Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of <i>Zingiber montanum</i> extract

Swandari Paramita; Meiliati Aminyoto; Sjarif Ismail; Enos Tangke Arung

doi:10.12688/f1000research.16417.1

Home Browse Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of Zingiber montanum extract

ALL Metrics

Views

Downloads

Get PDF

Get XML

Export

▬

✚

Research Article

Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of Zingiber montanum extract

[version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]

Swandari Paramita^1,2, Meiliati Aminyoto², Sjarif Ismail^1,3, Enos Tangke Arung⁴

PUBLISHED 15 Nov 2018

Author details Author details

¹ Center for Medicine and Public Health Research, Institute for Research and Community Services, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75119, Indonesia
² Laboratory of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75119, Indonesia
³ Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75119, Indonesia
⁴ Laboratory of Forest Product Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75119, Indonesia

Swandari Paramita
Roles: Conceptualization, Project Administration, Supervision, Writing – Original Draft Preparation

Meiliati Aminyoto
Roles: Data Curation, Software, Writing – Review & Editing

Sjarif Ismail
Roles: Formal Analysis, Methodology, Visualization

Enos Tangke Arung
Roles: Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Validation

OPEN PEER REVIEW

REVIEWER STATUS

This article is included in the ICTROPS 2018 collection.

Abstract

Background: Hypercholesterolemia, high cholesterol levels in the blood, can contribute to many forms of disease, most notably cardiovascular disease. Anti-hypercholesterolemic agents generally used for those conditions have several side effects for patients. Zingiber montanum, known locally as “bangle”, belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and is a potential plants for alternative anti-hypercholesterolemic agents. This plant, from East Kalimantan, is used in traditional medicine for health problems caused by high cholesterol levels. The aim of this research was to find alternatives to anti-hypercholesterolemic agents, especially from natural sources.
Methods: This study was an experimental study using 30 Wistar male white rats. Subjects were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=5): (1) normal control group; (2) high fat diet control group; (3) high fat diet with simvastatin; (4-6) high fat diet with Zingiber montanum extracts 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. After 4 weeks of treatment, blood was collected from all groups, and plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were measured.
Results: The results showed significant differences in total cholesterol (p=0.000), LDL (p=0.000) and triglycerides (p=0.001) in the high-fat diet group with Z. montanum extract, as compared to the high-fat diet control. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in HDL levels (p=0.830) between the high-fat diet group and other groups. The results also showed significant differences in total cholesterol and LDLs for rats treated with Z. montanum extract, 100 mg/kg (p=0.000), 200 mg/kg (p=0.000), and 400 mg/kg (p=0.000) compared to the high-fat diet group. The result of Z. montanum 400 mg/kg also showed a significant reduction, not only for total cholesterol and LDLs, but also for triglycerides (p=0.030).
Conclusion: It could be concluded that Z. montanum extracts have the potency to be further developed as a new natural source of the anti-hypercholesterolemic agents.

Keywords

anti-hypercholesterolemic, Zingiber montanum

Corresponding author: Enos Tangke Arung

Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

Grant information: This work was supported with funding from the Project Implementation Unit IsDB Universitas Mulawarman for financing this research, as part of the implementation of IsDB Grant Research Year of 2018 [448/UN17.45/DL/2018].
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright: © 2018 Paramita S et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero "No rights reserved" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).

How to cite: Paramita S, Aminyoto M, Ismail S and Arung ET. Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of Zingiber montanum extract [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2018, 7:1798 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16417.1) First published: 15 Nov 2018, 7:1798 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16417.1) Latest published: 14 Aug 2019, 7:1798 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16417.2)

Introduction

Hypercholesterolemia is a condition characterized by very high levels of cholesterol in the blood¹. Excess cholesterol in the bloodstream can be deposited into the walls of blood vessels. Hypercholesterolemia certainly predicts coronary heart disease risk². Numerous agents can be used for hypercholesterolemia patients, one of them is HMG CoA reductase inhibitors or statins (i.e. Simvastatin)³. Side effects of statins are usually very well tolerated but can cause hepatitis-like symptoms and myopathy⁴.

Many plants have been used in traditional medicine in Indonesia. Zingiber montanum (J.Koenig) Link ex A.Dietr. (in Indonesian is called Bangle) are potent as antihypercholesterolemic⁵. Among the synonyms, Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. and Zingiber purpureum Roscoe are commonly used for Z. montanum⁶. In Southeast Asian countries, Z. montanum is well-known for its anti-inflammatory properties⁷. Z. montanum is used as a traditional medicine in East Kalimantan for health problems caused by high cholesterol level⁸. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-hypercholesterolaemic effect of Z. montanum in rat models of hypercholesterolemia.

Methods

Plant material

The sampling of medicinal plants was conducted in the Kutai Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan (0°24’18.4”S 117°4’24.7”E).

Plant extraction

The rhizomes of Z. montanum were sliced and dried at room temperature for 3 days, crushed and transferred into a glass container. Crushed rhizomes was soaked in absolute ethanol (9401-03 Alcohol, Anhydrous, Reagent, J.T. Baker) for 5 days. The mixture was shaken occasionally with a shaker (3525 Incubator Orbital Shaker, Lab-Line, US). After 5 days, the materials were filtered (Whatman Filter Paper 11µm, Sigma-Aldrich) and evaporated using a rotary evaporator (RV06-ML Rotary Evaporator, IKA, Germany). The dried extracts were obtained and stored at 4°C in a dark bottle until use.

Experimental model

Based on Federer’s rule, with six group of induction, 30 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), weighing 250–350g, aged 12–13 months, were obtained from Animal House Faculty of Medicine (Mulawarman University) and randomly divided into 6 groups: control, high fat diet, high fat diet with simvastatin and high fat diet with 3 different doses of Z. montanum extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). They were acclimatized for 1 week in a controlled room temperature of 25°C, with a 12-hour light/dark cycle, and access to food pellets and filtered water ad libitum to adapt to the new environment. They were housed in wire cages (30×30×30 cm), one animal in each cage. All the treatment rats were given high fat diet for 4 weeks with 10% chicken egg yolk and reused cooking oil to their standard pellet diet (Japfa, Comfeed, Indonesia) with tap water ad libitum.

Biochemical analysis

After 4 weeks of treatment, blood was collected from all groups after an overnight fasting. All animals were anesthetized intraperitoneally with a ketamine injection (Hameln, Germany) at a dose of 60 mg/kg before blood was taken. After anesthetized, animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Blood was aspirated through the left ventricle of each animals’ heart. Two mililiters of blood was aspirated using a 3 ml disposable syringe and then inserted in a vaccutainer tube with an anticoagulant. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDLs), and low density lipoproteins (LDLs) were measured with an automatic analyzer system (BiOLis 24i; Boeki, Tokyo, Japan).

Data analysis

All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.0 for Windows. Data normality was examined using Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Then data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc with Tukey test. A p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Ethical considerations

All protocols used in this experiment received approval from the Ethical Animal Care from the Medical and Health Research Ethics Commission, Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University with approval number 81/KEPK-FK/V/2018. All efforts were made to ameliorate any suffering of animals used in this research.

Results

The results showed that significant differences between total cholesterol (p=0.000), LDL (p=0.000) and triglycerides (p=0.001) (Figure 1) levels achieved between high fat diet group and Z. montanum extracts. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in the HDL (p=0.830) level between the high fat diet group and other groups. Tukey post hoc test showed significant differences between total cholesterol (p=0.000) and LDL (p=0.000) levels with the high fat diet group. The results of Z. montanum 400 mg/kg also showed a significant reduction, not only for total cholesterol, but also for triglyceride (p=0.030) levels (Table 1).

Figure 1. Comparative effect of Zingiber montanum and simvastatin in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) level.

Table 1. Effect of Zingiber montanum and simvastatin total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) level.

Group	Total Cholesterol (mg/ml)	HDL (mg/ml)	LDL (mg/ml)	Triglycerides (mg/ml)
HFD control	241.0 ± 11.6	44.8 ± 6.7	163.8 ± 13.1	161.8 ± 30.6
HFD + SIM	128.2 ± 9.4*	38.2 ± 11.8	73.2 ± 4.7*	84.2 ± 24.6*
HFD + ZM-1	168.0 ± 25.4*	40.6 ± 11.2	103.1 ± 6.9*	121.4 ± 28.4
HFD + ZM-2	144.2 ± 14.9*	39.2 ± 6.7	82.6 ± 3.4*	112.0 ± 25.0
HFD + ZM-3	135.2 ± 19.0*	37.2 ± 14.1	77.5 ± 7.7*	102.6 ± 37.1*
Normal control	101.4 ± 2.2*	36.8 ± 8.4	50.3 ± 3.3*	71.4 ± 19.7*

Note: HFD = high-fat diet, SIM = simvastatin; ZM-1 = Z. montanum 100 mg/kg;

ZM-2 = Z. montanum 200 mg/kg; ZM-3 = Z. montanum 400 mg/kg

*Tukey post hoc test significant p<0.05 compared to HFD control

Dataset 1.Effect of ethanol extract of Zingiber montanum and simvastatin in total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) levels after 4 weeks of treatment in a high fat diet rat model.

Discussion

Z. montanum (Supplementary File 1) is used medicinally in Asia, primarily as a carminative and stimulant for the stomach, and to treat diarrhea and colic⁹. Pharmacological properties of Z. montanum include antimicrobial activity, anti-oxidant activity, insecticidal-activity, anti-cancer, anticholinesterase activity, and anti-inflammatory¹⁰. The main constituents, terpinen-4-ol and DMPBD, has been found to be effective against bacteria and also have anti-inflammatory activity¹¹.

The rhizome extracts of Z. montanum showed the highest total curcuminoid content compared to other species of Zingiber^7,12. Curcuminoid isolated from Z. montanum may possess a potent protective action against oxidative stress¹³. The major target for anti-atherosclerotic activity is a modification of lipoprotein levels or LDL oxidation¹⁴. Curcumin as antioxidants could efficiently prevent LDL oxidation¹⁵. The decrease in the total cholesterol and triglycerides levels may be attributed to hypolipidemic agents in Z. montanum. The significant changes in LDL levels suggest that Z. montanum is having an effect on lipid metabolism¹⁶. It is suggested that curcumin with other chemical compounds from Z. montanum could show anti-hypercholesterolemic effects.

Conclusion

It could be concluded that Z. montanum extracts have the potenial to reduce lipid profile level, which could be further developed as a natural source of the anti-hypercholesterolemic agents.

Data availability

F1000Research: Dataset 1. Effect of ethanol extract of Zingiber montanum and simvastatin in total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) levels after 4 weeks of treatment in a high fat diet rat model., http://dx.doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16417.d221668¹⁷

Grant information

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Supplementary material

Supplementary File 1: Picture of rhizome of Zingiber montanum (J.Koenig) Link ex A.Dietr.

Click here to access the data

Faculty Opinions recommended

References

1. World Health Organization: Raised Cholesterol: Situation and Trends. Global Health Observatory Data (GHO), 2018. Reference Source
2. National Institutes of Health: Hypercholesterolemia. National Library of Medicine. 2018. Reference Source
3. Libby P: The Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Atherosclerosis. In Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, Nineteenth, DL Kasper, SL Hauser, JL Jameson, AS Fauci, DL Longo, and J Loscalzo, Eds. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2015; 291e1–291e10. Reference Source
4. Draznin B, Epstein S, Turner HE, et al.: Lipids and Hyperlipidemia. In Oxford American Handbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011; 677–687.
5. Iswantini D, Silitonga RF, Martatilofa E, et al.: Zingiber cassumunar, Guazuma ulmifolia, and Murraya paniculata Extracts as Antiobesity: In Vitro Inhibitory Effect on Pancreatic Lipase Activity. HAYATI J Biosci. 2011; 18(1): 6–10. Publisher Full Text
6. The Plant List: Zingiber montanum (J.Koenig) Link ex A.Dietr. 2018; [Online]. Reference Source
7. Kantayos V, Paisooksantivatana Y: Antioxidant Activity and Selected Chemical Components of 10 Zingiber spp. in Thailand. J Dev Sustain Agric. 2012; 7(1): 89–96. Publisher Full Text
8. Kementerian Kesehatan RI: Laporan Nasional RISTOJA 2015. Jakarta, Indonesia: Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 2016. Reference Source
9. Kamazeri TS, Samah OA, Taher M, et al.: Antimicrobial activity and essential oils of Curcuma aeruginosa, Curcuma mangga, and Zingiber cassumunar from Malaysia. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2012; 5(3): 202–209. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
10. Buiyan MNI, Chowdhury JU, Begum J: Volatile constituents of essential oils isolated from leaf and rhizome of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2008; 3(2): 69–37. Publisher Full Text
11. Singh C, Manglembi N, Swapana N, et al.: Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Zingiberaceae). J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2015; 4(1): 1–6. Reference Source
12. Bua-in S, Paisooksantivatana Y: Essential Oil and Antioxidant Activity of Cassumunar Ginger (Zingiberaceae: Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Link ex Dietr.) Collected from Various Parts of Thailand. Kasetsart J (Nat Sci.). 2009; 43: 467–475. Reference Source
13. Chairul C, Praptiwi P, Chairul SM: Phagocytosis Effectivity Test of Phenylbutenoid Compounds Isolated from Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) Rhizome. Biodiversitas. 2009; 10(1): 40–43. Publisher Full Text
14. Bei WJ, Guo J, Wu HY, et al.: Lipid-regulating effect of traditional chinese medicine: mechanisms of actions. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012; 2012: 970635. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text
15. Kajal A, Kishore L, Kaur N, et al.: Therapeutic agents for the management of atherosclerosis from herbal sources. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2016; 5(2): 156–169. Publisher Full Text
16. Arthur FKN, Woode E, Terlabi EO, et al.: Evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicity of Annona Muricata (Linn.) aqueous extract in animals. Euro J Exp Bio. 2011; 1(4): 115–124. Reference Source
17. Paramita S, Aminyoto M, Ismail S, et al.: Dataset 1 in: Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of Zingiber montanum. extract. F1000Research. 2018. http://www.doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16417.d221668

Comments on this article Comments (0)

Version 2

VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 15 Nov 2018

Author details Author details

Swandari Paramita
Roles: Conceptualization, Project Administration, Supervision, Writing – Original Draft Preparation

Meiliati Aminyoto
Roles: Data Curation, Software, Writing – Review & Editing

Sjarif Ismail
Roles: Formal Analysis, Methodology, Visualization

Enos Tangke Arung
Roles: Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Validation

Competing interests

No competing interests were disclosed.

Grant information

This work was supported with funding from the Project Implementation Unit IsDB Universitas Mulawarman for financing this research, as part of the implementation of IsDB Grant Research Year of 2018 [448/UN17.45/DL/2018].
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Article Versions (2)

version 2

Revised

Published: 14 Aug 2019, 7:1798

https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16417.2

version 1

Published: 15 Nov 2018, 7:1798

https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16417.1

© 2018 Paramita S et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero "No rights reserved" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).

Download

Export To

metrics

	Views	Downloads
F1000Research	-	-
PubMed Central Data from PMC are received and updated monthly.	-	-

Citations

SEE MORE DETAILS

CITE

how to cite this article

Paramita S, Aminyoto M, Ismail S and Arung ET. Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of Zingiber montanum extract [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2018, 7:1798 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16417.1)

NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.

track

receive updates on this article

Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article.

Open Peer Review

Version 1

VERSION 1

PUBLISHED 15 Nov 2018

Views

Reviewer Report 28 Nov 2018

Deny Susanti, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia

Approved with Reservations

https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.17936.r40719

1. The manuscript needs to be sent for proofreading. There are a lot of grammatical mistakes and poor sentence construction, and there is no connection between sentences in paragraphs.

2. In the manuscript, the voucher of herbarium specimen of the plant should be stated, and also where the herbarium specimen is deposited and who is identifying the plant (botanist).

3. Please mention the replication that was conducted in each experiment.

4. Discussion: rewrite the discussion to discuss more details about the results of the experiments and compare the previous research or facts from the article or book, to support the results.

5. Check on how to write the species name of plants for the first and subsequent usage, and be consistent.

Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature?

Yes
Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound?

Yes
Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others?

Yes
If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate?

Yes
Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility?

Yes
Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results?

Yes

Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

Reviewer Expertise: Natural Product Chemistry, Bioactivity study

I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above.

CITE

Report a concern

Author Response 14 Aug 2019

Swandari Paramita, Center for Medicine and Public Health Research, Institute for Research and Community Services, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia

14 Aug 2019

Author Response

1. The manuscript has sent for proofreading.
2. The plant was authenticated by Ir. Hj. Hastaniah, M.P. and the voucher specimen (voucher number: 27b/UN17.4.3.08/LL/2018) was deposited to Laboratory of Dendrology ... Continue reading 1. The manuscript has sent for proofreading.
2. The plant was authenticated by Ir. Hj. Hastaniah, M.P. and the voucher specimen (voucher number: 27b/UN17.4.3.08/LL/2018) was deposited to Laboratory of Dendrology and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia.
3. There was one replication that was conducted in each experiment of every sample.
4. In the discussion has been rewriting to explain the results of the experiments and compare the previous research to support the results.
5. All the species name of the plants has been corrected as “Zingiber montanum” for the first, and “Z. montanum” for subsequent usage.
1. The manuscript has sent for proofreading.
2. The plant was authenticated by Ir. Hj. Hastaniah, M.P. and the voucher specimen (voucher number: 27b/UN17.4.3.08/LL/2018) was deposited to Laboratory of Dendrology and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia.
3. There was one replication that was conducted in each experiment of every sample.
4. In the discussion has been rewriting to explain the results of the experiments and compare the previous research to support the results.
5. All the species name of the plants has been corrected as “Zingiber montanum” for the first, and “Z. montanum” for subsequent usage.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern
Respond or Comment

COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT

Author Response 14 Aug 2019

Swandari Paramita, Center for Medicine and Public Health Research, Institute for Research and Community Services, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia

14 Aug 2019

Author Response

1. The manuscript has sent for proofreading.
2. The plant was authenticated by Ir. Hj. Hastaniah, M.P. and the voucher specimen (voucher number: 27b/UN17.4.3.08/LL/2018) was deposited to Laboratory of Dendrology ... Continue reading 1. The manuscript has sent for proofreading.
2. The plant was authenticated by Ir. Hj. Hastaniah, M.P. and the voucher specimen (voucher number: 27b/UN17.4.3.08/LL/2018) was deposited to Laboratory of Dendrology and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia.
3. There was one replication that was conducted in each experiment of every sample.
4. In the discussion has been rewriting to explain the results of the experiments and compare the previous research to support the results.
5. All the species name of the plants has been corrected as “Zingiber montanum” for the first, and “Z. montanum” for subsequent usage.
1. The manuscript has sent for proofreading.
2. The plant was authenticated by Ir. Hj. Hastaniah, M.P. and the voucher specimen (voucher number: 27b/UN17.4.3.08/LL/2018) was deposited to Laboratory of Dendrology and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia.
3. There was one replication that was conducted in each experiment of every sample.
4. In the discussion has been rewriting to explain the results of the experiments and compare the previous research to support the results.
5. All the species name of the plants has been corrected as “Zingiber montanum” for the first, and “Z. montanum” for subsequent usage.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern

Comments on this article Comments (0)

Version 2

VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 15 Nov 2018

Open Peer Review

Reviewer Status

Reviewer Reports

	Invited Reviewers
	1	2
Version 2 (revision) 14 Aug 19	read	read
Version 1 15 Nov 18	read

Deny Susanti, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
Marisa Palazzo, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy

Comments on this article

All Comments(0)

Add a comment

Browse by related subjects

Back to all reports

Reviewer Report

8 Views

16 Jun 2021 | for Version 2

Marisa Palazzo, Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, 86100, Italy

8 Views Cite this report Responses(0)

Approved

The purpose of the article was to present the influence of Zingiber montanum on cholesterolemia. The document presents information on the beneficial effect of this spice on the lipid structure of an individual and, therefore, on how it is important to use Z. montanum.

Paper is well written and the experimental design is set up well . However, it is not the first study that is done on the beneficial characteristics of Z. montanum and statistical analysis should be better described.

However, I agree that Z. montanum has been discovered to deliver anti-hypercholesterolemic effects to experimental subjects, making it a potential to act as a natural source of anti-hypercholesterolemic agents.

Before being indexed, the article requires an English language edit.

Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature?

Yes
Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound?

Yes
Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others?

Yes
If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate?

Partly
Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility?

Yes
Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results?

Yes

Competing Interests

No competing interests were disclosed.

Reviewer Expertise

Animal production

I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard.

Respond to this report

Responses (0)

Back to all reports

Reviewer Report

14 Views

22 Aug 2019 | for Version 2

Deny Susanti, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia

14 Views Cite this report Responses(0)

Approved

The authors have followed all suggestion given

Competing Interests

No competing interests were disclosed.

Reviewer Expertise

Natural Product Chemistry, Bioactivity study

I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard.

Respond to this report

Responses (0)

Back to all reports

Reviewer Report

31 Views

28 Nov 2018 | for Version 1

Deny Susanti, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia

31 Views Cite this report Responses(1)

Approved With Reservations

Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature?

Yes
Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound?

Yes
Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others?

Yes
If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate?

Yes
Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility?

Yes
Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results?

Yes

Competing Interests

No competing interests were disclosed.

Reviewer Expertise

Natural Product Chemistry, Bioactivity study

Respond to this report

Responses (1)

Author Response

14 Aug 2019

Swandari Paramita, Center for Medicine and Public Health Research, Institute for Research and Community Services, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia

1. The manuscript has sent for proofreading.
2. The plant was authenticated by Ir. Hj. Hastaniah, M.P. and the voucher specimen (voucher number: 27b/UN17.4.3.08/LL/2018) was deposited to Laboratory of Dendrology and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia.
3. There was one replication that was conducted in each experiment of every sample.
4. In the discussion has been rewriting to explain the results of the experiments and compare the previous research to support the results.
5. All the species name of the plants has been corrected as “Zingiber montanum” for the first, and “Z. montanum” for subsequent usage.

View more View less

Competing Interests

No competing interests were disclosed.

Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article:

Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested

Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit.

Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions

Click here to access the data.

Downloaded data do not display as expected? Download the data

[1] 1. World Health Organization: Raised Cholesterol: Situation and Trends. Global Health Observatory Data (GHO), 2018. Reference Source

[2] 2. National Institutes of Health: Hypercholesterolemia. National Library of Medicine. 2018. Reference Source

[3] 3. Libby P: The Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Atherosclerosis. In Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, Nineteenth, DL Kasper, SL Hauser, JL Jameson, AS Fauci, DL Longo, and J Loscalzo, Eds. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2015; 291e1–291e10. Reference Source

[4] 4. Draznin B, Epstein S, Turner HE, et al.: Lipids and Hyperlipidemia. In Oxford American Handbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011; 677–687.

[5] 5. Iswantini D, Silitonga RF, Martatilofa E, et al.: Zingiber cassumunar, Guazuma ulmifolia, and Murraya paniculata Extracts as Antiobesity: In Vitro Inhibitory Effect on Pancreatic Lipase Activity. HAYATI J Biosci. 2011; 18(1): 6–10. Publisher Full Text

[6] 6. The Plant List: Zingiber montanum (J.Koenig) Link ex A.Dietr. 2018; [Online]. Reference Source

[7] 7. Kantayos V, Paisooksantivatana Y: Antioxidant Activity and Selected Chemical Components of 10 Zingiber spp. in Thailand. J Dev Sustain Agric. 2012; 7(1): 89–96. Publisher Full Text

[8] 8. Kementerian Kesehatan RI: Laporan Nasional RISTOJA 2015. Jakarta, Indonesia: Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 2016. Reference Source

[9] 9. Kamazeri TS, Samah OA, Taher M, et al.: Antimicrobial activity and essential oils of Curcuma aeruginosa, Curcuma mangga, and Zingiber cassumunar from Malaysia. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2012; 5(3): 202–209. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text

[10] 10. Buiyan MNI, Chowdhury JU, Begum J: Volatile constituents of essential oils isolated from leaf and rhizome of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2008; 3(2): 69–37. Publisher Full Text

[11] 11. Singh C, Manglembi N, Swapana N, et al.: Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Zingiberaceae). J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2015; 4(1): 1–6. Reference Source

[12] 12. Bua-in S, Paisooksantivatana Y: Essential Oil and Antioxidant Activity of Cassumunar Ginger (Zingiberaceae: Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Link ex Dietr.) Collected from Various Parts of Thailand. Kasetsart J (Nat Sci.). 2009; 43: 467–475. Reference Source

[13] 13. Chairul C, Praptiwi P, Chairul SM: Phagocytosis Effectivity Test of Phenylbutenoid Compounds Isolated from Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) Rhizome. Biodiversitas. 2009; 10(1): 40–43. Publisher Full Text

[14] 14. Bei WJ, Guo J, Wu HY, et al.: Lipid-regulating effect of traditional chinese medicine: mechanisms of actions. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012; 2012: 970635. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text

[15] 15. Kajal A, Kishore L, Kaur N, et al.: Therapeutic agents for the management of atherosclerosis from herbal sources. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2016; 5(2): 156–169. Publisher Full Text

[16] 16. Arthur FKN, Woode E, Terlabi EO, et al.: Evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicity of Annona Muricata (Linn.) aqueous extract in animals. Euro J Exp Bio. 2011; 1(4): 115–124. Reference Source

[17] 17. Paramita S, Aminyoto M, Ismail S, et al.: Dataset 1 in: Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of Zingiber montanum. extract. F1000Research. 2018. http://www.doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16417.d221668

Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of Zingiber montanum extract

Abstract

Keywords

Introduction

Methods

Plant material

Plant extraction

Experimental model

Biochemical analysis

Data analysis

Ethical considerations

Results

Figure 1. Comparative effect of Zingiber montanum and simvastatin in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) level.

Table 1. Effect of Zingiber montanum and simvastatin total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) level.

Discussion

Conclusion

Data availability

Grant information

Supplementary material

References

Comments on this article Comments (0)

Open Peer Review

Comments on this article Comments (0)

Open Peer Review

Reviewer Status

Reviewer Reports

Comments on this article

Browse by related subjects

The problem

How to fix it

Competing Interests Policy

Stay Updated