deeper)-  Slope of the chest versus tracheal sound function during inspiration for P2 breathing pattern [Slope of chest vs trachea during Insp(P2 : deeper)]-  Non-weighted total acoustic COPD scores for both breathing patterns [COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)], [COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)]-  Weighted total acoustic COPD scores for both breathing patterns [COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)], [COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)]The individual scores for each stethographics parameter (TEST) are presented as value (standard result, STRESN) for each subject, together with the visit number (VISITNUM) at which stethographics was performed.

USUBJIDTESTSTRESNVISITNUM
1001Bronchial wall thickening03
1001Emphysema03
1001Emphysema Type03
1001Extent of Disease33
1001Intestitial Score03
1001Intestitial disease03
1001Intestitial disease distribution03
1001Nodules + other abnormality score43
1001Severity of bronchial dilatation03
1001Small airways disease33
1001Total Bronchiectasis Score03
1001Total COPD CT Score1.23
1001Traction bronchiectasis03
1002Bronchial wall thickening13
1002Emphysema13
1002Emphysema Type13
1002Extent of Disease13
1002Intestitial Score03
1002Intestitial disease03
1002Intestitial disease distribution03
1002Nodules + other abnormality score03
1002Severity of bronchial dilatation13
1002Small airways disease13
1002Total Bronchiectasis Score13
1002Total COPD CT Score0.83
1002Traction bronchiectasis03
1003Bronchial wall thickening13
1003Emphysema23
1003Emphysema Type13
1003Extent of Disease23
1003Intestitial Score03
1003Intestitial disease03
1003Intestitial disease distribution03
1003Nodules + other abnormality score03
1003Severity of bronchial dilatation13
1003Small airways disease03
1003Total Bronchiectasis Score13
1003Total COPD CT Score0.83
1003Traction bronchiectasis03
1004Bronchial wall thickening13
1004Emphysema13
1004Emphysema Type13
1004Extent of Disease33
1004Intestitial Score43
1004Intestitial disease23
1004Intestitial disease distribution23
1004Nodules + other abnormality score53
1004Severity of bronchial dilatation03
1004Small airways disease23
1004Total Bronchiectasis Score03
1004Total COPD CT Score1.23
1004Traction bronchiectasis03
1005Bronchial wall thickening13
1005Emphysema33
1005Emphysema Type23
1005Extent of Disease33
1005Intestitial Score03
1005Intestitial disease03
1005Intestitial disease distribution03
1005Nodules + other abnormality score03
1005Severity of bronchial dilatation03
1005Small airways disease13
1005Total Bronchiectasis Score03
1005Total COPD CT Score13
1005Traction bronchiectasis03
1006Bronchial wall thickening03
1006Emphysema23
1006Emphysema Type13
1006Extent of Disease43
1006Intestitial Score63
1006Intestitial disease33
1006Intestitial disease distribution33
1006Nodules + other abnormality score63
1006Severity of bronchial dilatation03
1006Small airways disease03
1006Total Bronchiectasis Score13
1006Total COPD CT Score13
1006Traction bronchiectasis13
1007Bronchial wall thickening13
1007Emphysema03
1007Emphysema Type03
1007Extent of Disease23
1007Intestitial Score03
1007Intestitial disease03
1007Intestitial disease distribution03
1007Nodules + other abnormality score53
1007Severity of bronchial dilatation03
1007Small airways disease23
1007Total Bronchiectasis Score03
1007Total COPD CT Score13
1007Traction bronchiectasis03
1008Bronchial wall thickening13
1008Emphysema03
1008Emphysema Type03
1008Extent of Disease23
1008Intestitial Score03
1008Intestitial disease03
1008Intestitial disease distribution03
1008Nodules + other abnormality score53
1008Severity of bronchial dilatation13
1008Small airways disease23
1008Total Bronchiectasis Score23
1008Total COPD CT Score1.43
1008Traction bronchiectasis13
1009Bronchial wall thickening13
1009Emphysema13
1009Emphysema Type13
1009Extent of Disease23
1009Intestitial Score03
1009Intestitial disease03
1009Intestitial disease distribution03
1009Nodules + other abnormality score33
1009Severity of bronchial dilatation13
1009Small airways disease23
1009Total Bronchiectasis Score13
1009Total COPD CT Score1.23
1009Traction bronchiectasis03
1010Bronchial wall thickening13
1010Emphysema13
1010Emphysema Type13
1010Extent of Disease23
1010Intestitial Score03
1010Intestitial disease03
1010Intestitial disease distribution03
1010Nodules + other abnormality score53
1010Severity of bronchial dilatation13
1010Small airways disease03
1010Total Bronchiectasis Score13
1010Total COPD CT Score0.83
1010Traction bronchiectasis03
1011Bronchial wall thickening13
1011Emphysema03
1011Emphysema Type03
1011Extent of Disease23
1011Intestitial Score03
1011Intestitial disease03
1011Intestitial disease distribution03
1011Nodules + other abnormality score33
1011Severity of bronchial dilatation13
1011Small airways disease33
1011Total Bronchiectasis Score13
1011Total COPD CT Score1.43
1011Traction bronchiectasis03
1012Bronchial wall thickening13
1012Emphysema13
1012Emphysema Type13
1012Extent of Disease23
1012Intestitial Score03
1012Intestitial disease03
1012Intestitial disease distribution03
1012Nodules + other abnormality score03
1012Severity of bronchial dilatation03
1012Small airways disease23
1012Total Bronchiectasis Score03
1012Total COPD CT Score13
1012Traction bronchiectasis03
1013Bronchial wall thickening13
1013Emphysema43
1013Emphysema Type43
1013Extent of Disease43
1013Intestitial Score03
1013Intestitial disease03
1013Intestitial disease distribution03
1013Nodules + other abnormality score03
1013Severity of bronchial dilatation03
1013Small airways disease03
1013Total Bronchiectasis Score03
1013Total COPD CT Score13
1013Traction bronchiectasis03
1014Bronchial wall thickening13
1014Emphysema23
1014Emphysema Type13
1014Extent of Disease23
1014Intestitial Score03
1014Intestitial disease03
1014Intestitial disease distribution03
1014Nodules + other abnormality score13
1014Severity of bronchial dilatation13
1014Small airways disease23
1014Total Bronchiectasis Score13
1014Total COPD CT Score1.23
1014Traction bronchiectasis03
1015Bronchial wall thickening13
1015Emphysema33
1015Emphysema Type13
1015Extent of Disease33
1015Intestitial Score03
1015Intestitial disease03
1015Intestitial disease distribution03
1015Nodules + other abnormality score33
1015Severity of bronchial dilatation13
1015Small airways disease03
1015Total Bronchiectasis Score13
1015Total COPD CT Score13
1015Traction bronchiectasis03
1016Bronchial wall thickening13
1016Emphysema03
1016Emphysema Type03
1016Extent of Disease13
This is a portion of the data; to view all the data, please download the file.
Dataset 6.Lung HRCT.
HRCT data for each subject are presented as scores for:-  Bronchial wall thickening-  Emphysema and Emphysema Type-  Extent of Disease-  Interstitial disease and Interstitial disease distribution-  Interstitial Score-  Nodules + other abnormality-  Severity of bronchial dilatation-  Small airways disease-  Traction bronchiectasis-  The sum of the severity of bronchial dilatation and traction bronchiectasis scores (Total Bronchiectasis Score)-  The representative mean of the 5 component scores, i.e. Extent of Disease score, Severity of bronchial dilatation score, Traction bronchiectasis, Bronchial wall thickening score, and Small airways disease score (Total COPD CT Score)The individual scores for each CT parameter (TEST) are presented as value (standard result, STRESN) together with the visit number (VISITNUM) at which HRCT scans were obtained.

USUBJIDTESTSTRESNSTRESUVISITNUM
1001Heart Rate142bpm3
1001RER1.06units3
1001VCO22339ml/min3
1001VO22209ml/min3
1001VO2 %Pred129%3
1001VO2/kg22.4ml/min/Kg3
1001VO2/kg %Pred129%3
1002Heart Rate150bpm3
1002RER1.06units3
1002VCO22344ml/min3
1002VO22216ml/min3
1002VO2 %Pred98%3
1002VO2/kg32.6ml/min/Kg3
1002VO2/kg %Pred98%3
1003Heart Rate139bpm3
1003RER1.01units3
1003VCO21410ml/min3
1003VO21394ml/min3
1003VO2 %Pred76%3
1003VO2/kg23.1ml/min/Kg3
1003VO2/kg %Pred76%3
1004Heart Rate126bpm3
1004RER0.99units3
1004VCO21893ml/min3
1004VO21907ml/min3
1004VO2 %Pred86%3
1004VO2/kg20.7ml/min/Kg3
1004VO2/kg %Pred86%3
1007Heart Rate107bpm3
1007RER0.88units3
1007VCO2659ml/min3
1007VO2750ml/min3
1007VO2 %Pred63%3
1007VO2/kg11.2ml/min/Kg3
1007VO2/kg %Pred63%3
1008Heart Rate120bpm3
1008RER1.11units3
1008VCO21289ml/min3
1008VO21160ml/min3
1008VO2 %Pred60%3
1008VO2/kg17.1ml/min/Kg3
1008VO2/kg %Pred60%3
1009Heart Rate117bpm3
1009RER1.2units3
1009VCO21653ml/min3
1009VO21382ml/min3
1009VO2 %Pred73%3
1009VO2/kg18.9ml/min/Kg3
1009VO2/kg %Pred73%3
1010Heart Rate91bpm3
1010RER0.84units3
1010VCO2674ml/min3
1010VO2802ml/min3
1010VO2 %Pred73%3
1010VO2/kg13.6ml/min/Kg3
1010VO2/kg %Pred73%3
1011Heart Rate116bpm3
1011RER1.08units3
1011VCO21787ml/min3
1011VO21648ml/min3
1011VO2 %Pred56%3
1011VO2/kg18.7ml/min/Kg3
1011VO2/kg %Pred56%3
1012Heart Rate165bpm3
1012RER1.12units3
1012VCO21726ml/min3
1012VO21546ml/min3
1012VO2 %Pred107%3
1012VO2/kg20.6ml/min/Kg3
1012VO2/kg %Pred107%3
1013Heart Rate105bpm3
1013RER0.99units3
1013VCO2930ml/min3
1013VO2937ml/min3
1013VO2 %Pred70%3
1013VO2/kg14.9ml/min/Kg3
1013VO2/kg %Pred70%3
1014Heart Rate131bpm3
1014RER1.21units3
1014VCO21831ml/min3
1014VO21509ml/min3
1014VO2 %Pred62%3
1014VO2/kg22.2ml/min/Kg3
1014VO2/kg %Pred62%3
1015Heart Rate148bpm3
1015RER1.32units3
1015VCO22420ml/min3
1015VO21833ml/min3
1015VO2 %Pred80%3
1015VO2/kg24.8ml/min/Kg3
1015VO2/kg %Pred80%3
1016Heart Rate127bpm3
1016RER1.06units3
1016VCO21268ml/min3
1016VO21195ml/min3
1016VO2 %Pred77%3
1016VO2/kg14.9ml/min/Kg3
1016VO2/kg %Pred77%3
1017Heart Rate137bpm3
1017RER0.91units3
1017VCO21104ml/min3
1017VO21215ml/min3
1017VO2 %Pred54%3
1017VO2/kg17.9ml/min/Kg3
1017VO2/kg %Pred54%3
1018Heart Rate139bpm3
1018RER1.23units3
1018VCO21571ml/min3
1018VO21281ml/min3
1018VO2 %Pred96%3
1018VO2/kg19.7ml/min/Kg3
1018VO2/kg %Pred96%3
1019Heart Rate150bpm3
1019RER1.17units3
1019VCO21158ml/min3
1019VO2992ml/min3
1019VO2 %Pred69%3
1019VO2/kg17.7ml/min/Kg3
1019VO2/kg %Pred69%3
1020Heart Rate151bpm3
1020RER1.04units3
1020VCO22550ml/min3
1020VO22458ml/min3
1020VO2 %Pred100%3
1020VO2/kg32.3ml/min/Kg3
1020VO2/kg %Pred100%3
1021Heart Rate132bpm3
1021RER1.15units3
1021VCO21985ml/min3
1021VO21730ml/min3
1021VO2 %Pred69%3
1021VO2/kg20.6ml/min/Kg3
1021VO2/kg %Pred69%3
1022Heart Rate115bpm3
1022RER0.99units3
1022VCO21313ml/min3
1022VO21330ml/min3
1022VO2 %Pred57%3
1022VO2/kg18.5ml/min/Kg3
1022VO2/kg %Pred57%3
1023Heart Rate136bpm3
1023RER1.15units3
1023VCO21318ml/min3
1023VO21146ml/min3
1023VO2 %Pred59%3
1023VO2/kg15.3ml/min/Kg3
1023VO2/kg %Pred59%3
1024Heart Rate120bpm3
1024RER1.06units3
1024VCO2964ml/min3
1024VO2911ml/min3
1024VO2 %Pred72%3
1024VO2/kg16.6ml/min/Kg3
1024VO2/kg %Pred72%3
1025Heart Rate114bpm3
1025RER1.02units3
1025VCO21332ml/min3
1025VO21302ml/min3
1025VO2 %Pred85%3
1025VO2/kg18.9ml/min/Kg3
1025VO2/kg %Pred85%3
1026Heart Rate113bpm3
1026RER0.98units3
1026VCO21348ml/min3
1026VO21382ml/min3
1026VO2 %Pred62%3
1026VO2/kg16.1ml/min/Kg3
1026VO2/kg %Pred62%3
1027Heart Rate156bpm3
1027RER1.2units3
1027VCO21446ml/min3
1027VO21204ml/min3
1027VO2 %Pred93%3
1027VO2/kg23.6ml/min/Kg3
1027VO2/kg %Pred93%3
1028Heart Rate127bpm3
1028RER1.15units3
1028VCO21514ml/min3
1028VO21319ml/min3
1028VO2 %Pred90%3
1028VO2/kg19.7ml/min/Kg3
1028VO2/kg %Pred90%3
1029Heart Rate94bpm3
1029RER0.92units3
1029VCO2967ml/min3
1029VO21050ml/min3
1029VO2 %Pred47%3
1029VO2/kg15.4ml/min/Kg3
1029VO2/kg %Pred47%3
1030Heart Rate150bpm3
1030RER1.16units3
1030VCO21959ml/min3
1030VO21692ml/min3
1030VO2 %Pred97%3
1030VO2/kg20.1ml/min/Kg3
1030VO2/kg %Pred97%3
1031Heart Rate145bpm3
1031RER0.87units3
1031VCO2672ml/min3
This is a portion of the data; to view all the data, please download the file.
Dataset 7.Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tolerance Test.
Cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance test data, i.e. heart rate, gas exchange ratio or respiratory exchange ratio (RER), absolute and relative rates of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2; VO2/kg), absolute and relative percent predicted oxygen consumption (VO2 %Pred; VO2/kg %Pred), and carbon monoxide output (VCO2) for each subject. The data for each measurement (TEST) are presented as value (standard result, STRESN) and unit (standard unit, STRESU) for each subject, together with the visit number (VISITNUM) at which measurements were obtained.

USUBJIDTESTSTRESN
1001MMRCDS for BODE1
1001SF-36_Bodily Pain54.22
1001SF-36_General Health35.54
1001SF-36_Mental Health49.58
1001SF-36_Physical Functioning44.83
1001SF-36_Role Emotional55.68
1001SF-36_Role Physical47.08
1001SF-36_Social Functioning51.03
1001SF-36_Vitality45.97
1001mBODE Index2
1002MMRCDS for BODE0
1002SF-36_Bodily Pain54.22
1002SF-36_General Health57.62
1002SF-36_Mental Health49.58
1002SF-36_Physical Functioning55.07
1002SF-36_Role Emotional55.68
1002SF-36_Role Physical56.62
1002SF-36_Social Functioning56.4
1002SF-36_Vitality57.94
1002mBODE Index0
1003MMRCDS for BODE0
1003SF-36_Bodily Pain60.88
1003SF-36_General Health57.62
1003SF-36_Mental Health60.66
1003SF-36_Physical Functioning50.97
1003SF-36_Role Emotional55.68
1003SF-36_Role Physical56.62
1003SF-36_Social Functioning56.4
1003SF-36_Vitality66.92
1003mBODE Index1
1004MMRCDS for BODE3
1004SF-36_Bodily Pain49.22
1004SF-36_General Health21.45
1004SF-36_Mental Health32.96
1004SF-36_Physical Functioning28.46
1004SF-36_Role Emotional25.39
1004SF-36_Role Physical32.76
1004SF-36_Social Functioning24.14
1004SF-36_Vitality28.01
1004mBODE Index4
1005MMRCDS for BODE
1005SF-36_Bodily Pain28.4
1005SF-36_General Health26.15
1005SF-36_Mental Health27.41
1005SF-36_Physical Functioning16.18
1005SF-36_Role Emotional25.39
1005SF-36_Role Physical30.38
1005SF-36_Social Functioning24.14
1005SF-36_Vitality25.01
1005mBODE Index
1006MMRCDS for BODE
1006SF-36_Bodily Pain50.05
1006SF-36_General Health40.24
1006SF-36_Mental Health55.12
1006SF-36_Physical Functioning38.69
1006SF-36_Role Emotional55.68
1006SF-36_Role Physical51.85
1006SF-36_Social Functioning51.03
1006SF-36_Vitality45.97
1006mBODE Index
1007MMRCDS for BODE1
1007SF-36_Bodily Pain60.88
1007SF-36_General Health36.48
1007SF-36_Mental Health57.89
1007SF-36_Physical Functioning44.83
1007SF-36_Role Emotional55.68
1007SF-36_Role Physical56.62
1007SF-36_Social Functioning56.4
1007SF-36_Vitality51.95
1007mBODE Index3
1008MMRCDS for BODE3
1008SF-36_Bodily Pain28.4
1008SF-36_General Health30.84
1008SF-36_Mental Health38.5
1008SF-36_Physical Functioning30.51
1008SF-36_Role Emotional21.61
1008SF-36_Role Physical25.6
1008SF-36_Social Functioning24.14
1008SF-36_Vitality28.01
1008mBODE Index5
1009MMRCDS for BODE4
1009SF-36_Bodily Pain36.31
1009SF-36_General Health40.24
1009SF-36_Mental Health46.81
1009SF-36_Physical Functioning46.88
1009SF-36_Role Emotional48.11
1009SF-36_Role Physical47.08
1009SF-36_Social Functioning51.03
1009SF-36_Vitality45.97
1009mBODE Index5
1010MMRCDS for BODE1
1010SF-36_Bodily Pain54.22
1010SF-36_General Health40.24
1010SF-36_Mental Health27.41
1010SF-36_Physical Functioning38.69
1010SF-36_Role Emotional51.89
1010SF-36_Role Physical37.53
1010SF-36_Social Functioning34.89
1010SF-36_Vitality39.98
1010mBODE Index4
1011MMRCDS for BODE0
1011SF-36_Bodily Pain32.14
1011SF-36_General Health52.92
1011SF-36_Mental Health52.35
1011SF-36_Physical Functioning53.02
1011SF-36_Role Emotional25.39
1011SF-36_Role Physical42.31
1011SF-36_Social Functioning18.76
1011SF-36_Vitality48.96
1011mBODE Index2
1012MMRCDS for BODE1
1012SF-36_Bodily Pain60.88
1012SF-36_General Health36.48
1012SF-36_Mental Health57.89
1012SF-36_Physical Functioning46.88
1012SF-36_Role Emotional55.68
1012SF-36_Role Physical47.08
1012SF-36_Social Functioning56.4
1012SF-36_Vitality51.95
1012mBODE Index2
1013MMRCDS for BODE2
1013SF-36_Bodily Pain50.05
1013SF-36_General Health38.83
1013SF-36_Mental Health46.81
1013SF-36_Physical Functioning44.83
1013SF-36_Role Emotional48.11
1013SF-36_Role Physical51.85
1013SF-36_Social Functioning45.65
1013SF-36_Vitality45.97
1013mBODE Index4
1014MMRCDS for BODE2
1014SF-36_Bodily Pain45.06
1014SF-36_General Health28.49
1014SF-36_Mental Health27.41
1014SF-36_Physical Functioning30.51
1014SF-36_Role Emotional36.75
1014SF-36_Role Physical32.76
1014SF-36_Social Functioning18.76
1014SF-36_Vitality31
1014mBODE Index2
1015MMRCDS for BODE0
1015SF-36_Bodily Pain60.88
1015SF-36_General Health59.97
1015SF-36_Mental Health63.43
1015SF-36_Physical Functioning57.11
1015SF-36_Role Emotional55.68
1015SF-36_Role Physical56.62
1015SF-36_Social Functioning56.4
1015SF-36_Vitality69.92
1015mBODE Index1
1016MMRCDS for BODE1
1016SF-36_Bodily Pain60.88
1016SF-36_General Health33.19
1016SF-36_Mental Health49.58
1016SF-36_Physical Functioning36.65
1016SF-36_Role Emotional55.68
1016SF-36_Role Physical37.53
1016SF-36_Social Functioning40.27
1016SF-36_Vitality31
1016mBODE Index4
1017MMRCDS for BODE0
1017SF-36_Bodily Pain49.22
1017SF-36_General Health50.57
1017SF-36_Mental Health55.12
1017SF-36_Physical Functioning55.07
1017SF-36_Role Emotional55.68
1017SF-36_Role Physical56.62
1017SF-36_Social Functioning56.4
1017SF-36_Vitality51.95
1017mBODE Index2
1018MMRCDS for BODE1
1018SF-36_Bodily Pain60.88
1018SF-36_General Health56.68
1018SF-36_Mental Health57.89
1018SF-36_Physical Functioning53.02
1018SF-36_Role Emotional55.68
1018SF-36_Role Physical54.24
1018SF-36_Social Functioning56.4
1018SF-36_Vitality54.95
1018mBODE Index2
1019MMRCDS for BODE1
1019SF-36_Bodily Pain41.72
1019SF-36_General Health57.62
1019SF-36_Mental Health38.5
1019SF-36_Physical Functioning40.74
1019SF-36_Role Emotional40.54
1019SF-36_Role Physical47.08
1019SF-36_Social Functioning45.65
1019SF-36_Vitality45.97
1019mBODE Index3
1020MMRCDS for BODE0
1020SF-36_Bodily Pain60.88
1020SF-36_General Health59.97
1020SF-36_Mental Health57.89
1020SF-36_Physical Functioning57.11
1020SF-36_Role Emotional55.68
1020SF-36_Role Physical56.62
1020SF-36_Social Functioning56.4
1020SF-36_Vitality63.93
This is a portion of the data; to view all the data, please download the file.
Dataset 8.Questionnaires.
Table listing individual scores for:-  Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) Dyspnoea Scale (MMRCDS for BODE)-  Bodily Pain component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_Bodily Pain)-  General Health component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_General Health)-  Mental Health component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_Mental Health)-  Physical Functioning component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_Physical Functioning)-  Social Functioning component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_Social Functioning)-  Emotional Role Functioning component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_Role Emotional)-  Physical Role Functioning component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_Role Physical)-  Vitality component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_Vitality)-  Modified BODE index (mBODE Index)The score for each assessment (TEST) is presented as value (standard result, STRESN) for each subject.

DatasetTESTSTRESUGroupNMeanStd
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.BODY MASS INDEXkg/m2COPD6026.323.655216843
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.BODY MASS INDEXkg/m2CS6027.636666673.563323847
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.BODY MASS INDEXkg/m2FS6027.198333333.530376254
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.BODY MASS INDEXkg/m2NS6026.453.743400973
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSUREmmHgCOPD6074.133333339.650619839
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSUREmmHgCS6072.183333337.379521979
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSUREmmHgFS6072.216666676.752505289
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSUREmmHgNS6071.783333337.376305783
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.HEART RATEbpmCOPD6069.79.632747817
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.HEART RATEbpmCS6068.3666666710.07424416
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.HEART RATEbpmFS6064.7510.19907773
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.HEART RATEbpmNS6063.2166666710.42176937
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.RESPIRATION RATEbpmCOPD6014.783333332.075618484
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.RESPIRATION RATEbpmCS6015.666666672.136579451
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.RESPIRATION RATEbpmFS6015.233333332.110238694
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.RESPIRATION RATEbpmNS6015.716666672.307626756
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSUREmmHgCOPD60121.133333314.20964899
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSUREmmHgCS60121.416666712.98537857
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSUREmmHgFS60123.8513.37569894
Dataset 2. Vital Signs.SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSUREmmHgNS60122.333333314.81486503
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FEV 1 % VC MAXCOPD6054.519166678.746147296
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FEV 1 % VC MAXCS6070.3955.355033748
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FEV 1 % VC MAXFS6072.100916674.082890561
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FEV 1 % VC MAXNS6073.810916675.885407154
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FEV 1 %PredCOPD6075.5716666718.06618802
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FEV 1 %PredCS60100.836666711.75231628
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FEV 1 %PredFS60108.310833312.41980066
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FEV 1 %PredNS60111.849166713.90122081
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FRC-He %PredCOPD60117.0218.26014044
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FRC-He %PredCS60102.893333319.07204998
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FRC-He %PredFS6094.83517.8998279
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FRC-He %PredNS60103.502520.09532669
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FVC %PredCOPD60111.974166718.85290629
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FVC %PredCS60117.23514.78891391
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FVC %PredFS60121.936666712.95606941
Dataset 3. Lung Function.FVC %PredNS60123.702515.26569885
Dataset 3. Lung Function.MEF 25 %PredCOPD5918.829661029.380648269
Dataset 3. Lung Function.MEF 25 %PredCS6036.612515.89898362
Dataset 3. Lung Function.MEF 25 %PredFS6041.5183333311.92747493
Dataset 3. Lung Function.MEF 25 %PredNS6051.08524.77097006
Dataset 3. Lung Function.MEF 75 %PredCOPD6043.2533333319.55455833
Dataset 3. Lung Function.MEF 75 %PredCS6091.96520.68175176
Dataset 3. Lung Function.MEF 75 %PredFS60100.078333319.13126682
Dataset 3. Lung Function.MEF 75 %PredNS60105.290833323.40309717
Dataset 3. Lung Function.TLCO %PredCOPD6066.157516.16598968
Dataset 3. Lung Function.TLCO %PredCS6080.2641666712.46884623
Dataset 3. Lung Function.TLCO %PredFS6090.7113.84294105
Dataset 3. Lung Function.TLCO %PredNS6093.7683333312.0182875
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 20HzCOPD600.3004166670.062668699
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 20HzCS600.2915833330.069881811
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 20HzFS600.2829166670.061066036
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 20HzNS600.2489166670.050715989
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 20Hz %PredCOPD60105.418333321.41377263
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 20Hz %PredCS60103.415833323.84413457
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 20Hz %PredFS6099.367519.03870906
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 20Hz %PredNS6088.0916666716.37671758
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 5HzCOPD600.434750.144868219
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 5HzCS600.3608333330.093469685
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 5HzFS600.3491666670.085787314
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 5HzNS600.2970833330.091314746
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 5Hz %PredCOPD60130.118333340.71784992
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 5Hz %PredCS60109.457526.82000396
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 5Hz %PredFS60103.580833323.78159111
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.R at 5Hz %PredNS6089.6708333323.97814381
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.Resonant FrequencyCOPD6017.81554.750703579
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.Resonant FrequencyCS6014.361833333.284357632
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.Resonant FrequencyFS6012.970753.437119511
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.Resonant FrequencyNS6011.800166673.322939908
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.X at 5HzCOPD60-0.197250.12090557
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.X at 5HzCS60-0.1261666670.07070089
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.X at 5HzFS60-0.10850.044171277
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.X at 5HzNS60-0.095250.055314394
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.X at 5Hz %PredCOPD602808.25916713948.20439
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.X at 5Hz %PredCS60411.672135.247387
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.X at 5Hz %PredFS60491.12833331739.403326
Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry.X at 5Hz %PredNS605787.98416725899.89884
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)COPD6065.7916666718.17016825
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)CS6040.2515.85380776
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)FS6033.1166666717.93168927
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)NS6023.1583333316.33637194
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)COPD6047.9833333320.36342822
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)CS6018.8166666716.83820481
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)FS6012.1916666712.25820088
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)NS608.358.374345408
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)COPD60317.7166667104.6155337
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)CS60179.283333379.90038113
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)FS60151.966666790.10379451
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)NS60106.458333388.30207647
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)COPD60208.3110.4746769
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)CS6077.5416666782.78874953
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)FS6038.948.08333162
Dataset 5. Stethographics.COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)NS6023.526.69682264
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Dynamic range core(P2 : deeper)COPD604.6166666673.660793962
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Dynamic range core(P2 : deeper)CS601.6083333332.653893313
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Dynamic range core(P2 : deeper)FS600.82.204002522
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Dynamic range core(P2 : deeper)NS600.20.776781714
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)COPD601.2666666671.522338374
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)CS600.6916666671.551630271
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)FS600.2833333330.777690337
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)NS600.31.017641008
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)COPD601.4083333332.70512957
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)CS600.7916666672.157548174
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)FS600.1166666670.653326992
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)NS600.1666666670.905101674
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)COPD601.6833333332.119255279
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)CS600.7333333331.629876429
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)FS600.3666666671.076980504
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)NS600.1750.623175303
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)COPD601.1666666672.474731053
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)CS600.51.402177483
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)FS600.1833333330.952101452
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)NS600.1666666670.806050566
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)COPD604.8253.247978511
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)CS602.42.730555292
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)FS601.2333333332.206436399
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)NS600.51.100847131
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)COPD603.8666666673.48588761
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)CS601.1251.798363192
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)FS601.0166666671.822567259
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)NS600.4916666671.250395418
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lag score(P2 : deeper)COPD603.1753.497971567
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lag score(P2 : deeper)CS601.3166666672.286598144
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lag score(P2 : deeper)FS600.6416666671.441196733
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lag score(P2 : deeper)NS600.5833333331.618658858
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)COPD605.53.900239019
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)CS602.1666666673.458797022
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)FS601.4583333332.61561748
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)NS600.8752.293367371
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)COPD601.7083333332.583014378
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)CS600.2916666671.136049006
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)FS600.0833333330.645497224
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)NS6000
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lead score(P2 : deeper)COPD601.62.634194953
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lead score(P2 : deeper)CS600.2666666671.300152099
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lead score(P2 : deeper)FS600.2250.913296321
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lead score(P2 : deeper)NS600.2166666670.703301335
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)COPD6033.278073018
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)CS600.8666666672.037501516
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)FS600.651.87603079
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)NS600.6833333331.620751726
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)COPD605.3083333333.654683165
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)CS601.8916666672.861331423
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)FS601.72.843666766
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)NS600.7833333331.795395869
Dataset 5. Stethographics.R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)COPD604.2666666673.219994035
Dataset 5. Stethographics.R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)CS601.4583333332.370889247
Dataset 5. Stethographics.R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)FS601.5252.446763688
Dataset 5. Stethographics.R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)NS601.5916666672.09213958
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)COPD602.3666666672.510767772
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)CS601.251.800423679
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)FS600.8833333331.678292783
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)NS600.7166666671.657971669
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Slope of chest vs trachea during Insp(P2 : deeper)COPD602.2252.227381605
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Slope of chest vs trachea during Insp(P2 : deeper)CS601.4583333331.499411372
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Slope of chest vs trachea during Insp(P2 : deeper)FS601.0250.976091306
Dataset 5. Stethographics.Slope of chest vs trachea during Insp(P2 : deeper)NS600.91.281550967
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Bronchial wall thickeningCOPD600.8333333330.418498797
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Bronchial wall thickeningCS600.60.494032182
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Bronchial wall thickeningFS600.5166666670.503939284
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Bronchial wall thickeningNS600.2833333330.454419603
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.EmphysemaCOPD601.61.278240316
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.EmphysemaCS600.3666666670.581251329
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.EmphysemaFS600.20.546173127
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.EmphysemaNS590.0508474580.221571878
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Emphysema TypeCOPD600.9333333330.733384693
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Emphysema TypeCS600.4833333330.77002458
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Emphysema TypeFS590.1525423730.407412327
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Emphysema TypeNS590.0508474580.221571878
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Extent of DiseaseCOPD602.3166666670.83344632
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Extent of DiseaseCS601.5666666670.673132487
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Extent of DiseaseFS601.2666666670.51639778
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Extent of DiseaseNS601.1166666670.555150512
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Intestitial ScoreCOPD600.2666666671.191305603
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Intestitial ScoreCS600.1166666670.640224184
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Intestitial ScoreFS6000
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Intestitial ScoreNS600.10.543061004
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Intestitial diseaseCOPD600.1166666670.523730642
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Intestitial diseaseCS600.0666666670.406167147
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Intestitial diseaseFS5900
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Intestitial diseaseNS600.0333333330.181020335
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Intestitial disease distributionCOPD590.1525423730.69016638
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Intestitial disease distributionCS590.0508474580.28909662
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Intestitial disease distributionFS5600
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Intestitial disease distributionNS600.0666666670.362040669
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Nodules + other abnormality scoreCOPD602.4333333332.353264351
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Nodules + other abnormality scoreCS602.0666666671.981838443
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Nodules + other abnormality scoreFS602.0833333331.942317912
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Nodules + other abnormality scoreNS601.1333333331.407807126
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Severity of bronchial dilatationCOPD600.4166666670.497167116
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Severity of bronchial dilatationCS600.5666666670.499717434
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Severity of bronchial dilatationFS600.5666666670.532555931
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Severity of bronchial dilatationNS600.5333333330.503097749
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Small airways diseaseCOPD601.0666666671.0229016
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Small airways diseaseCS601.250.750705883
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Small airways diseaseFS601.0666666670.733384693
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Small airways diseaseNS600.8333333330.692983397
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Total Bronchiectasis ScoreCOPD600.450.565235814
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Total Bronchiectasis ScoreCS600.550.565235814
Dataset 6. Lung HRCT.Total Bronchiectasis ScoreFS600.5666666670.532555931
This is a portion of the data; to view all the data, please download the file.
Dataset 9.Basic Summary Statistics.
Summary statistics for dataset 2–dataset 8 were computed for each of the 4 study groups. When multiple measurements of a given endpoint were available for a given subject, the median of these measurements was used for the given subject. The dataset contains the dataset number where individual measurements come from (Dataset), the considered test (TEST) and corresponding unit (STRESU), the group used for computing summary statistics (Group), and the following summary statistics: sample size (N), average (Mean), and standard deviation (Std).

Data availability

The main data are provided for the 240 subjects who completed the study (60 subjects per group). For some assessments, parameters were measured at 2 visits and the measurement for each visit is provided. Missing data were not replaced.

Clinical study data were transferred from the clinical site as locked SAS datasets, formatted according to the Study Data Tabulation Model or SDTM (https://www.cdisc.org/standards/foundational/sdtm, accessed 16 May 2017). The data presented here was extracted from these standardized study datasets.

Dataset 1. Demographics. List of all unique study subject IDs (USUBJID) and demographic information including sex, age, COPD GOLD stage (if any), cigarette consumption (expressed as pack-years and cigarettes per day), study group (ARMCD), and the matching ID (MATCHID) allowing the pairing of control subjects to their ‘matched’ COPD subject.

DOI, 10.5256/f1000research.11698.d16378125

Dataset 2. Vital Signs. Table of body mass index, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, heart and respiration rate measures. The data for each measurement (TEST) are presented as value (standard result, STRESN) and unit (standard unit, STRESU) for each subject, and visit number (VISITNUM) at which measurements were obtained.

DOI, 10.5256/f1000research.11698.d16378226

Dataset 3. Lung Function. Table of lung function data for each subject, including percent predicted values for:

  • -   Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 %Pred)

  • -   Forced vital capacity (FVC %Pred)

  • -   Ratio of FEV1 to maximum vital capacity (FEV 1 % VC MAX)

  • -   Functional residual volume by helium dilution technique (FRC-He %Pred)

  • -   Maximum expiratory flow at 25% of expired volume (MEF 25 %Pred)

  • -   Maximum expiratory flow at 75% of expired volume (MEF 75 %Pred)

  • -   Diffusion capacity (transfer factor) for carbon monoxide (TLCO %Pred)

The data for each measurement (TEST) are presented as value (standard result, STRESN), together with the visit number (VISITNUM) at which measurements were obtained.

DOI, 10.5256/f1000research.11698.d16378327

Dataset 4. Impulse Oscillometry. Table of impulse oscillometry data for each subject, including resistance at 5 (R at 5Hz) and 20 Hertz (R at 20Hz), reactance at 5 (X at 5Hz), and Resonant Frequency. The data for each measurement (TEST) are presented as value (standard result, STRESN), together with the visit number (VISITNUM) at which measurements were obtained.

DOI, 10.5256/f1000research.11698.d16378428

Dataset 5. Stethographics. Stethographics measures for each subject were obtained for 2 breathing patterns, also referred to as normal breathing pattern or P1 (P1 : normal) and deeper breathing or P2 (P2 : deeper). Data presented here include scores for:

  • -   Expiratory crackle rate for P2 breathing pattern [Expir Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)]

  • -   Inspiratory crackle rate for P2 breathing pattern [Insp Crackle Rate(P2 : deeper)]

  • -   Expiratory wheeze rate for P2 breathing pattern [Expir Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)]

  • -   Inspiratory wheeze rate for P2 breathing pattern [Insp Wheeze Rate(P2 : deeper)]

  • -   Inspiratory chest amplitude for P2 breathing pattern [Insp chest RMS score(P2 : deeper)]

  • -   Average lead and lag of chest channels compared to the tracheal channel for P2 breathing pattern [Lead score(P2 : deeper); Lag score(P2 : deeper)]

  • -   Inter-channel asynchrony at the beginning and end of inspiration for P2 breathing pattern [Lead STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound) (P2 : deeper); Lag STDev score (channel asynchrony independent of trachea sound)(P2 : deeper)]

  • -   Lead time-integrated amplitude for P2 breathing pattern [Lead time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)]

  • -   Lag time-integrated amplitude for P2 breathing pattern [Lag time-integrated amplitude(P2 : deeper)]

  • -   Ratio of low frequency energy to high frequency energy for P2 breathing pattern [Max R4 (low freq/high freq)(P2 : deeper)]

  • -   Ratio of duration of inspiration to the duration of expiration for P2 breathing pattern [R1 (Insp.Dur/Expir.Dur)(P2 : deeper)]

  • -   Ratios of peak inspiratory amplitude to peak expiratory amplitude for P2 breathing pattern [Ratio(peak insp amplitude/peak expir amplitude)(P2 : deeper)]

  • -   Dynamic range score(P2 : deeper)

  • -   Slope of the chest versus tracheal sound function during inspiration for P2 breathing pattern [Slope of chest vs trachea during Insp(P2 : deeper)]

  • -   Non-weighted total acoustic COPD scores for both breathing patterns [COPD total score NOTweighted(P1 : normal)], [COPD total score NOTweighted(P2 : deeper)]

  • -   Weighted total acoustic COPD scores for both breathing patterns [COPD total score weighted(P1 : normal)], [COPD total score weighted(P2 : deeper)]

The individual scores for each stethographics parameter (TEST) are presented as value (standard result, STRESN) for each subject, together with the visit number (VISITNUM) at which stethographics was performed.

DOI, 10.5256/f1000research.11698.d16378629

Dataset 6. Lung HRCT. HRCT data for each subject are presented as scores for:

  • -   Bronchial wall thickening

  • -   Emphysema and Emphysema Type

  • -   Extent of Disease

  • -   Interstitial disease and Interstitial disease distribution

  • -   Interstitial Score

  • -   Nodules + other abnormality

  • -   Severity of bronchial dilatation

  • -   Small airways disease

  • -   Traction bronchiectasis

  • -   The sum of the severity of bronchial dilatation and traction bronchiectasis scores (Total Bronchiectasis Score)

  • -   The representative mean of the 5 component scores, i.e. Extent of Disease score, Severity of bronchial dilatation score, Traction bronchiectasis, Bronchial wall thickening score, and Small airways disease score (Total COPD CT Score)

The individual scores for each CT parameter (TEST) are presented as value (standard result, STRESN) together with the visit number (VISITNUM) at which HRCT scans were obtained.

DOI, 10.5256/f1000research.11698.d16378830

Dataset 7. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tolerance Test. Cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance test data, i.e. heart rate, gas exchange ratio or respiratory exchange ratio (RER), absolute and relative rates of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2; VO2/kg), absolute and relative percent predicted oxygen consumption (VO2 %Pred; VO2/kg %Pred), and carbon monoxide output (VCO2) for each subject.

The data for each measurement (TEST) are presented as value (standard result, STRESN) and unit (standard unit, STRESU) for each subject, together with the visit number (VISITNUM) at which measurements were obtained.

DOI, 10.5256/f1000research.11698.d16378931

Dataset 8. Questionnaires. Table listing individual scores for:

  • -   Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) Dyspnoea Scale (MMRCDS for BODE)

  • -   Bodily Pain component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_Bodily Pain)

  • -   General Health component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_General Health)

  • -   Mental Health component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_Mental Health)

  • -   Physical Functioning component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_Physical Functioning)

  • -   Social Functioning component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_Social Functioning)

  • -   Emotional Role Functioning component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_Role Emotional)

  • -   Physical Role Functioning component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_Role Physical)

  • -   Vitality component of SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36_Vitality)

  • -   Modified BODE index (mBODE Index)

The score for each assessment (TEST) is presented as value (standard result, STRESN) for each subject.

DOI, 10.5256/f1000research.11698.d16379032

Dataset 9. Basic Summary Statistics. Summary statistics for dataset 2–dataset 8 were computed for each of the 4 study groups. When multiple measurements of a given endpoint were available for a given subject, the median of these measurements was used for the given subject. The dataset contains the dataset number where individual measurements come from (Dataset), the considered test (TEST) and corresponding unit (STRESU), the group used for computing summary statistics (Group), and the following summary statistics: sample size (N), average (Mean), and standard deviation (Std).

DOI, 10.5256/f1000research.11698.d19624033

Consent

The study protocol number QASMC202 was reviewed and approved by The Black Country Ethics Committee, a UK National Health Service (NHS) Ethics Committee (reference number 11/WM/0114).

Written informed consent to collect and use personal data such as age, gender, ethnicity and medical/surgical history, and to publish these results was obtained from all study participants. None of the study participants can be identified by the sponsor by using any of the data provided in this data note.

Author contributions

NIC, MJP, MCP conceived and designed the study. EP and LFM managed and coordinated the study. GV and PL prepared and analysed the data. KL wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and MJP and GV contributed to the writing of the manuscript. MJP, GV, and JH made critical revisions of the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

Competing interests

NIC, KL, MJP, EP, LFM, GV, PL, MCP and JH are full-time employees of Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris International. KL, MJP, EP, LFM, GV, PL, MCP and JH declared no other potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. NIC discloses royalties related to the sales of OFEV (nintedanib; Boehringer Ingelheim), which is marketed for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.

Grant information

Philip Morris International was the sole source of funding for this study.

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to the clinical staff for their extraordinary clinical experience and diligence in conducting this study. The authors would further like to acknowledge Filippo Toni and Jeremie de Torrente for their project management support throughout the course of the study. Special thanks also goes to Kishor Lad for assistance with clinical data management activities.

Supplementary material

Supplementary Material S1: Inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Click here to access the data.

Supplementary Material S2. Removal/withdrawal of subjects from the study.

Click here to access the data.

Supplementary Material S3. Study restrictions.

Click here to access the data.

Supplementary Material S4. Schedule of events.

Click here to access the data.

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  • 25.  Vuillaume G, Chaudhary N, Luettich K, et al.: Dataset 1 in: Data of physiological measurements and quality of life in subjects with mild to moderate COPD compared to asymptomatic current smokers, former smokers and never-smokers. F1000Research. 2017. Data Source
  • 26.  Vuillaume G, Chaudhary N, Luettich K, et al.: Dataset 2 in: Data of physiological measurements and quality of life in subjects with mild to moderate COPD compared to asymptomatic current smokers, former smokers and never-smokers. F1000Research. 2017. Data Source
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Chaudhary N, Luettich K, Peck MJ et al. Physiological and biological characterization of smokers with and without COPD [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. F1000Research 2018, 6:877 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11698.2)
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Reviewer Report 07 Mar 2018
Amany F. Elbehairy, Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada 
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https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.15389.r31598
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Elbehairy AF. Reviewer Report For: Physiological and biological characterization of smokers with and without COPD [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. F1000Research 2018, 6:877 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.15389.r31598)
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David Mannino, Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA 
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https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.12639.r25445
The authors provide data from a Phillip Morris sponsored study that looks at biomarkers of lung health in a groups of people with COPD and "healthy" current, former and never smokers.  The data is provided- but no analysis is done ... Continue reading
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Mannino D. Reviewer Report For: Physiological and biological characterization of smokers with and without COPD [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. F1000Research 2018, 6:877 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.12639.r25445)
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  • Author Response 07 Mar 2018
    Gregory Vuillaume, Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris International R&D, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
    07 Mar 2018
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    We appreciate the positive feedback. While our intention was to provide the data describing the physiological characteristics of the study population, we understand the reviewer’s point of view and prepared ... Continue reading
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  • Author Response 07 Mar 2018
    Gregory Vuillaume, Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris International R&D, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
    07 Mar 2018
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    We appreciate the positive feedback. While our intention was to provide the data describing the physiological characteristics of the study population, we understand the reviewer’s point of view and prepared ... Continue reading
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Reviewer Report 20 Jul 2017
Amany F. Elbehairy, Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada 
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https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.12639.r23964
The authors presented detailed data across groups of smokers with and without COPD and healthy non-smokers. Data are well presented and methodology is detailed. I have 3 comments/suggestions.
  1. The title is very long and need to
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Elbehairy AF. Reviewer Report For: Physiological and biological characterization of smokers with and without COPD [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. F1000Research 2018, 6:877 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.12639.r23964)
The direct URL for this report is:
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NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
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  • Author Response 07 Mar 2018
    Gregory Vuillaume, Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris International R&D, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
    07 Mar 2018
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    1. We are grateful for the reviewer’s feedback and followed the advice to shorten the title accordingly.
    2. We are uncertain whether we understand this comment correctly. The reference
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  • Author Response 07 Mar 2018
    Gregory Vuillaume, Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris International R&D, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
    07 Mar 2018
    Author Response
    1. We are grateful for the reviewer’s feedback and followed the advice to shorten the title accordingly.
    2. We are uncertain whether we understand this comment correctly. The reference
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  1. Amany F. Elbehairy, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
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