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herbs, herbal, natural, agent, neuroprotective, mitochondria
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YURISALDI SALEH A and Yogi Saputra DA. Natural agents that are neuroprotective against mitochondria: a bibliometric-based research mapping 1998–2024, from cells to mitochondria [version 2; peer review: 1 approved]. F1000Research 2024, 13:754 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151380.2)
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Systematic Review
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Natural agents that are neuroprotective against mitochondria: a bibliometric-based research mapping 1998–2024, from cells to mitochondria
[version 2; peer review: 1 approved]
PUBLISHED 23 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Corresponding author:
ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH
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No competing interests were disclosed.
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The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work.
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© 2024 YURISALDI SALEH A and Yogi Saputra DA.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
How to cite: YURISALDI SALEH A and Yogi Saputra DA. Natural agents that are neuroprotective against mitochondria: a bibliometric-based research mapping 1998–2024, from cells to mitochondria [version 2; peer review: 1 approved]. F1000Research 2024, 13:754 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151380.2)
First published: 05 Jul 2024, 13:754 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151380.1)
Latest published: 23 Oct 2024, 13:754 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151380.2)
Revised Amendments from Version 1
We have revised the abstract and discussion sections of the manuscript as requested by the reviewer.
See the authors' detailed response to the review by Brijesh Kumar Singh
Introduction
Mitochondria are cell organelles that function as the cell’s main power plants, producing ATP, the main energy molecule in cells. Mitochondria also play a role in various other processes such as the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid metabolism. Therefore, mitochondria are essential for the normal functioning of cells and the organism as a whole.
In the context of neuroprotection, mitochondria play a very important role. Impaired mitochondrial function has been linked to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).1 Therefore, recent research in the field of neuroprotection has focused on the development of therapies targeting mitochondria.1
Natural ingredients have long been used in traditional medicine and have shown potential as neuroprotective agents.1 Several natural substances have been shown to have neuroprotective effects, either through improving mitochondrial function or through other mechanisms1. Several natural substances have been shown to have neuroprotective effects, either through improving mitochondrial function or through other mechanisms.1
Another advantage of natural substances is that they are often cheaper and more accessible compared to synthetic drugs. Additionally, natural ingredients often have fewer side effects, making them a better choice for many patients. However, more research is needed to fully understand how these natural ingredients work and how they can be used in the most effective way.1
Overall, research on the importance of mitochondria in neuroprotection and the potential of natural products as neuroprotective agents is a very promising area. With more research, we can develop new, more effective, and more efficient therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Methods
Bibliometric research is a research method that uses scientific publication data to describe and analyze the development of a field of science. This research aims to identify and map trends, patterns, and relationships between scientific documents related to certain topics. In this research, the topic chosen was natural agents, herb*, neuroprotective and mitochondria. This research uses data from the website www.scopus.com, which is one of the largest and most trusted databases for scientific publications. This research was conducted on early March 2024.
To carry out bibliometric research, the steps to follow are as follows:
1. Determine search keywords. In this research, the keywords used are natural agents, herb*, neuroprotective and mitochondria. These keywords are entered into the search column on the www.scopus.com site by selecting the topic field (title, abstract, keywords).
2. Filter search results. In this study, Were not filtered.
3. Retrieve the data from the search results and save it to your device. This study involves the downloading of search result data in three distinct formats, which are:
Data for this study were collected by one reviewer. Reviewers work independently in collecting data from each report. To ensure data accuracy and clutter. In addition, we use automated tools, namely the *VosViewer* and *Biblioshiny* applications, to assist in the data collection and analysis process.
In this study we found are documents by year has been an increase in the number of documents; until 2020, there were 23 documents, most global cited document that received the most citations with 391 citations, most relevant sources is journal ethnopharmacology, A factorial map illustrating the leading contributors of papers, documents by author with the most authors with 8 documents are Oh, M.S., documents by country or territory with China has the highest number of documents among all countries, 144 documents, documents by subject area, network visualization, overlay visualization of scopus database using vosviewer, density visualization, thematic map based on the title shows that the niche theme is the keyword mitochondria signaling pathway, effects neuroprotective effect, dan oxidative stres toxicity, thematic evolution, cluster analysis, qualitative analysis, and word cloud.
Data collection
We used the following terms to do a search on the Scopus website, taking into consideration that this website contains research that is considered to be valid: TITLE – ABS – KEY (natural agents) OR TITLE – ABS – KEY (herb*) AND TITLE – ABS – KEY (neuroprotective) AND TITLE – ABS – KEY (mitochondria) are the titles of the products that are under consideration. Two hundred and forty three documents were received by us. We then save the document from Scopus in the form of a file with the extension.csv following this step.
Data analysis
Both the Biblioshiny and Vosviewer software packages were utilised in the analysis process.
Quantitative analysis
Documents by year
Based on Figure 1, it appears that there has been an increase in the number of documents; until 2020, there were 23 documents. The oldest document in 1998 was entitled Protective Effects of Schisanhenol Against Oxygen Free Radical-Induced Injury of Rat Cerebral Mitochondria and Synaptosomes, written by Li, L. Liu, and G.2 Meanwhile, the latest document in 2024 is entitled Exploring the effect of Anshen Dingzhi prescription on hippocampal mitochondrial signals in a single prolonged stress mouse model, written by Juan Wang et al.3
Figure 1. Documents by year.
Most global cited document
Based on Figure 2, The document that received the most citations, with 391 citations, was the one written by Anjum A et al. in 2020 with the title Spinal cord injury: pathophysiology, multimolecular interactions, and underlying recovery mechanisms.4 Published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. In the next position, with 317 citations, is the journal written by Wang R., Yan H., and Tang X.-C. in 2006 in the Journal Acta Pharmacologica Sinica entitled Progress in studies of huperzine A, a natural cholinesterase inhibitor from Chinese herbal medicine.5 In third place with 201 citations are written documents by Wang T et al. in 2009 in the Journal Free Radical Biology and Medicine entitled Protection by tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside against cerebral ischemia: involvement of JNK, SIRT1, and NF-κB pathways and inhibition of intracellular ROS/RNS generation.6
Figure 2. Most global cited documents.
Most relevant sources
Based on Figure 3, The following are the journals that publish the most important documents: Journal Ethnopharmacology, founded in 1979 by Dr. Norman R. Farnsworth, is a leading journal in the field of etnopharmacology, focusing on traditional drug use by society worldwide. It has been indexed by Scopus since 1985, indicating its high quality and reputation in the scientific community. Published by Elsevier B.V., the journal has a strong presence in the etnopharmacology field, with a strong SCImago Journal Rank of 2.354 in 2022. The journal publishes various types of articles, including asli, literature review, single communication, and methodology, and covers various topics in ethnopharmacology, such as ethnopharmacology, drug biology activity, active identification, and traditional drug use.
Figure 3. Most relevant sources.
Journal Neurochemical Research is a scientific journal focused on neurochemistry, publishing articles on various aspects of neurochemistry, including molecular mechanisms, neurochemistry regulation, system development, and neurology. It aims to enhance our understanding of the function and properties of the nervous system through high-quality research. The journal has a Quartile Scopus level, making it a significant contribution to neurochemistry. It is published by [insert publisher name], has a solid reputation, and has a high SCImago Journal Rank (SJR value for 2022), indicating its significant contributions to neurochemistry. It also offers various types of articles, reviews, reviews, and reviews to promote research and development in neurochemistry.
Factorial map of the documents with the highest contributes
In Figure 4, the following is a factorial map of the documents with the highest contributions based on title. The most contributing document was that written by Wu L-K in the journal Phytomedicine Pada Tahun 2022 with the title Artemisia Leaf Extract Protects Against Neuron Toxicity by TRPML1 activation and Promoting Autophagy and Mitophagy Clearance in Both in vitro and in vivo Models of MPP+/MPTP-induced Parkinson’s Disease.7
Figure 4. Factorial map of the documents with the highest contributes based on the abstract.
Documents by author
Based on Figure 5, the most authors with 8 documents are Oh, M.S. with the title of the article: Triple herbal extract DA-9805 exerts a neuroprotective effect via amelioration of mitochondrial damage in experimental models of Parkinson’s disease.8 Mori Fructus improves cognitive and neuronal dysfunction induced by beta-amyloid toxicity through the GSK-3β pathway in vitro and in vivo.9 Sanguisorbae radix protects against 6- hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity by regulating NADPH oxidase and NF-E2-related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 expressions.10 Houttuyniae Herba protects rat primary cortical cells from Aβ -induced neurotoxicity via regulation of calcium influx and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.11 Dangguijakyak-san protects dopamine neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2, 3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity under postmenopausal conditions.12 Dangguijakyak-san, a medicinal herbal formula, protects dopaminergic neurons from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity.13 Protective effects of chunghyuldan against ROS-mediated neuronal cell death in models of parkinson’s disease.14 Evaluation of Samjunghwan, a traditional medicine, for neuroprotection against damage by amyloid-beta in rat cortical neurons.15
Figure 5. Documents by author.
The next most author with 6 documents is Kim, H.G. with the title of the article: Mori Fructus improves cognitive and neuronal dysfunction induced by beta-amyloid toxicity through the GSK-3β pathway in vitro and in vivo.9 Sanguisorbae radix protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity by regulating NADPH oxidase and NF-E2-related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 expressions.10 Dangguijakyak-san protects dopamine neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity under postmenopausal conditions.12 Dangguijakyak-san, a medicinal herbal formula, protects dopaminergic neurons from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity.13 Protective effects of chunghyuldan against ROS-mediated neuronal cell death in models of parkinson’s disease.14 Evaluation of Samjunghwan, a traditional medicine, for neuroprotection against damage by amyloid-beta in rat cortical neurons.15
The next most author with 4 documents is Lo, Y.C. with the title of the article: The Chinese herbal formula Liuwei dihuang protects dopaminergic neurons against Parkinson’s toxin through enhancing antioxidative defense and preventing apoptotic death.16 Berberine activates Nrf2 nuclear translocation and protects against oxidative damage via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent mechanism in NSC34 motor neuron-like cells.17 San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang protects against activated microglia- and 6-OHDA-induced toxicity in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells.18 Neuronal effects of 4-t-Butylcatechol: A model for catechol-containing antioxidants.19
Documents by country or territory
Based on Figure 6, China has the highest number of documents among all countries, 144 documents. Followed by South Korea with 30 documents, the United States with 13 documents, Taiwan with 12 documents, and India with 10 documents.
Figure 6. Documents by country or territory.
Documents by subject area
Figure 7. Documents by subject area.
Table 1. Documents by subject area.
| Title | Reference No. |
|---|---|
| Field of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics | |
| Exploring the effect of Anshen Dingzhi prescription on hippocampal mitochondrial signals in single prolonged stress mouse model | 3 |
| The molecular mechanisms of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) activity in signaling pathways: A comprehensive review | 20 |
| Study on the neuroprotective effect of Zhimu- Huangbo extract on mitochondrial dysfunction in HT22 cells induced by Dgalactose by promoting mitochondrial autophagy | 21 |
| Protective Effect of Quercetin against Paraquat-induced Brain Mitochondrial Disruption in Mice | 22 |
| Evaluating the toxic mechanism of 1,2-diacetylbenzene in neural cells/tissues: The favorable impact of silibinin | 23 |
| Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds for Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties | 24 |
| Loganin alleviated cognitive impairment in 3×Tg-AD mice through promoting mitophagy mediated by optineurin | 25 |
| Shikonin inhibits neuronal apoptosis via regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in the rat model of double-level chronic cervical cord compression | 26 |
| Pterosin sesquiterpenoids from Pteris laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. protect cells from glutamate excitotoxicity by modulating mitochondrial signals | 27 |
| Oridonin ameliorates caspase-9-mediated brain neuronal apoptosis in mouse with ischemic stroke by inhibiting RIPK3-mediated mitophagy | 28 |
| Gastrodin and Gastrodigenin Improve Energy Metabolism Disorders and Mitochondrial Dysfunction to Antagonize Vascular Dementia | 29 |
| Prevention of colistin-induced neurotoxicity: a narrative review of preclinical data | 30 |
| Neuroprotective potential of Moringa oleifera mediated by NF-kB/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway: A review | 31 |
| Effect of methylmercury on fetal neurobehavioral development: an overview of the possible mechanisms of toxicity and the neuroprotective effect of phytochemicals | 32 |
| Norlignans and phenolics from genus Curculigo protect corticosterone-injured neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mitochondria pathway | 33 |
| Inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation by MT101-5 is neuroprotective in mouse models of Parkinson's disease | 34 |
| Aucubin promoted neuron functional recovery by suppressing inflammation and neuronal apoptosis in a spinal cord injury model | 35 |
| Senegenin alleviates Aβ induced cell damage through triggering mitophagy | 36 |
| Artemisia Leaf Extract protects against neuron toxicity by TRPML1 activation and promoting autophagy/mitophagy clearance in both in vitro and in vivo models of MPP+/MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease | 7 |
| Research progress of Acanthopanax senticosus in prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases | 37 |
| Pivotal regulatory roles of traditional Chinese medicine in ischemic stroke via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome | 38 |
| 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid induces ROS activation in NLRP3 inflammatory bodyinduced autophagy disorder in microglia and the protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide | 39 |
| Antioxidative role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Parkinson's disease | 40 |
| Emodin ameliorates antioxidant capacity and exerts neuroprotective effect via PKM2-mediated Nrf2 transactivation | 41 |
| Therapeutic Effect of Buyang Huanwutang on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Rats from Perspective of Oxidative Stress | 42 |
| Neuroprotective effects of a 40% ethanol extract of the black walnut bark (Juglans nigra L.) | 43 |
| Ginsenoside Rd: A promising natural neuroprotective agent | 44 |
| DA-9805 protects dopaminergic neurons from endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation | 45 |
| The additive memory and healthspan enhancement effects by the combined treatment of mature silkworm powders and Korean angelica extracts | 46 |
| Shen-Zhi-Ling oral liquid ameliorates cerebral glucose metabolism disorder in early AD via insulin signal transduction pathway in vivo and in vitro | 47 |
| Protective effect of sargahydroquinoic acid against Aβ-evoked damage via PI3K/Akt mediated Nrf2 antioxidant defense system | 48 |
| Activation of Nrf2 by methylene blue is associated with the neuroprotection against MPP induced toxicity via ameliorating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction | 49 |
| Dengzhanxixin Injection Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment Through a Neuroprotective Mechanism Based on Mitochondrial Preservation in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke | 50 |
| Danhong injection alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by improving intracellular energy metabolism coupling in the ischemic penumbra | 51 |
| Serotonin and Melatonin: Plant Sources, Analytical Methods, and Human Health Benefits | 52 |
| Garciesculenxanthone B induces PINK1- Parkin-mediated mitophagy and prevents ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in mice | 53 |
| Neuroprotective effects of kukoamine A on 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's model through apoptosis and iron accumulation inhibition | 54 |
| Mitochondrial connection to ginsenosides | 55 |
| Nao-Fu-Cong ameliorates diabetic cognitive dysfunction by inhibition of JNK/CHOP/Bcl2- mediated apoptosis in vivo and in vitro | 56 |
| Protection against acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by QiShenYiQi via neuroinflammatory network mobilization | 57 |
| Modulation of key enzymes linked to Parkinsonism and neurologic disorders by Antiaris africana in rotenone-toxified rats | 58 |
| Neuroprotective effects of Dendropanax morbifera leaves on glutamate-induced oxidative cell death in HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells | 59 |
| Coniferyl ferulate exerts antidepressant effect via inhibiting the activation of NMDAR-CaMKIIMAPKs and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways | 60 |
| Longzhibu disease and its therapeutic effects by traditional Tibetan medicine: Ershi-wei Chenxiang pills | 61 |
| Ginseng protein protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration by inducing mitochondrial unfolded protein response in Drosophila melanogaster PINK1 model of Parkinson's disease | 62 |
| Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of cinnamic acid derivatives with synergetic neuroprotection and angiogenesis effect | 63 |
| Effects of sulforaphane in the central nervous system | 64 |
| Morphological control of mitochondria as the novel mechanism of Gastrodia elata in attenuating mutant huntingtin-induced protein aggregations | 65 |
| Protective effect of dihydromyricetin on hyperthermia-induced apoptosis in human myelomonocytic lymphoma cells | 66 |
| Phytotherapy in treatment of Parkinson’s disease: a review | 67 |
| Protective effects of Centella asiatica on cognitive deficits induced by D-gal/AlCl via inhibition of oxidative stress and attenuation of acetylcholinesterase level | 68 |
| Neuroprotective action of Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids on Paraquat intoxication in Drosophila melanogaster | 69 |
| LGK974, a PORCUPINE inhibitor, mitigates cytotoxicity in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease by interfering with the WNT/β-CATENIN pathway | 70 |
| Antioxidant effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on photoreceptor degeneration in the light-exposed mouse retina | 71 |
| Pien-Tze-Huang protects cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in acute ischemic stroke rats | 72 |
| Catalpol provides a protective effect on fibrillary Aβ -induced barrier disruption in an in vitro model of the blood–brain barrier | 73 |
| Neuroprotective action of 4-Hydroxyisophthalic acid against paraquatinduced motor impairment involves amelioration of mitochondrial damage and neurodegeneration in Drosophila | 74 |
| Neuroprotective effect of He-Ying-Qing-Re formula on retinal ganglion cell in diabetic retinopathy | 75 |
| Neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 on paraquat-induced Parkinson's disease in experimental animals | 76 |
| Gastrodia elata alleviates mutant huntingtin aggregation through mitochondrial function and biogenesis mediation | 77 |
| Resveratrol attenuates oxidative damage through activating mitophagy in an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease | 78 |
| Flavonoids and its neuroprotective effects on brain ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases | 79 |
| Pluronic P85/F68 Micelles of Baicalein Could Interfere with Mitochondria to Overcome MRP2-Mediated Efflux and Offer Improved Anti-Parkinsonian Activity | 80 |
| Puerarin may protect against Schwann cell damage induced by glucose fluctuation | 81 |
| Jia-Jian-Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction reduces apoptosis induced by both mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum caspase12 pathways in the mouse model of Parkinson's disease | 82 |
| Neuroprotective effects of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydoxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside from Polygonum multiflorum against glutamateinduced oxidative toxicity in HT22 cells | 83 |
| Neuroprotection in glaucoma: Old and new promising treatments | 84 |
| Shengmai injection attenuates the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced autophagy via modulation of the AMPK, mTOR and JNK pathways | 85 |
| Geissoschizine methyl ether protects oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity in neurons through the 'Neuronal Warburg Effect' | 86 |
| Protective effects of DJ-1 medicated Akt phosphorylation on mitochondrial function are promoted by Da-Bu-Yin-Wan in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-treated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells | 87 |
| Neuroprotective Effects of Icariin on Brain Metabolism, Mitochondrial Functions, and Cognition in Triple-Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice | 88 |
| Protective effects of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside in the MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease: Involvement of reactive oxygen species-mediated JNK, P38 and mitochondrial pathways | 89 |
| Mori Fructus improves cognitive and neuronal dysfunction induced by beta-amyloid toxicity through the GSK-3β pathway in vitro and in vivo | 9 |
| YGS40, an active fraction of Yi-Gan San, reduces hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells | 90 |
| Neuroprotective effect of EGb761 and lowdose whole-body γ-irradiation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease | 91 |
| Zuo-Gui and You-Gui pills, two traditional Chinese herbal formulas, downregulated the expression of NogoA, NgR, and RhoA in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis | 92 |
| The Chinese herbal formula Liuwei dihuang protects dopaminergic neurons against Parkinson's toxin through enhancing antioxidative defense and preventing apoptotic death | 16 |
| A Chinese medicine preparation induces neuroprotection by regulating paracrine signaling of brain microvascular endothelial cells | 93 |
| Acorus tatarinowii Schott extract protects PC12 cells from amyloid-β induced neurotoxicity | 94 |
| The novel tetramethylpyrazine bis-nitrone (TN-2) protects against MPTP/MPP -induced neurotoxicity via inhibition of mitochondrialdependent apoptosis | 95 |
| Neuroprotective effects of Total Saikosaponins of Bupleurum yinchowense on corticosterone-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells | 96 |
| Sanguisorbae radix protects against 6- hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity by regulating NADPH oxidase and NF-E2-related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 expressions | 10 |
| Neuroprotective effect of calycosin on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats | 97 |
| New insights into huperzine A for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease | 98 |
| Activating mitochondrial regulator PGC-1α expression by astrocytic NGF is a therapeutic strategy for Huntington's disease | 99 |
| Berberine activates Nrf2 nuclear translocation and protects against oxidative damage via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent mechanism in NSC34 motor neuron-like cells | 17 |
| Neuroprotective activity of lavender oil on transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice | 100 |
| Cryptotanshinone from Salviae miltiorrhizae radix inhibits sodium-nitroprusside-induced apoptosis in neuro-2 cells | 101 |
| Houttuyniae Herba protects rat primary cortical cells from Aβ -induced neurotoxicity via regulation of calcium influx and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis | 11 |
| Dangguijakyak-san protects dopamine neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity under postmenopausal conditions | 12 |
| Standardized extracts of Bacopa monniera protect against MPP- and paraquat-induced toxicity by modulating mitochondrial activities, proteasomal functions, and redox pathways | 102 |
| Adverse effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on rat cerebellar granule cell cultures | 103 |
| Neuroprotective effect of oral S/B remedy (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Bupleurum scorzonerifolfium Willd) on iron-induced neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of rat brain | 104 |
| Bacopa monnieri modulates endogenous cytoplasmic and mitochondrial oxidative markers in prepubertal mice brain | 105 |
| Protective effect of panaxatriol saponins extracted from Panax notoginseng against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in vivo | 106 |
| Dangguijakyak-san, a medicinal herbal formula, protects dopaminergic neurons from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity | 13 |
| Neuroprotective effects of leonurine on ischemia/reperfusion-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in rat cerebral cortex | 107 |
| Protective effects of chunghyuldan against ROS-mediated neuronal cell death in models of parkinson's disease | 14 |
| The neuroprotective effects of tanshinone IIA on β-amyloid-induced toxicity in rat cortical neurons | 108 |
| Evaluation of Samjunghwan, a traditional medicine, for neuroprotection against damage by amyloid-beta in rat cortical neurons | 15 |
| Neuroprotective effect of modified Wu-Zi-Yan- Zong granule, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on CoCl2-induced PC12 cells | 109 |
| Neuroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L. on focal ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury | 110 |
| Plant derived omega-3-fatty acids protect mitochondrial function in the brain | 111 |
| Mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) mediates leptin protection against MPP+ toxicity in neuronal cells. | 112 |
| 20(S)-Ginsenoside rg3, a neuroprotective agent, inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition pores in rat brain | 113 |
| Protective effects of scutellarin against cerebral ischemia in rats: Evidence for inhibition of the apoptosis-inducing factor pathway | 114 |
| Neuroprotection of ginsenoside Re in cerebral ischemia | 115 |
| Neuronal effects of 4-t-Butylcatechol: A model for catechol-containing antioxidants | 19 |
| The seed extract of Cassia obtusifolia offers neuroprotection to mouse hippocampal cultures | 116 |
| Paraquat and maneb induced neurotoxicity | 117 |
| Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on paraquat-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells | 118 |
| Honokiol, a neuroprotectant against mouse cerebral ischaemia, mediated by preserving Na, K -ATPase activity and mitochondrial functions | 119 |
| Effect of prepared Polygonum multiflorum on striatum extracellular acetylcholine and choline in rats of intracerebral perfusion with sodium azide | 120 |
| Protocatechuic acid suppresses MPP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death in PC12 cells | 121 |
| Progress in studies of huperzine A, a natural cholinesterase inhibitor from Chinese herbal medicine | 5 |
| Protect effects of Qingkailing injection on mitochondrion membrane potential during injury induced by hypoxia-hypoglycemia and reoxygenation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons | 122 |
| Protective effects of Shenmai injection on the delayed injury of the cerebral neurons in rat induced by intracerebral hemorrhage | 123 |
| Effects of Tianzhi Keli on extracellular acetylcholine and catecholamine levels in striatum of rats with neuromitochondrial impairment | 124 |
| Echinacoside rescues the SHSY5Y neuronal cells from TNFα-induced apoptosis | 125 |
| Neuronal necrosis inhibition by insulin through protein kinase C activation | 126 |
| Protective effects of schisanhenol against oxygen free radical induced injury of rat cerebral mitochondria and synaptosomes | 2 |
| Field of Medicine | |
| The molecular mechanisms of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) activity in signaling pathways: A comprehensive review | 20 |
| Alpha-Asarone Ameliorates Neurological Dysfunction of Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic Rats in Both Acute and Recovery Phases via Regulating the CaMKII-Dependent Pathways | 127 |
| Protective Effect of Quercetin against Paraquat-induced Brain Mitochondrial Disruption in Mice | 22 |
| Oridonin ameliorates caspase-9-mediated brain neuronal apoptosis in mouse with ischemic stroke by inhibiting RIPK3-mediated mitophagy | 28 |
| Notoginseng leaf triterpenes ameliorates mitochondrial oxidative injury via the NAMPTSIRT1/2/3 signaling pathways in cerebral ischemic model rats | 128 |
| Aucubin promoted neuron functional recovery by suppressing inflammation and neuronal apoptosis in a spinal cord injury model | 35 |
| Artemisia Leaf Extract protects against neuron toxicity by TRPML1 activation and promoting autophagy/mitophagy clearance in both in vitro and in vivo models of MPP+/MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease | 7 |
| Research progress of Acanthopanax senticosus in prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases | 37 |
| Disease-modifying treatment of Parkinson's disease by phytochemicals: targeting multiple pathogenic factors | 129 |
| Therapeutic Effect of Buyang Huanwutang on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Rats from Perspective of Oxidative Stress | 42 |
| Neuroprotective effects of a 40% ethanol extract of the black walnut bark (Juglans nigra L.) | 43 |
| Ginsenoside Rd: A promising natural neuroprotective agent | 44 |
| Soybean isoflavones protect SH-SY5Y neurons from atrazine-induced toxicity by activating mitophagy through stimulation of the BEX2/BNIP3/NIX pathway | 130 |
| Shen-Zhi-Ling oral liquid ameliorates cerebral glucose metabolism disorder in early AD via insulin signal transduction pathway in vivo and in vitro | 47 |
| Norwogonin attenuates hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells | 131 |
| Korean red ginseng decreases 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced mitophagy in SH-SY5Y cells | 132 |
| Dengzhanxixin Injection Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment Through a Neuroprotective Mechanism Based on Mitochondrial Preservation in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke | 50 |
| Garciesculenxanthone B induces PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy and prevents ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in mice | 53 |
| Neuroprotective effects of kukoamine A on 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's model through apoptosis and iron accumulation inhibition | 54 |
| Nao-Fu-Cong ameliorates diabetic cognitive dysfunction by inhibition of JNK/CHOP/Bcl2- mediated apoptosis in vivo and in vitro | 56 |
| Jisuikang Promotes the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury in Rats by Regulating NgR/RhoA/ROCK Signal Pathway | 133 |
| Gandouling Tablets Inhibit Excessive Mitophagy in Toxic Milk (TX) Model Mouse of Wilson Disease via Pink1/Parkin Pathway | 134 |
| Panax notoginseng for Cerebral Ischemia: A Systematic Review | 135 |
| Curcumin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Through Regulating Mitophagy and Preserving Mitochondrial Function | 136 |
| Acteoside ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through inhibiting peroxynitrite-mediated mitophagy activation | 137 |
| Neuroprotective effects of Suhexiang Wan on the in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease | 138 |
| Morphological control of mitochondria as the novel mechanism of Gastrodia elata in attenuating mutant huntingtin-induced protein aggregations | 65 |
| Effects of Mitochondrial Dysfunction via AMPK/PGC-1 α Signal Pathway on Pathogenic Mechanism of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and the Protective Effects of Chinese Medicine | 139 |
| Protective effect of dihydromyricetin on hyperthermia-induced apoptosis in human myelomonocytic lymphoma cells | 66 |
| Pilose antler polypeptides ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress and improves gut microbiota in hypoxic-ischemic injured rats | 140 |
| Danhong injection facilitates recovery of post-stroke motion deficit via Parkin-enhanced mitochondrial function | 141 |
| Phytotherapy in treatment of Parkinson's disease: a review | 67 |
| Isosteviol Sodium Protects Neural Cells Against Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis Through Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB Pathways | 142 |
| The Effects of Icariin on Enhancing Motor Recovery Through Attenuating Pro-inflammatory Factors and Oxidative Stress via Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway in the Mice Model of Spinal Cord Injury | 143 |
| Neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 on paraquat-induced Parkinson's disease in experimental animals | 76 |
| Gastrodia elata alleviates mutant huntingtin aggregation through mitochondrial function and biogenesis mediation | 77 |
| Therapeutic Potential and Effective Components of the Chinese Herb Gardeniae Fructus in the Treatment of Senile Disease | 144 |
| Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction Reduced Mitophagy Activation and Improved Mitochondrial Function in Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury | 145 |
| Preclinical and Potential Applications of Common Western Herbal Supplements as Complementary Treatment in Parkinson's Disease | 146 |
| Puerarin may protect against Schwann cell damage induced by glucose fluctuation | 81 |
| Humulus japonicus Prevents Dopaminergic Neuron Death in 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Models of Parkinson's Disease | 147 |
| The Effects of Baicalin and Baicalein on Cerebral Ischemia: A Review | 148 |
| Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Old and New Promising Treatments | 84 |
| Angelica sinensis Exerts Angiogenic and Anti-apoptotic Effects Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Activating p38MAPK/HIF-1[Formula: see text]/VEGF-A Signaling in Rats | 149 |
| Standardized Bacopa monnieri extract ameliorates acute paraquat-induced oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity in prepubertal mice brain | 150 |
| Comparative Study on the Protective Effects of Salidroside and Hypoxic Preconditioning for Attenuating Anoxia-Induced Apoptosis in Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Cells | 151 |
| Shengmai injection attenuates the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced autophagy via modulation of the AMPK, mTOR and JNK pathways | 85 |
| Danhong injection attenuates cardiac injury induced by ischemic and reperfused neuronal cells through regulating arginine vasopressin expression and secretion | 152 |
| Naoxintong Protects Primary Neurons from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Induced Injury through PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway | 153 |
| Neuroprotective Effects of Icariin on Brain Metabolism, Mitochondrial Functions, and Cognition in Triple-Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice | 88 |
| Discovery of a novel neuroprotectant, BHDPC, that protects against MPP+/MPTP-induced neuronal death in multiple experimental models | 154 |
| Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, a Promising Molecule for Parkinson's Disease? | 155 |
| YGS40, an active fraction of Yi-Gan San, reduces hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells | 90 |
| Neuroprotective effect of EGb761® and low-dose whole-body γ-irradiation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease | 91 |
| The Protective Effect of Radix Polygoni Multiflori on Diabetic Encephalopathy via Regulating Myosin Light Chain Kinase Expression | 156 |
| Neuroprotective effect of Shenfu Injection (参附注射液) following cardiac arrest in pig correlates with improved mitochondrial function and cerebral glucose uptake | 157 |
| Protective effect of tanreqing injection on axon myelin damage in the brain of mouse model for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis | 158 |
| The Chinese herbal formula Liuwei dihuang protects dopaminergic neurons against Parkinson's toxin through enhancing antioxidative defense and preventing apoptotic death | 16 |
| Paeoniflorin attenuates Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction | 159 |
| The novel tetramethylpyrazine bis-nitrone (TN-2) protects against MPTP/MPP+-induced neurotoxicity via inhibition of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis | 95 |
| Osthole attenuates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury through mitochondrial biogenesis-independent inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction in rats | 160 |
| New insights into huperzine A for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease | 98 |
| Isoliquiritigenin isolated from licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons | 161 |
| Decreased accumulation of subcellular amyloid-β with improved mitochondrial function mediates the neuroprotective effect of huperzine A | 162 |
| San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang Protects against Activated Microglia- and 6-OHDA-Induced Toxicity in Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells | 18 |
| Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: pathogenesis and neuroprotection | 163 |
| Neuroprotective effects of icariin on corticosterone-induced apoptosis in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons | 164 |
| Bacopa monnieri modulates endogenous cytoplasmic and mitochondrial oxidative markers in prepubertal mice brain | 105 |
| Toxicity of neurons treated with herbicides and neuroprotection by mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS31 | 165 |
| Leonurine protects middle cerebral artery occluded rats through antioxidant effect and regulation of mitochondrial function | 166 |
| Parkinson's disease: mitochondrial molecular pathology, inflammation, statins, and therapeutic neuroprotective nutrition | 167 |
| Mitochondrial morphogenesis, distribution, and Parkinson disease: insights from PINK1 | 168 |
| Protection by tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside against cerebral ischemia: involvement of JNK, SIRT1, and NF-κB pathways and inhibition of intracellular ROS/RNS generation | 6 |
| Protective effects of scutellarin against cerebral ischemia in rats: evidence for inhibition of the apoptosis-inducing factor pathway | 114 |
| Neuroprotection of ginsenoside Re in cerebral ischemia | 115 |
| Modulation of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in PC12 cells by K (ATP) channel block | 169 |
| Rosiglitazone protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against MPP+ induced cytotoxicity via inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production | 170 |
| Protective effect of icaritin on apoptosis of primarily cultured rat neurons induced by Abeta25-35 peptide | 171 |
| Effect of prepared Polygonum multiflorum on striatum extracellular acetylcholine and choline in rats of intracerebral perfusion with sodium azide | 120 |
| Progress in studies of huperzine A, a natural cholinesterase inhibitor from Chinese herbal medicine | 5 |
| Oxidative damage hypothesis of stress-associated aging acceleration: neuroprotective effects of natural and nutritional antioxidants | 172 |
| Protect effects of Qingkailing injection on mitochondrion membrane potential during injury induced by hypoxia-hypoglycemia and reoxygenation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons | 122 |
| Protective effects of shenmai injection on the delayed injury of the cerebral neurons in rat induced by intracerebral hemorrhage | 123 |
| Effects of Tianzhi Keli on extracellular acetylcholine and catecholamine levels in striatum of rats with neuromitochondrial impairment | 124 |
| Partial neuroprotective effect of pretreatment with tanshinone IIA on neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain damage | 173 |
| Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 effects on mesencephalic dopaminergic cells stressed with glutamate | 174 |
| Effects of NBP on ATPase and anti-oxidant enzymes activities and lipid peroxidation in transient focal cerebral ischemic rats | 175 |
| Field Of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | |
| The molecular mechanisms of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) activity in signaling pathways: A comprehensive review | 20 |
| Eucommiae Folium and Active Compounds Protect Against Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Calcium Overload in Epileptic Hippocampal Neurons Through the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Pathway | 176 |
| Shikonin inhibits neuronal apoptosis via regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in the rat model of double-level chronic cervical cord compression | 26 |
| Gastrodin and Gastrodigenin Improve Energy Metabolism Disorders and Mitochondrial Dysfunction to Antagonize Vascular Dementia | 29 |
| Notoginseng leaf triterpenes ameliorates mitochondrial oxidative injury via the NAMPT-SIRT1/2/3 signaling pathways in cerebral ischemic model rats | 128 |
| Neuroprotective Effects of Ethanol Extract of Polyscias fruticosa (EEPF) against Glutamate-Mediated Neuronal Toxicity in HT22 Cells | 177 |
| Jionoside A1 alleviates ischemic stroke ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting Nix-mediated mitophagy | 178 |
| Phyllanthus emblica L. Regulates BDNF/PI3K Pathway to Modulate Glutathione for Mitoprotection and Neuroprotection in a Rodent Model of Ischemic Stroke | 179 |
| Neuroprotective potential of Moringa oleifera mediated by NF-kB/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway: A review | 31 |
| Sirtuin 3 Plays a Critical Role in the Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-like Effects of Kaempferol | 180 |
| Artemisia Leaf Extract protects against neuron toxicity by TRPML1 activation and promoting autophagy/mitophagy clearance in both in vitro and in vivo models of MPP+/MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease | 7 |
| Ellagic Acid: A Dietary-Derived Phenolic Compound for Drug Discovery in Mild Cognitive Impairment | 181 |
| Mitochondria targeting fluorescent probe for MAO-A and the application in the development of drug candidate for neuroinflammation | 182 |
| Targeting Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress Response in Traumatic Brain Injury: Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytochemicals | 183 |
| Ginsenoside Rd: A promising natural neuroprotective agent | 44 |
| Activation of Nrf2 by methylene blue is associated with the neuroprotection against MPP+ induced toxicity via ameliorating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction | 49 |
| Oral Administration of Silibinin Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits of Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model by Restoring Mitochondrial Disorders in Hippocampus | 184 |
| Role of Militarine in PM(2.5)-Induced BV-2 Cell Damage | 185 |
| Neurotherapeutic Effect of Inula britannica var. Chinensis against H(2)O(2)-Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cortical Neurons | 186 |
| Mitochondrial Protection and Against Glutamate Neurotoxicity via Shh/Ptch1 Signaling Pathway to Ameliorate Cognitive Dysfunction by Kaixin San in Multi-Infarct Dementia Rats | 187 |
| The ZiBuPiYin recipe regulates proteomic alterations in brain mitochondria-associated ER membranes caused by chronic psychological stress exposure: Implications for cognitive decline in Zucker diabetic fatty rats | 188 |
| Hyperglycemia alters lipid metabolism and ultrastructural morphology of cerebellum in brains of diabetic rats: Therapeutic potential of raffia palm (Raphia hookeri G. Mann & H. Wendl) wine | 189 |
| Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology, Multimolecular Interactions, and Underlying Recovery Mechanisms | 4 |
| Mitochondrial connection to ginsenosides | 55 |
| Enhanced accumulation of reduced glutathione by Scopoletin improves survivability of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's model | 190 |
| Modulation of key enzymes linked to Parkinsonism and neurologic disorders by Antiaris africana in rotenone-toxified rats | 58 |
| Involvement of PARP-1/AIF Signaling Pathway in Protective Effects of Gualou Guizhi Decoction Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury-Induced Apoptosis | 191 |
| δ-opioid receptor activation protects against Parkinson's disease-related mitochondrial dysfunction by enhancing PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy | 192 |
| Salidroside Ameliorates Mitochondria-Dependent Neuronal Apoptosis after Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Partially through Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Promoting Mitophagy | 193 |
| Novel Insight to Neuroprotective Potential of Curcumin: A Mechanistic Review of Possible Involvement of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and PI3/Akt/GSK3 or PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF Signaling Pathways | 194 |
| Hydroxy-α-sanshool Possesses Protective Potentials on H2O2-Stimulated PC12 Cells by Suppression of Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis through Regulation of PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway | 195 |
| Acteoside ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through inhibiting peroxynitrite-mediated mitophagy activation | 137 |
| Morphological control of mitochondria as the novel mechanism of Gastrodia elata in attenuating mutant huntingtin-induced protein aggregations | 65 |
| Protective effect of dihydromyricetin on hyperthermia-induced apoptosis in human myelomonocytic lymphoma cells | 66 |
| Pilose antler polypeptides ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress and improves gut microbiota in hypoxic-ischemic injured rats | 140 |
| Preventive and Therapeutic Effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) on Brain Injury | 196 |
| Phytotherapy in treatment of Parkinson's disease: a review | 67 |
| Ethanol Extract of Centipeda minima Exerts Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects via Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway | 197 |
| The Effects of Icariin on Enhancing Motor Recovery Through Attenuating Pro-inflammatory Factors and Oxidative Stress via Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway in the Mice Model of Spinal Cord Injury | 143 |
| Revealing the Inhibitory Effect of Ginseng on Mitochondrial Respiration through Synaptosomal Proteomics | 198 |
| Gastrodia elata alleviates mutant huntingtin aggregation through mitochondrial function and biogenesis mediation | 77 |
| Therapeutic Potential and Effective Components of the Chinese Herb Gardeniae Fructus in the Treatment of Senile Disease | 144 |
| Flavonoids and its Neuroprotective Effects on Brain Ischemia and Neurodegenerative Diseases | 79 |
| Paraquat-Induced Movement Disorder in Relation to Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neurodegeneration in the Brain of Drosophila melanogaster | 199 |
| YiQiFuMai Powder Injection Protects against Ischemic Stroke via Inhibiting Neuronal Apoptosis and PKCδ/Drp1-Mediated Excessive Mitochondrial Fission | 200 |
| The effects of Baicalin and Baicalein on cerebral ischemia: A review | 148 |
| Neuroprotection in glaucoma: Old and new promising treatments | 84 |
| Shengmai injection attenuates the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced autophagy via modulation of the AMPK, mTOR and JNK pathways | 85 |
| Danhong injection attenuates cardiac injury induced by ischemic and reperfused neuronal cells through regulating arginine vasopressin expression and secretion | 152 |
| Discovery of a novel neuroprotectant, BHDPC, that protects against MPP+/MPTP-induced neuronal death in multiple experimental models | 154 |
| Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, a Promising Molecule for Parkinson's Disease? | 155 |
| Changes of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors in the penumbra area after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and effects of astragaloside IV on rats | 201 |
| The Protective Effect of Radix Polygoni Multiflori on Diabetic Encephalopathy via Regulating Myosin Light Chain Kinase Expression | 156 |
| Forsythiaside protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cell | 202 |
| Protective effects of phillyrin on H2O 2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells | 203 |
| The Chinese herbal formula Liuwei dihuang protects dopaminergic neurons against Parkinson's toxin through enhancing antioxidative defense and preventing apoptotic death | 16 |
| Neuroprotection against Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis by Salvia miltiorrhiza extract in SH-SY5Y cells | 204 |
| Celastrol protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from rotenone-induced injury through induction of autophagy | 205 |
| Paeoniflorin, a natural neuroprotective agent, modulates multiple anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic pathways in differentiated PC12 cells | 206 |
| Neuroprotective mechanisms of the standardized extract of Bacopa monniera in a paraquat/diquat-mediated acute toxicity | 207 |
| Protective and antioxidant effect of Danshen polysaccharides on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats | 208 |
| Action characteristics of traditional chinese medicine in treatment of alzheimer's | 209 |
| Neuroprotective activity of lavender oil on transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice | 100 |
| Doxorubicin-induced neurotoxicity is attenuated by a 43-kD protein from the leaves of Cajanus indicus L. via NF-κB and mitochondria dependent pathways | 210 |
| Isoliquiritigenin isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis protects neuronal cells against glutamate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction | 211 |
| Catuaba (Trichilia catigua) prevents against oxidative damage induced by in vitro ischemia-reperfusion in rat hippocampal slices | 212 |
| Neuroprotective effects of icariin on corticosterone-induced apoptosis in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons | 164 |
| Bacopa monnieri modulates endogenous cytoplasmic and mitochondrial oxidative markers in prepubertal mice brain | 105 |
| Protective effects of the synthetic cannabinoids CP55,940 and JWH-015 on rat brain mitochondria upon paraquat exposure | 213 |
| Prophylactic treatment with Bacopa monnieri leaf powder mitigates paraquat-induced oxidative perturbations and lethality in Drosophila melanogaster | 214 |
| Preventive role of PD-1 on MPTP-induced dopamine depletion in mice | 215 |
| Neuroprotection by natural polyphenols: molecular mechanisms | 216 |
| Anti-convulsant effect and mechanism of Astragalus mongholicus extract in vitro and in vivo: protection against oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction | 217 |
| Ginkgo biloba extract in Alzheimer's disease: from action mechanisms to medical practice | 218 |
| Protection by tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside against cerebral ischemia: involvement of JNK, SIRT1, and NF-κB pathways and inhibition of intracellular ROS/RNS generation | 6 |
| Peony glycosides protect against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells | 219 |
| Protective effects of scutellarin against cerebral ischemia in rats: evidence for inhibition of the apoptosis-inducing factor pathway | 114 |
| Neuroprotection of ginsenoside Re in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats | 115 |
| Salvianolic acid B, an antioxidant from Salvia miltiorrhiza, prevents 6-hydroxydopamine induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells | 220 |
| The seed extract of Cassia obtusifolia offers neuroprotection to mouse hippocampal cultures | 116 |
| Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 effects on mesencephalic dopaminergic cells stressed with glutamate | 174 |
| Neuronal necrosis inhibition by insulin through protein kinase C activation | 126 |
| Protective effects of schisanhenol against oxygen free radical induced injury of rat cerebral mitochondria and synaptosomes | 2 |
Network visualization
Figure 8. Network visualization.
Based on Figure 8, it can be seen that the areas studied are still not related to other areas that are divided into edges. That field is: peptide fragment, peptide fragments, pc12 cell line, glucoside, proteins c-akt, antagonist and inhibitors, protein kinase, molecular docking, sequestosome 1, nissl staining, histology, mitochondrial respiration, brain infraction, histology, oxygen, isoflavones, bcl-2 associated x protein, membrane potential, blotting western, cell strain, flavonoid, brain edema, curcumin, pathogenesis, blood brain barrier, cell strain, blotting westen, inflammation, anti-inflammatory activity, neuroinflammation, neurotoxins, neurotoxin, Animalia, drug targeting, mptp poisoning, saponins, cyclooxygenase 2 and substantia nigra.
Overlay visualization of scopus, database using vosviewer
Figure 9. Overlay visualization of scopus, database using Vosviewer.
Based on Figure 9. In the overlay visualization, it appears that the keywords that are being researched a lot approaching 2020 are the parts colored yellow, namely: sequestosomoe 1, mitophagy, nissl staining, curcumin, astrocyte, anti-inflammatory activity, neuroinflammation, and Chinese herbal.
Density visualization
Figure 10. Density visualization.
Based on Figure 10. In the visual circulation density, it appears that the part that is already saturated with research is yellow, while the part that is not yet saturated is slightly yellow and dominantly green, namely keywords. : peptide fragment, peptide fragments, protein kinase, molecular docking, sequestosome 1, amyloid beta-peptides, ayloid beta protein, pc12cell line, glucoside, proto-oncogene proteins c-akt, cell damage, Chinese herb, glucose, mitophagy, nissl staining, apoptosis inducing factor, donepezil, brain cortex, oxygen, brain injury, histology, reperfusion injury, mitochondrial respiration, ischemia, protein kinase b, antagonist and inhibitors, isoflavones, bcl-2 associated x protein, blotting western, cell strain, rna messenger, herbicidesm neurotoxins, neurotoxin, mus, mptp poisoning, free radical scavengers, nerve degeneration, substantia nigra, levodopa, saponins, cyclooxygenase 2, drug targeting, animalia, plant root, ginsenosides, free radical, nerve growth factor, astrocyte, panax, anti-inflammatory activity, neuroinflammation, ginseng, dna damage, pathogenesis, vasculotropin, curcumin, multiple sclerosis, flavionoid, brain edema, gallic acid, brain infarction, and motor dysfunction.
Thematic map
Figure 11. Thematic map.
Based on Figure 11, Thematic map based on the title shows that the niche theme is the keyword mitochondria signaling pathway, effects neuroprotective effect, dan oxidative stres toxicity.
Thematic evolution
Figure 12. Thematic evolution.
Based on Figure 12. In Thematic evolution based on the title There appears to be a change in theme in research from 1998 to 2017. The keyword cell changes to mitochondria in the research theme in 2024.
Cluster analysis
Table 2. The result of cluster analysis.
From Table 2 above, there are 6 clusters based on keywords.
Cluster 1, dominated by Nonhuman, Neuroprotection, and Unclassified drug
Cluster 2, dominated by Article, Controlled study, and Neuroprotective agents.
Cluster 3, dominated by Animals, Mitochondria, and Neuroprotective agent
Cluster 4, dominated by Enzyme activity, Mice, and Neurotoxicity
Cluster 5, dominated by Mitochondrion, Nerve cell and in vitro study
Cluster 6, dominated by Rattus, Cytology; and Mice, inbred icr
Qualitative analysis
Table 3. Natural agents herbs that function as neuroprotective mitochondria in Scopus-indexed journals:
Table 3. Natural agents herbs that function as neuroprotective mitochondria in Scopus-indexed journals.
| Title | Reference No. | Title | Reference No. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anshen Dingzhi | 3 | Ginkgo biloba L | 20,67,91,118,218 |
| Alpha-asarone | 127 | Zhimu-Huangbo | 21 |
| Quercetin | 22,31 | Silibinin or Silymarin | 23,184 |
| Ligusticum Wallichii Franchat | 221 | Eucommiae folium | 176 |
| Loganin | 25 | Shikonin | 26 |
| Pterosin | 27 | Oridonin | 28 |
| Gastrodin | 29 | Notoginseng Leaf Triterpenes | 128 |
| Polyphenols from Corallodiscus flabellata B. L. Burtt | 222 | Polyscias Fruticosa | 177 |
| Jionoside A1 | 178 | Phyllanthus embilica L. | 179 |
| Moringa Oleifera | 31 | One Phenolic and three norlignan from genus Curculigo | 33 |
| Sirtuin 3 | 180 | Ethanolic extract of Genkwae Flos, Clematidis Radix, and Gastrodiae Rhizoma | 34 |
| Aucubin | 35 | Senegenin (SEN) extracted from Polygala tenuifolia Willd | 36 |
| Artemisia Argyi | 7 | Acanthopanax senticosus | 37 |
| Ellagic acid | 181 | Lycium barbarum polysaccharide | 39,71 |
| Emodin | 41 | Buyang Huanwutang | 42,153 |
| Black Walnut Bark | 43 | Ginsenoside Rd | 44 |
| Soybean isoflavones | 130 | Silkworm (Bombyx mori) and Korean angelica (KoAg; Angelica gigas Nakai) | 46 |
| Shen-Zhi-Ling oral liquid (SZL) | 47 | Sargaquinoic acid, sargahydroquinoic acid (SHQA), and sargachromenol, from Sargassum serratifolium | 48 |
| Norwogonin | 131 | Korean red ginseng | 132 |
| Methylene Blue | 49 | Silibinin | 23,184 |
| Dengzhanxixin injection | 50 | Danhong injection | 51,141,152 |
| Militarine from Bletilla striata | 185 | Serotonin and melatonin | 52 |
| Inula britannica var. Chinensis | 186 | Garciesculenxanthone B (GeB) from Garcinia esculenta | 53 |
| Kaixin San (KXS) | 187 | Kukoamine A (KuA) | 54 |
| ZiBuPiYin recipe | 188 | Raffia palm (Raphia hookeri) | 189 |
| Ginsenosides | 44,55,106,113,135,174,198,223–226 | Nao-Fu-Cong | 56 |
| Scopoletin | 190 | QiShenYiQi | 57 |
| Antiaris africana | 58 | Astragaloside IV | 201,227 |
| Dendropanax morbifera | 59 | Coniferyl ferulate | 60 |
Ershi-wei Chenxiang pills (ECP) or Aga Nixiu wan ( ), composed of 20 Tibetan medicines | 61 | Gualou Guizhi decoction | 191 |
| Ginseng Total Protein | 62 | Jisuikang | 133 |
| Gandouling (GDL) tablet | 134 | Curcumin | 30,67,79,136,194 |
| Salidroside | 30,151,193 | Acteoside from medicinal herb Radix Rehmanniae | 137 |
| Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp | 195 | Cinnamic acid | 63 |
| Suhexiang Wan essential oil | 138 | Gastrodia elata | 29,65,77 |
| Sulforaphane | 64 | Pilose antler polypeptides | 140 |
| Dihydromyricetin | 66 | Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides | 39,71 |
| Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum, Lingzhi) | 196 | Ginseng | 44,55,62,93,106,113,128,132,135,174,198,223,224,226 |
| Pien-Tze-Huang | 72 | 4-Hydroxyisophthalic acid (DHA-I), a novel bioactive molecule from the roots of Decalepis hamiltonii | 74 |
| Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside extracted from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa | 73 | CoQ10 | 76 |
| He-Ying-Qing-Re Formula | 75 | Resveratrol | 3,78 |
| Gastrodia elata | 29,65,77 | Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction | 145 |
| Gardeniae fructus | 144 | green tea (Camellia sinensis), red wine (Vitis vinifera), arctic root (Rhodiola rosea), and dwarf periwinkle (Vinca minor) | 146 |
| Flavonoid | 31,37,59,79,88,104,114,143,148,164,171,180,184,216 | Puerarin is one of the major active ingredients in Gegen | 81 |
| Ginsenoside Rg1 | 135,174,223,224 | Humulus japonicus | 147 |
| Jia-Jian-Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction | 82 | YiQiFuMai (YQFM) powder injection | 200 |
| Polygonum multiflorum Thunb | 83,89 | Angelica sinensis extract Dang Gui | 149 |
| Baicalin and baicalein are flavonoids extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, forskolin and melatonin | 148 | Shengmai injection | 85 |
| Bacopa monnieri | 105,150,214 | Da-Bu-Yin-Wan | 87 |
| Geissoschizine methyl ether | 86 | Icariin component of traditional Chinese herbal medicine Epimedium | 88 |
| Naoxintong capsule | 153 | Epigallocatechin-3-gallate component of Camellia sinensis | 155 |
| Mori Fructus | 9,15 | Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761®) | 91,118,218 |
| Yi-Gan San | 90 | Forsythia suspense | 202,203 |
| Radix Polygoni Multiflori | 156 | Shenfu Injection | 157 |
| Zuo-Gui pills (ZGPs) and You-Gui pills (YGPs) | 92 | Tanreqing injection | 158 |
| Achyranthes bidentata Blume polypeptides | 228 | Tong Luo Jiu Nao injection | 93 |
| Liuwei dihuang | 16 | Ginsenosides (G), berberine (B) and jasminoidin (J) | 225 |
| Paeoniflorin from the Chinese herb Radix Paeoniae alba | 159 | Total Saikosaponins from Bupleurum yinchowense | 96 |
| Acorus tatarinowii Schott | 94,127 | Magnolol from Magnolia officinalis | 229 |
| Ginsenoside Rb1 | 174,226 | Paeoniflorin from Paeony radix | 206 |
| Sanguisorbae Radix extract | 10 | Osthole, from Cnidium monnieri (L.) cusson | 160 |
| Celastrol from tripterygium wilfordii | 205 | Radix Astragali | 97 |
| Extract of Bacopa monniera | 102,207 | Ganoderma lucidum (GaLu) extract | 99 |
| Dansen polysaccharides (DSP) | 208 | Shenwu capsule and single herb extracts (Tetrahydroxy-stilbene glucoside, Cornel iridoid glycoside, Epimedium flavone and Icariin) | 209 |
| Huperzine A | 5,98,162,230 | Salviae miltiorrhizae radix | 101 |
| Berberine | 17,21,64,67,225,231 | Cajanus indicus (CI) protein | 210 |
| Lavandula angustifolia Mill | 100 | Dangguijakyak-san | 12,13 |
| Houttuynia cordata Thunb | 11 | Bacopa monniera | 102,207 |
| Glycyrrhiza uralensis | 161,211 | San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXT), composed of Coptidis rhizoma, Scutellariae radix and Rhei rhizoma | 18 |
| Trichilia catigua | 212 | Panaxatriol saponins from Panax notoginseng | 106 |
| Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Bupleurum scorzonerifolfium Willd | 104 | Chunghyuldan | 14 |
| Icariin, an active natural ingredient from the Chinese plant Epimedium sagittatum maxim | 164 | Leonurine | 107,166 |
| Herba Leonuri | 107,166 | Wu-Zi-Yan-Zong granule | 109 |
| Samjunghwan (SJH) is a multi-herbal traditional medicine composed of Mori Fructus, Lycii Radicis Cortex, and Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba | 15 | Perilla frutescens seed oil | 111 |
| Artemisia absinthium L | 110 | Astragalus mongholicus | 217 |
| Polyphenols | 155,183,216,222 | Scutellarin (Scu) is the major active principle (flavonoid) extracted from Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz | 114 |
| Total glycosides of peony | 219 | Cassia obtisufolia | 116 |
| Honokiol, a component of the herb Magnolia officinalis, safflor yellow B | 119 | Icaritin | 171 |
| Polygonum multiflorum | 6,83,89,120 | Alpinia (A.) oxyphylla | 121 |
| Qingkailing injection | 122 | Tianzhi Keli | 124 |
| Radix Salviae Miltiorrhiza Bge | 173 | Puerarin dari Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi | 232 |
| Salvia miltiorrhiza | 101,108,173,204,208,220,233,234 | Cistanches salsa | 125 |
| Ursolic acid from Souyang | 235 | Does not discuss natural agents specifically | 24,32,38,40,45,68–70,80,84,95,103,112,117,123,126,129,139,142,154,163,165,167–170,172,175,182,192,197,199,213,215,236–245 |
Word cloud
Figure 13. Word cloud.
Based on Figure 13. Word Cloud shows that the dominant word in the document is the word mitochondria, followed by oxidative stress, neuroprotection, Parkinson’s disease and apoptosis.
Discussion
Natural neurotropic agents refer to natural compounds that have the ability to affect the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. This compound has been widely researched in the context of medicine and brain fitness. Introduction to Natural Neurotropic Agents provides a basic understanding of these compounds and introduces their various effects on the function of mitochondria, which are vital organelles in cells.
Natural neurotropic agents can be defined as natural compounds that have neurotropic properties, namely the ability to influence the nervous system. The main characteristics of natural neurotropic agents include neuroprotective effects, improving cognition, improving mood, and improving nerve function at the cellular level. These compounds can come from natural sources such as plants, herbs, and other natural ingredients.
The role of natural neurotrophic agents on mitochondria is very important because mitochondria are the main energy source of cells and have a key role in nerve function. Natural neurotropic agents can influence mitochondrial function by increasing energy production, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, and protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage. Thus, these compounds can help maintain nerve health and prevent various neurodegenerative disorders.
Natural neurotropic agents have several advantages compared to chemical drugs in the treatment and care of nerves. First, these natural compounds tend to have fewer side effects and are safer to use in the long term. Second, natural neurotropic agents often target multiple biological pathways in the nervous system, providing a more holistic and comprehensive effect. Third, these natural compounds are generally easier to find and widely available on the market. Therefore, natural neurotropic agents offer an attractive and relevant alternative in the treatment and care of neurological conditions.
There are several natural neurotropic agents that are widely discussed in the Scopus reindex document. One of them is Panax notoginseng with ginsenoside. Research shows that the ginsenoside substance contained in Panax notoginseng has significant neurotrophic effects.93,106,128,135 Apart from that, Huperzine A is also a natural neurotropic agent, which is in great demand. Huperzine A has been shown to have neuroprotective properties and may improve cognition.5,98,162,230 Berberine, found in some plants such as cinnamon, is also of interest in neurotrophic studies. Berberine may protect mitochondria and reduce oxidative stress in the nervous system.17,21,64,67,225,231 Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, also has significant neurotrophic effects. Studies show that curcumin can protect nerve cells from oxidative damage and inflammation.30,67,79,136,194 Salvia miltiorrhiza and Artemisia have also been shown to have interesting and potential neurotrophic effects. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of action and potential uses of this natural neurotropic agent.101,108,173,204,208,220,233,234
Panax notoginseng with ginsenoside, humperzine A, berberine, curcumin, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Artemisia is a natural neurotrophic agent available on the market. Bibliometric research reveals that the availability of each of these natural ingredients has received great attention. Panax notoginseng with ginsenoside was found to have strong neurotropic properties and is able to affect mitochondria. Huperzine A is recognized for its ability to improve cognitive function and protect nerve cells. Berberine is known to have neuroprotective and antioxidant effects. Curcumin has significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Salvia miltiorrhiza has neurotrophic effects and protects mitochondria from oxidative stress, whereas Artemisia has promising neuroprotective potential. The availability of all these natural neurotropic agents on the market allows people to consume them and get the benefits proven by research.
Panax notoginseng with ginsenoside is one of the natural neurotropic agents available on the market. Bibliometric research shows that the availability of Panax notoginseng with a ginsenoside substance has received great attention. This natural ingredient has strong neurotropic properties and is able to affect mitochondria. Ginsenoside, the active compound contained in Panax notoginseng, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects and improve cellular signaling in mitochondria. The availability of Panax Notoginseng with Ginsenoside on the market allows people to use it as a natural medicine for brain and nervous system health93,106,128,135
Huperzine A is a natural neurotropic agent available on the market. Bibliometric research shows that the availability of Huperzine A has received great attention. This natural ingredient is recognized for its ability to improve cognitive function and protect nerve cells. Huperzine A works by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, thereby increasing acetylcholine levels and improving nerve signal transmission. With the availability of Huperzine A on the market, people can consume it as a supplement to improve memory and brain function naturally5,98,162,230
Berberine is one of the natural neurotropic agents available on the market. Bibliometric research shows that the availability of berberine has received great attention. This natural ingredient is known for its neuroprotective and antioxidant effects. Berberine works by inhibiting the activity of enzymes involved in inflammatory processes and oxidative stress in nerve cells. With the availability of berberine on the market, people can consume it as a natural medicine that is effective in protecting the brain and nervous system from damage17,21,64,67,225,231
Curcumin is one of the natural neurotropic agents available on the market. Bibliometric research shows that the availability of curcumin has received great attention. This natural ingredient has significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Curcumin works by inhibiting the activity of inflammatory molecules and reducing nerve cell damage due to oxidative stress. The availability of curcumin on the market allows people to use this natural ingredient as a supplement to maintain brain health and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases30,67,79,136,194
Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the natural neurotropic agents available on the market. Bibliometric research shows that the availability of Salvia miltiorrhiza has received great attention. This natural ingredient has neurotrophic effects and protects mitochondria from oxidative stress. Salvia miltiorrhiza extract has been shown to increase nerve cell growth, reduce inflammation, and protect mitochondria from damage. With the availability of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the market, people can use it as an effective natural medicine to improve brain health and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases101,108,173,204,208,220,233,234
Artemisia is one of the natural neurotropic agents available on the market. Bibliometric research shows that the availability of Artemisia has received great attention. This natural ingredient has promising neuroprotective potential. Artemisia contains active compounds that can protect nerve cells from oxidative damage and increase nerve cell growth. The availability of Artemisia on the market allows people to consume it as a natural medicine or supplement to maintain the health of the brain and nervous system7,110
This bibliometric research has highlighted a number of neurotrophic natural agents that have potential benefits in consumption. This study categorizes natural neurotrophic agents that are widely discussed in Scopus index documents, such as Panax Notoginseng with Ginsenoside, Huperzine A, Berberine, Curcumin, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Artemisia. This bibliometric research helps increase public attention to the importance of consuming this natural substance which has been proven to be beneficial in research. The results of this bibliometric research indicate that this topic is still new and has not been widely researched, but has the potential to overcome several problems such as neuroprotective effects, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial pathway signalling.
Currently, people are increasingly aware of the importance of natural neurotrophic agents in maintaining brain health and performance. The results of bibliometric research show that names such as Panax notoginseng with ginsenoside, Huperzine A, Berberine, Curcumin, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Artemisia receive quite high attention from the public. The existence of research that supports the benefits of these natural ingredients makes them the main preference as a safer and more natural alternative to medicine. Public attention to natural neurotrophic agents is growing, along with increasing awareness of the importance of brain health and a better quality of life.
Bibliometric research has revealed various benefits of natural neurotrophic agents based on qualitative and quantitative analysis. These studies show that Panax notoginseng with ginsenoside, humperzine A, berberine, curcumin, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Artemisia has neuroprotective effects and can reduce oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, this natural neurotrophic agent is also associated with improving cognitive function, improving mood, and protecting against mitochondrial damage. These benefits are scientifically proven through bibliometric research and make this natural ingredient a promising option for improving brain health and reducing the risk of neurological disorders.
Bibliometric research reveals significant implications for the use of natural neurotrophic agents. The results of this research provide a strong scientific basis to support the use of natural neurotrophic agents in maintaining brain health and treating neurological disorders. The implications of this research can help health experts in developing more effective and natural treatment strategies. Apart from that, people can also explore the benefits of this natural ingredient to improve their overall quality of life. Thus, the results of this bibliometric research provide a positive impetus for the use and utilization of natural neurotrophic agents in clinical practice and prevention of brain diseases.
Natural agents have compositional heterogeneity that can influence reproductive results across several studies. Consequently, it is essential to conduct adequate characterization and employ standardized extraction techniques. Precise characterisation entails identifying active components and establishing the chemical profile of plant extracts. Chromatographic techniques, such as *High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)* and *Gas Chromatography (GC), can be employed to identify and quantify active chemicals in plant extracts. Furthermore, spectroscopic techniques such as *Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy are applicable for the characterization of substances.
Conventional extraction techniques, including maceration, percolation, and Soxhlet extraction, must be employed to guarantee uniformity in the extract’s composition. Maceration entails immersing plant material in a solvent at ambient temperature, whereas percolation consists of the solvent traversing through the plant material. Soxhlet extraction use hot solvent to isolate active chemicals from plant material. Employing a standardized extraction procedure will guarantee that the resultant extract possesses a homogeneous composition.
Furthermore, dose consistency is crucial to guarantee that the doses employed in research are standardized and replicable. Inconsistent dosing may result in disparate outcomes and complicate the comparison of findings across several research. Consequently, it is essential to ascertain the suitable dosage based on prior preclinical and clinical studies.
The long-term safety and potential toxicity of natural agents should be evaluated, particularly when administered in elevated doses or over prolonged durations. Certain natural substances may exhibit adverse side effects or toxicity when administered in elevated concentrations. Certain natural chemicals may induce hepatic or renal damage when administered in high quantities. Consequently, it is essential to undertake additional study to assess the long-term safety of these natural agents.
Data from toxicological studies and clinical trials can yield more extensive insights into the potential risks and advantages of utilizing natural substances. Toxicology study entails the examination of chemicals on laboratory animals to ascertain safe dosage levels and those that induce hazardous effects. Clinical studies entail the assessment of substances on human subjects to determine their safety and efficacy. This research provides data to establish a safe and effective dosage for prolonged use.
An analysis comparing the performance of natural medicines with synthetic pharmaceuticals regarding neuroprotection and mitochondrial function helps elucidate the benefits and drawbacks of natural therapy. Natural agents typically have a superior safety profile and a reduced incidence of side effects in comparison to synthetic pharmaceuticals. Natural substances like curcumin and resveratrol exhibit neuroprotective properties with little adverse consequences. Nevertheless, synthetic medications such as memantine and ketamine may exhibit more success in the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses; yet, they may also result in more severe adverse effects.
Comparative investigations utilizing in vitro and in vivo methodologies can yield profound insights into the distinctions between natural medicines and synthetic pharmaceuticals regarding neuroprotection and mitochondrial function. In vitro tests entail evaluating chemicals on cells produced in a laboratory setting, whereas in vivo tests involve assessing compounds on laboratory animals. This study’s results can identify the merits and demerits of each therapy kind.
The integration of natural agents with synthetic pharmaceuticals can offer a more comprehensive and efficacious strategy for neuroprotection and mitochondrial function. This combination can utilize the benefits of both agent types, specifically the superior safety profile of natural agents and the enhanced efficacy of synthetic medications. The combination of curcumin and memantine can augment neuroprotective effects by mitigating the adverse effects associated with the use of memantine in isolation.
Studies indicate that the amalgamation of natural and synthetic medicines can augment therapy efficacy and diminish the necessary dosage to attain the desired therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, this combination may reduce the likelihood of drug resistance, which frequently arises from prolonged usage of synthetic pharmaceuticals. Republic of Indonesia Food and Drug Supervisory Agency, 2023. Consequently, it is essential to undertake more study to assess the efficacy of integrating natural and synthetic medicines in neuroprotection and mitochondrial function.
Conclusion
Natural Agent Neurotropik is a natural substance that has the ability to influence the brain’s nervous system and peripheral nervous system. It has been extensively studied in the fields of medicine and veterinary medicine. Its main characteristics include neuroprotective effects, enhancing cognition, enhancing mood, and improving brain function on the cell level. It can be derived from various natural sources, such as herbs, spices, and herbal products.
Natural Agent Neurotropik has several advantages over other natural agents in terms of energy production, brain biogenesis, and neuroprotection. It is also more soluble and comprehensible than other biological agents. Some of the natural agents include Panax notoginseng with ginsenoside, Huperzine A, Berberine, Curcumin, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Artemisia.
The presence of these natural agents in the environment can help people consume them and benefit from the research. Ginsenosida, an active ingredient in Panax notoginseng, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects and improve brain function. Overall, Natural Agent Neurotropik is a valuable and relevant alternative to traditional medicine.
Author contribution
AYS conducts research, gathers data, performs statistical analysis, and produces discussions and conclusions. DAYS editing.
Ethical consideration
This study used secondary data retrieved from database that do not require approval from the Ethics Committee for research on humans. However, we followed the ethical principles recommended for analysis of this nature through respecting ideas and citations and referencing authors and their publications.
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YURISALDI SALEH A and Yogi Saputra DA. Natural agents that are neuroprotective against mitochondria: a bibliometric-based research mapping 1998–2024, from cells to mitochondria [version 2; peer review: 1 approved]. F1000Research 2024, 13:754 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151380.2)
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Singh BK. Reviewer Report For: Natural agents that are neuroprotective against mitochondria: a bibliometric-based research mapping 1998–2024, from cells to mitochondria [version 2; peer review: 1 approved]. F1000Research 2024, 13:754 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.172373.r334248)
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Reviewer Report 19 Nov 2024
Brijesh Kumar Singh,
Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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I have no further comments. My concerns
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Singh BK. Reviewer Report For: Natural agents that are neuroprotective against mitochondria: a bibliometric-based research mapping 1998–2024, from cells to mitochondria [version 2; peer review: 1 approved]. F1000Research 2024, 13:754 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.172373.r334248)
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Singh BK. Reviewer Report For: Natural agents that are neuroprotective against mitochondria: a bibliometric-based research mapping 1998–2024, from cells to mitochondria [version 2; peer review: 1 approved]. F1000Research 2024, 13:754 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.166024.r314755)
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https://f1000research.com/articles/13-754/v1#referee-response-314755
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Reviewer Report 18 Sep 2024
Brijesh Kumar Singh,
Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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The study employed a systematic literature review to gather and analyze data on natural agents and their neuroprotective effects on mitochondria. The Scopus database was utilized with specific search terms, including "natural agents," "herb*," "neuroprotective," and "mitochondria." The collected data
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Singh BK. Reviewer Report For: Natural agents that are neuroprotective against mitochondria: a bibliometric-based research mapping 1998–2024, from cells to mitochondria [version 2; peer review: 1 approved]. F1000Research 2024, 13:754 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.166024.r314755)
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https://f1000research.com/articles/13-754/v1#referee-response-314755
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Author Response 23 Oct 2024ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH, Neurology, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia23 Oct 2024Author ResponseThank you to the reviewers for their kindness in providing feedback and suggestions.
Natural agents have compositional heterogeneity that can influence reproductive results across several studies. Consequently, it is ... Continue reading
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Author Response 23 Oct 2024ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH, Neurology, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia23 Oct 2024Author ResponseThank you to the reviewers for their kindness in providing feedback and suggestions.
Natural agents have compositional heterogeneity that can influence reproductive results across several studies. Consequently, it is ... Continue reading
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