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Antioxidant, Flavonoid, Aloe vera, Avocado seed, Quantitative phytochemistry
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Nugrahani NA, Anggraeni CNY, Widyastuti NH and Kholifa M. Analyzing Aloe vera and Avocado Seed Extracts for Antioxidants, Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids, and Alkaloids Using the UV-VIS Spectrophotometric Method [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2025, 14:36 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157091.2)
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Research Article
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Analyzing Aloe vera and Avocado Seed Extracts for Antioxidants, Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids, and Alkaloids Using the UV-VIS Spectrophotometric Method
[version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]
PUBLISHED 04 Nov 2025
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This article is included in the Plant Science gateway.
Abstract
Corresponding author:
Nur Ariska Nugrahani
Competing interests:
No competing interests were disclosed.
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The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work.
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© 2025 Nugrahani NA et al.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
How to cite: Nugrahani NA, Anggraeni CNY, Widyastuti NH and Kholifa M. Analyzing Aloe vera and Avocado Seed Extracts for Antioxidants, Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids, and Alkaloids Using the UV-VIS Spectrophotometric Method [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2025, 14:36 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157091.2)
First published: 06 Jan 2025, 14:36 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157091.1)
Latest published: 04 Nov 2025, 14:36 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157091.2)
Revised Amendments from Version 1
An introduction (added an explanation about Aloe vera and Avocado seed), In methods, added part of Aloe vera and the total compound of alkaloid: 10000 based on laboratory standard, and in discussion, added the mechanism of antioxidant. And the limitations of this study.
To read any peer review reports and author responses for this article, follow the "read" links in the Open Peer Review table.
Introduction
Indonesia is a tropical nation characterized by a vast array of terrestrial flora. As many as 22,500 species have been recorded, around 1000 plants can be used as medicine,1 such as avocado seeds and Aloe vera, which have long been known as plants believed to have high efficacy and lower side effects.2,3 Avocado seeds and aloe vera have the potential to serve as raw materials for pharmaceuticals devoid of chemical additives, as well as for food, beverages, and cosmetics. Avocado seeds have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in dentistry and may be used as a gel for the treatment of canker sores. Conversely, Aloe vera is currently applied to dentistry to promote wound healing, diminish inflammation, and alleviate discomfort.3
Avocado seeds and aloe vera possess the same secondary metabolite chemicals, namely tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids.2,4 Tannins possess antioxidant, astringent, antidiarrheal, and antibacterial effects.5 Flavonoids are the predominant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory chemicals.6 The content of different compounds, namely saponins, has the potential to have antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-diabetics properties.7 The constituents of many substances, including saponins, have the potential for antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-diabetic properties.8 Both materials’ secondary metabolite levels were determined using quantitative phytochemical tests. Avocado seed extract is abundant in polyphenols and flavonoids, which have potent antibacterial and antioxidant effects, especially against oral infections. Aloe vera is renowned for its anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties, rendering it significant for mucosal tissue regeneration. This work tackles the gap by examining a dual-extract formulation that may provide a safer, more accessible alternative to synthetic drugs. This work is essential due to the increasing worry over antibiotic resistance and the desire for biocompatible, plant-based medicines in dental care.3,5,6
Quantitative phytochemical analyses ascertain the quantities of secondary metabolites.9 The ethanol extract of avocado seeds has 0.435% alkaloids, 0.1084% flavonoids, 0.0309% phenols, and 0.2044% tannins, as determined using a spectrophotometer.10 A separate investigation employing UV-Vis spectrophotometry determined that avocado seed extract has 56.5063 μg/ml of alkaloids, 245.6875 μg/ml of flavonoids, 15.65 μg/ml of phenols, 27.03 μg/ml of tannins, and 22.73 μg/ml of saponins.11 Aloe vera extract analyzed via UV-Vis spectrophotometry revealed concentrations of 4.65 ± 0.08 tannins, 1.43 ± 0.031 flavonoids, 60.85 ± 0.61 saponins, and 22.86 ± 0.15 alkaloids.12 Aloe vera extract (100 g) had 31.067 g of alkaloids, 25.66 g of tannins, and 10.67 g of saponins. The ethanol extract of avocado seed showed a moderate antioxidant capacity (IC50 77.298 μg/mL). Still, the ethanol extract of Aloe vera displayed 70.7% antioxidant activity as assessed by the DPPH technique using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.13 These compounds demonstrate considerable antioxidant capabilities, particularly tannins and flavonoids, which correlate with elevated antioxidant levels.14 The ethanol extract of avocado seeds had a moderate antioxidant capacity (IC50 77.298 μg/mL),15 but the ethanol extract of Aloe vera displayed 70.7% antioxidant activity as assessed by the DPPH technique.16
This study will investigate the extraction of avocado and aloe vera seeds by the maceration method utilizing 70% ethanol for 48 hours, distinguishing it from prior studies. This study compares quantitative phytochemical analyses using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer with antioxidant assessments employing the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, also utilizing a UV-VIS spectrophotometer to ascertain the antioxidant activity and IC50 values in avocado seed extract and Aloe vera extract, thereby evaluating the compound levels and antioxidant activity in both extracts.
Methods
Ethics statement
Ethics clearance certificate number: 2.057/XI/HREC/2023. This in vitro study will be conducted at the Integrated Laboratory UPT Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta (Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory) for phytochemical and antioxidant testing, and the Plant Systematics Laboratory of the Faculty of Biology UGM for determination purposes.
Plant determination (materials)
The avocado seeds used were taken from a resident garden in Kepurun Village, Manisrenggo, Klaten. The Aloe vera was taken from a resident’s garden on Kalimantan Street, Purwosari Sinduadi, Mlati District, Sleman. The aloe vera used is the peel/inner leaf and gel/inner pulp from Malang. The determination was made at the Plant Systematics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, UGM, using certificate number 00569/S. Tb.//II/2024 for Aloe vera, and 00568/S. Tb./II/2024 for the avocado seeds.
Extraction of Avocado seed and Aloe vera
Avocado seeds and Aloe vera (peel/inner leaf and gel/inner pulp) were washed, cleaned, air-dried, ground into powdered simplicia by grinding, and then sieved. The simplicity of both ingredients was then extracted using the maceration technique. Maceration was performed by soaking the simplicia in 70% ethanol solvent (1:10) for 2 × 24 h with occasional stirring. The filtered filtrate was concentrated using a rotary evaporator.
Phytochemical quantitative test
A standard curve was established using a saponin scale of 10 mg of sample, specifically avocado seed extract and aloe vera extract, adding 5 ml of water to each extract. The mixture was vortexed for 5 min, and 50 μL of anisaldehyde was added. It was then shaken and allowed to stand for 10 minutes. Introduce 2 ml of 50% sulfuric acid and subject the mixture to heating in a water bath at 60°C for 10 minutes. Water was added to a 10 ml volume in a measuring flask, with the standard concentrations beginning at 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 μl. Absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 435 nm, and the standard used was Quillaja saponin.
To quantify total saponins, avocado seed extract and aloe vera extract samples were weighed to approximately 100 mg. Then, 2 ml of 25% H2SO4, was introduced, and the mixture was autoclaved for 120 min at 110°C, followed by extraction with ether and subsequent drying of the filtrate. Add 1 ml of water and extract by vortexing for 5 minutes. Then, 50 μL of anisaldehyde was added, mixed thoroughly, and allowed to stand for 10 min. Introduce 2 ml of 50% sulfuric acid and subject the mixture to heating in a water bath at 60°C for 10 minutes. Ten milliliters of water were diluted using a volumetric flask, and the absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 435 nm.
A meticulous weighing of 10 milligrams of quinine standard and 5 milliliters of 2N hydrochloric acid produced the standard curve. The solution was passed through a separating funnel thrice with 10 mL of chloroform each time, and the chloroform phase was then discarded. 0.1 N NaOH was added to the mixture. Then, 5 ml of BCG Solution and 5 ml of Phosphate Buffer were added. Following 15 min of magnetic stirring at 500 rpm, 5 mL of chloroform was added to the solution for extraction. Chloroform was used for extraction in two separate instances. The chloroform phase was removed by evaporation using nitrogen gas, and 10 mL of chloroform was added. The absorbance was measured at 470 nm.
The sample was measured to within ±100 mg to determine the total alkaloid content. Then, 5 mL of 2N HCl was added and mixed by shaking. The mixture was then rinsed thrice with 10 mL of chloroform in a separating funnel. After removing the chloroform phase, the solution was acidified with 0.1 N NaOH solution. Then, 5 ml of BCG Solution and 5 ml of Phosphate Buffer were added. After 5 ml of chloroform was added to the solution, it was swirled magnetically at 500 rpm for 15 min. Chloroform was used for extraction in two separate instances. Chloroform (5 mL) was added after the chloroform phase was recovered and evaporated using nitrogen gas. Absorbance was measured at 470 nm, and the standard used was Quillaja bark.
A quercetin standard (10.0 mg) and 0.3 ml of 5% sodium nitrite were utilized to construct the standard curve. Subsequently, 0.6 ml of 10% aluminum chloride was added after 5 minutes and allowed to stand for another 5 minutes. Subsequently, 2 ml of 1 M sodium hydroxide was introduced. About 10 ml of distilled water was introduced into the measuring flask. The solution was placed in a cuvette, and absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 510 nm.
Fifty milligrams of the sample were precisely measured to determine total flavonoids, followed by adding 0.3 milliliters of 5% sodium nitrite. After 5 minutes, 0.6 ml of 10% aluminum chloride was added and allowed to stand for another 5 minutes, followed by 2 ml of 1 M sodium hydroxide. Distilled water was added to a volume of up to 10 ml using the measuring flask and diluted as necessary. The solution was placed in a cuvette, and the absorbance was recorded at a wavelength of 510 nm.
The Tannic Acid standard was accurately weighed to construct the standard curve. Subsequently, 10 mL of Folin Ciocalteu reagent was added, vortexed, and allowed to stand for 5 minutes. Prepare a 20% Sodium Carbonate solution and adjust the final volume to 100 mL. Following a 30-minute incubation at room temperature, absorbance was assessed at 760 nm.
The sample was weighed to an accuracy of ±100 mg to assess the total tannin content. Perform extraction using 10 mL of diethyl ether for 20 hours, followed by filtration. The residual diethyl ether was evaporated, and distilled water was added to the sample to achieve a final volume of 10 mL. Measure 1 mL of the sample solution, incorporate 0.1 mL of Folin Ciocalteu reagent, vortex the mixture, and allow it to stand for 5 minutes. Introduce 2 mL of 20% Sodium Carbonate, vortex the solution, and allow it to stand for 5 minutes. Aquadest was introduced into a 10 ml volume and subsequently diluted by a factor of 10. Following a 30-minute incubation at room temperature, the absorbance was recorded at 760 nm.
To obtain a linear regression equation and correlation coefficient, the absorbance results were used to create a standard curve (flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins). A regression equation was employed to compute the chemical content utilizing the following formula:
A stock solution was made by weighing 500 mg of the extract and diluting it in 20 mL of 70% ethanol. The mixture was transferred to a 50 mL volumetric flask, ethanol was poured to the mark, and subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes. The solution was filtered until a transparent filtrate was acquired. The stock solution underwent dilution. Prepare a 0.4 mM DPPH solution using 15.7 mg of DPPH and ethanol (96%) to the mark in a 100 mL volumetric flask. The solution underwent ultrasonication for 5 minutes until DPPH was fully dissolved. A sample including 50 μL of extract, 1.0 mL of 0.4 mM DPPH, and 3,950 mL of ethanol was vortexed in a microplate and incubated for 30 minutes in a dark environment. Absorbance was quantified at a wavelength of 515 nm. Development of standard curves and linear regression formulae. The antioxidant activity was determined using the following formula:
The IC50 value was determined utilizing the formula: (x) IC50 = (50 – b): a (a = intersep; b = koefisiensi beta).
Results
Quantitative measurement of saponins was conducted utilizing Quillaja bark standards at a wavelength of 435 nm, with the linear equation Y = 9.44528e-0.44x - 0.00332132 and a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.99974 ( Figure 1). The subsequent equation was employed to ascertain the concentrations of saponin components, whereas the r-value indicates the correlation between the concentration of the standard solution and the absorbance. An R value around 1 is considered favorable as it implies a direct proportionality or linearity between the concentration of the standard solution and the absorbance. The overall saponin test findings indicated that the average saponin content in Aloe vera extract surpassed that of avocado seeds. The findings revealed that the mean saponin concentration in the Aloe vera extract sample was 0.74%, whereas that of the avocado seed extract was 0.21%.
Figure 1. Curve of Saponin.
The quantitative measurement of alkaloids was conducted utilizing the Quillaja bark standard at a wavelength of 470 nm, with the linear equation Y = 0.00154627x - 0.00434169 and a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.99913 ( Figure 2). The overall alkaloid test findings indicated that the average alkaloid level in Aloe vera extract surpassed that of avocado seeds. The findings revealed that the mean concentration in avocado seeds was 0.0232%, whereas that in Aloe vera was 0.0313%.
Figure 2. Curve of Alkaloid.
The quantitative analysis of flavonoids was conducted utilizing the quercetin standard at a wavelength of 510 nm, resulting in a linear equation of Y = 0.00569497 x - 0.00473317, with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.99979 ( Figure 3). The total flavonoid test results indicated that the average flavonoid content in Aloe vera extract was lower than in avocado seeds. The observation results revealed that the average content of avocado seeds was 19.44%, while in Aloe vera, it was 0.99%.
Figure 3. Curve of Flavonoid.
The quantitative analysis of tannin was conducted utilizing the Tannin Acid standard at a wavelength of 760 nm, with a linear equation represented as Y = 0.019469x + 9.88071e-004, and a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.99994 ( Figure 4). The total tannin test results on avocado and Aloe vera seeds indicated that the average tannin content in Aloe vera extract was less than that found in avocado seeds. The observation results revealed that the average content of avocado seed extract was 10.66%, while Aloe vera extract was measured at 4.68%.
Figure 4. Curve of Tanin.
The test results for Aloe vera extract samples ( Figure 5) indicated an IC50 value of 4614 μg/mL, categorizing it as inactive. Examinations of avocado seeds ( Figure 6) revealed an IC50 value of 135 μg/mL, categorizing it as moderate.
Figure 5. Antioxidant from Aloe vera.
Figure 6. Antioxidant from Avocado seed.
Discussion
The saponin concentration in A. vera surpasses that of avocado seeds, as the highest levels of saponin in plants are located in the fruit and leaves, particularly in mature leaves17,18; this aligns with prior research indicating that saponin synthesis transpires in the leaves.19 Saponin demonstrates foaming properties upon interaction with water.19 The composition and concentration of saponins are significantly affected by environmental conditions and extraction methods.20–22 Saponins work by exhibiting antibacterial action through the denaturation of proteins. The active compound saponin, akin to a detergent, can diminish the surface tension of bacterial cell walls, hence compromising the permeability of the bacterial membrane.23
Aloe vera extract contained more alkaloid compounds. Plant type can also influence the difference, and environmental factors such as soil pH approaching neutral (5.79-6.97) can affect alkaloid production. The extraction process also affected the amount of alkaloid compound withdrawal.24 The condition of the planting and maintenance soil is also thought to affect the quality of the avocado and Aloe vera plants used, so soil that uses nitrogen fertilizer can increase the production of alkaloids.25 Alkaloids have basic properties and contain one or more nitrogen atoms in a cyclic system combination. This compound is likely to be present in small quantities and must be separated from a complex mixture of compounds. The alkaloid compounds were the lowest compared to the other compounds.26,27 Alkaloid compounds have non-polar properties; therefore, they are less suitable for extraction with polar compounds, such as 70% ethanol. Alkaloids play a role in plant metabolism and control plant development. Most alkaloid compounds originate from plants, especially Angiosperms.28
Flavonoid content is higher in plants grown in lowlands, which is closely related to temperature and soil nutrient availability.29,30 The avocado and Aloe vera seeds used in this study were collected from different areas. The avocado seeds used in this study were obtained from lowland plantations with higher soil calcium content. This can affect flavonoid content. The significant difference in flavonoid content was also caused by the fact that the types and varieties of plants used were not uniform. Flavonoids are primary antioxidants that provide hydrogen atoms to the free radicals. The flavonoid levels in plants affect the plant’s antioxidant activity. Flavonoids are polar compounds that can dissolve in polar solvents, such as ethanol, methanol, butanol, acetone, and dimethylformamide. Water-soluble flavonoids are included in the polyphenol family. Flavonoids are also bound to glycosides. Hence, the mixture of the above solvents with water is a suitable solvent for flavonoid glycosides. In contrast, aglycones such as flavones, flavonols, and flavanones are more easily dissolved in chloroform and ether solvents.30–32
The tannin content in avocado seeds was higher than in aloe vera seeds. Tannin compounds can be found in dicotyledonous plants’ stems, skin, flowers, seeds, leaves, and cell walls or vacuoles. Generally, tannin compounds are more commonly found in dicotyledonous plants or flowering plants with dicotyledonous seeds, especially in angiosperm plants, such as plants with closed seeds, such as avocado seeds. During the maturity phase, fruit seeds experience a significant increase in tannin levels.32 Avocado is a dicotyledonous angiosperm plant that is thought to have a high tannin content, especially in seeds. Simultaneously, Aloe vera is included in monocotyledonous angiosperm plants.33–35 In addition, tannin has a molecular weight consisting of hydroxyl groups and several other groups, such as carboxyl and complex organic substances, which are difficult to separate and crystallize. Chemically, tannins are divided into condensed and hydrolyzed tannins. The type of tannin commonly found in plants is hydrolyzed tannin, usually marked by a color change from greyish-blue to blackish when given specific reagents. Tannins possess a sour and astringent flavor and create colloids upon dissolution in water. Tannin’s structure comprises two aromatic rings connected by three carbon atoms.35–37
The antioxidant activity was evaluated utilizing the DPPH assay. Before assessing the sample concentrations by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the DPPH solution was analyzed to ascertain the optimal wavelength, ensuring that the sample sensitivity was maximized at the highest absorbance value. A potent antioxidant possesses an IC50 value under 50 μg/mL, a powerful antioxidant has an IC50 value ranging from 50 to 100 μg/mL, a moderate antioxidant exhibits an IC50 value between 101 and 250 μg/mL, a weak antioxidant shows an IC50 value from 250 to 500 μg/mL, and an inactive antioxidant has an IC50 value exceeding 500 μg/mL.37,38 The analysis of the DPPH solution indicated an optimal wavelength of 515.5 nm for DPPH. This wavelength was employed to assess the antioxidant activity of the samples. Sample testing was conducted by reacting the test solution with the DPPH solution, followed by a 30-minute incubation in a dark environment. The incubation period is ideal for the DPPH technique, facilitating effective binding between antioxidant molecules and DPPH radicals. The comparator employed in this investigation was Vitamin C. Vitamin C comprises powerful natural antioxidant molecules. Vitamin C serves as a reliable comparator with well-defined features; hence, the vitamin C antioxidant test findings can assist in assessing the quality and efficacy of antioxidant components in the extract under examination.38,39
The avocado seed extract in this study was tested with three repetitions or taking from the mother liquor, and obtained an average percentage inhibition result of 44.12% with an IC50 value of 135 μg/mL, classified as moderate. Aloe vera extract was tested with three repetitions or taken from the mother liquor, and obtained an average percentage inhibition result of 40.17% with an IC50 value of 4614 μg/mL, classified as inactive, but still has no potential as an antioxidant. The levels or concentrations used in Aloe vera were higher than those in avocado seeds, allowing the IC50 value to be obtained. The requirement for calculating the IC50 value is when there is an intersection between the inhibition value and a level above 50. If both levels are the same, the inhibition value obtained will not be more than 50%; therefore, the IC50 value in Aloe vera cannot be determined.39
IC50 denotes the concentration of antioxidant chemicals required to neutralize 50% of free radicals. A lower IC50 value indicates greater antioxidant activity.40,41 The difference in results obtained in A. vera and avocado seed extracts can occur due to several factors, such as plant factors themselves, plant quality, planting methods, the environment around the planting, and contamination by other substances. The difference in results between avocado seeds and Aloe vera can be associated with tannins and flavonoids in both extracts. The levels of flavonoids and tannins obtained in avocado seed extract were much higher, at 10.66% and 19.44%, respectively, while in Aloe vera, the flavonoid and tannin contents were only 4.68% and 0.99%, respectively. The difference in the content of these two compounds can affect the antioxidant activity of a plant. Previous studies stated that the phenolic content, such as flavonoids and tannins, strongly influences a plant’s antioxidant activity.41–43 The comparison of flavonoid and tannin levels reveals that Aloe vera contains 4.68% tannins and 0.99% flavonoids, whereas avocado seeds exhibit significantly higher concentrations of 10.66% tannins and 19.44% flavonoids. Thus, the levels of both compounds are markedly greater in avocado seeds compared to Aloe vera. Both compounds are significant contributors to antioxidant activity.
This study is limited to identifying the highest antioxidant activity, and further research is needed to optimize dosage and assess in vivo toxicity.
Conclusion
The levels of flavonoids and tannins in the ethanol extract of avocado seeds were higher than those in A. vera. The levels of saponin and alkaloid compounds were higher in Aloe vera.
The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract from avocado seeds exceeded that of Aloe vera. The inhibition percentage in avocado seeds was 44.12%, corresponding to an IC50 value of 135 μg/mL, indicating moderate activity. In contrast, Aloe vera exhibited an inhibition percentage of 40.17% with an IC50 value of 4164 μg/mL, suggesting inactivity.
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how to cite this article
Nugrahani NA, Anggraeni CNY, Widyastuti NH and Kholifa M. Analyzing Aloe vera and Avocado Seed Extracts for Antioxidants, Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids, and Alkaloids Using the UV-VIS Spectrophotometric Method [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2025, 14:36 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157091.2)
NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
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PUBLISHED 06 Jan 2025
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How to cite this report:
Gălăţanu ML. Reviewer Report For: Analyzing Aloe vera and Avocado Seed Extracts for Antioxidants, Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids, and Alkaloids Using the UV-VIS Spectrophotometric Method [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2025, 14:36 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.172498.r391024)
The direct URL for this report is:
https://f1000research.com/articles/14-36/v1#referee-response-391024
https://f1000research.com/articles/14-36/v1#referee-response-391024
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation.
Reviewer Report 22 Jul 2025
Approved with Reservations
VIEWS 5
The paper presents a comparative study of phytochemical quantification of the predominant compounds between two plant species, as well as their antioxidant capacity. Few aspects must be clarified:
1. Which organ is used from Aloe vera, as it is ... Continue reading
1. Which organ is used from Aloe vera, as it is ... Continue reading
CITE
HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT
Gălăţanu ML. Reviewer Report For: Analyzing Aloe vera and Avocado Seed Extracts for Antioxidants, Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids, and Alkaloids Using the UV-VIS Spectrophotometric Method [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2025, 14:36 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.172498.r391024)
The direct URL for this report is:
https://f1000research.com/articles/14-36/v1#referee-response-391024
https://f1000research.com/articles/14-36/v1#referee-response-391024
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
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How to cite this report:
Illian DN. Reviewer Report For: Analyzing Aloe vera and Avocado Seed Extracts for Antioxidants, Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids, and Alkaloids Using the UV-VIS Spectrophotometric Method [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2025, 14:36 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.172498.r356891)
The direct URL for this report is:
https://f1000research.com/articles/14-36/v1#referee-response-356891
https://f1000research.com/articles/14-36/v1#referee-response-356891
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation.
Reviewer Report 28 Mar 2025
Didi Nurhadi Illian,
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
Approved with Reservations
VIEWS 6
This manuscript describes the quantification of the levels of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins from both extracts of avocado seed and aloe vera. In addition, the IC50 values were determined. It is such an interesting manuscript to be reviewed. The
... Continue reading
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HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT
Illian DN. Reviewer Report For: Analyzing Aloe vera and Avocado Seed Extracts for Antioxidants, Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids, and Alkaloids Using the UV-VIS Spectrophotometric Method [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2025, 14:36 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.172498.r356891)
The direct URL for this report is:
https://f1000research.com/articles/14-36/v1#referee-response-356891
https://f1000research.com/articles/14-36/v1#referee-response-356891
NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.
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