Alleviative effects of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field on <i>Triticum aestivum </i>L. under salinity stress

Sara Torabi; Mohammad Ali Taheri; Farid Semsarha

doi:10.12688/f1000research.25247.1

Home Browse Alleviative effects of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field on Triticum...

ALL Metrics

Views

Downloads

Get PDF

Get XML

Export

▬

✚

Research Article

Alleviative effects of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field on Triticum aestivum L. under salinity stress

[version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]

Sara Torabi ¹, Mohammad Ali Taheri², Farid Semsarha ³

PUBLISHED 03 Sep 2020

Author details Author details

¹ Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran
² Sciencefact Research Center, , Cosmointel Ltd. Research Center, Ontario, Canada, Ontario, Canada
³ Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, 13145-1384, Iran

Sara Torabi
Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Software, Writing – Original Draft Preparation

Mohammad Ali Taheri
Roles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization

Farid Semsarha
Roles: Writing – Review & Editing

OPEN PEER REVIEW

REVIEWER STATUS

This article is included in the Plant Science gateway.

Abstract

Background: The Fara-darmani Consciousness Field was founded by Mohammad Ali Taheri. It is a novel field and is described similarly to the field of gravity, or the electromagnetic field. This field is neither matter nor energy, and therefore does not possess a quantity. Even though there is no direct scientific evidence for the Consciousness Field, it is possible to investigate its effects on objects through controlled experiments. The aim of the present work was to study the alleviative effects of the Fara-darmani Consciousness Field on common wheat Triticum aestivum L. var Star under salt stress.
Methods: Plants were grown under 0 mM NaCl (control) and 150 mM NaCl with or without the influence of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field for 3 weeks. Chlorophyll, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POX) were measured in all groups of plants.
Results: In the salt-treated plants under the influence of the Fara-darmani Consciousness Field, the contents of total chlorophyll, as well as a and b chlorophyll forms, were elevated compared with the salt-treated plants without Fara-darmani CF (34.8%, 17.8%, and 169% respectively). Additionally, Fara-darmani increased H₂O₂(57%) and the activity of SOD and PPO by 220% and 168%, respectively, under salinity compared with the salt-treated plants without Fara-darmani CF. MDA content and activity of peroxidase were decreased by 12.5% and 34%, respectively.
Conclusion: These results suggest the Fara-darmani Consciousness Field as a qualitative intervention strategy to withstand salt stress in plants, by increasing the contents of chlorophyll, antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreasing MDA content under salinity.

Keywords

Antioxidant enzymes, Fara-darmani, Consciousness Field, Salt stress, Wheat

Corresponding authors: Sara Torabi, Farid Semsarha

Competing interests: Mohammad Ali Taher is the innovator of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field used as the main method of the present study. His contribution to the study was general supervision over the start and end of the Fara-darmani CF treatment in the study.

Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work.

Copyright: © 2020 Torabi S et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

How to cite: Torabi S, Taheri MA and Semsarha F. Alleviative effects of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field on Triticum aestivum L. under salinity stress [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2020, 9:1089 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25247.1) First published: 03 Sep 2020, 9:1089 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25247.1) Latest published: 23 Jun 2023, 9:1089 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25247.4)

Introduction

Most criticism about complementary therapy is the lack of scientific research. In order to be accepted, academic studies using different study designs are necessary. Since one of the critical objections occurring when human beings are treated with complementary therapy is the placebo responses, biochemical plant-based studies can be a suitable method to clarify the phenomenon (Betti et al., 2003). Among the different plant model systems, the wheat plant has been repeatedly selected for homeopathy research Baumgartner et al. (2000) showed that homeopathic drugs improved plant resistance, which exerted their effect through detoxification processes.

In arid and semi-arid areas of the world, salinity is considered as a major factor in reducing crop productivity (Poonia et al., 1972). Plant growth is adversely affected by multiple environmental stresses, including biotic (e.g. fungi, bacteria, viruses, herbivores) and abiotic (e.g. low temperature, salt, drought, heavy metal toxicity). Among these the salination of arable land is one of the key factors that threatens the sustainability of the agricultural industry. Thus, many studies have attempted to explore processes that contribute to plant survival under salt stress (Ashraf & Harris, 2004) as a strategy to improve productivity and fertility. It is well documented that plants that are exposed to biotic or abiotic stresses have biochemical changes that exert oxidative damage through Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (Smirnoff, 1993). These free radicals disrupt cell membrane stability by peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the plant cell membranes (Bor et al., 2003; Hernández & Almansa 2002; Shalataetal, 2001) and denature protein and nucleic acids (Chen et al., 1993). To alleviate adverse effects of oxidative stress, plants have developed diverse strategies, which are categorized as enzymatic, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and ascorbate peroxidase, and non-enzymatic that directly scavenge ROS, such as glutathione, tocopherol, flavonoids and ascorbates (Agarwal & Pandey, 2004). Plants that have developed an antioxidant system that participates in ROS scavenging have better resistance to oxidative damage (Parida & Das, 2005).

To date, there have been many studies to explore the relationship between the intangible and physical world, especially the interaction between the human mind and outside physical world. For instance, it has been reported that the mind can affect dice tosses (Rhine, 1944). Researchers have previously focused on probabilistic systems, like tossing coins, using random number generators (RNGs). The first RNG study was conducted by Radin & Nelson (1989), which included 597 experiments and 235 control studies. This type of research was considered as ‘micro-psychokinesis’ (micro-PK) (Jahn et al., 1980; Varvoglis & Bancel, 2015). However, micro-PK is not completely acceptable to science because of the null effects and failure to replicate previous positive results (Jahn et al., 2000). Throughout history, studies can be found that explain the interaction between the human mind and body, such as ‘distant healing’, or the effects of the mind on inanimate physical systems, like morphological changes in a thin strip of metal (Randall & Davis, 1982).

Fara-darmani is one of the many Consciousness Field (CFs) founded by Mohammad Ali Taheri. In this theoretical concept, cosmic consciousness is the collection of consciousness, wisdom or intelligence governing the world of existence, which is also called ‘Awareness’. Consciousness, according to Taheri, is one of the three existing elements of the universe apart from matter and energy. By defining Consciousness as neither matter nor energy, we cannot associate a quantity to it. Since consciousness isn’t measurable, its existence can only be known through experience (Taheri, 2013). According to this theory, any living creature, including animals and plants, may be cured via humans by connecting to internet-like facilities called the Cosmic Consciousness Network (CCN). In this type of affection, mind-matter interaction occurs through connecting to the CCN by a Fara-therapist. Fara-darmani establishes a consciousness bond between the ‘whole’ consciousness and the ‘parts’ where all constituents will be scanned and corrected (Taheri, 2013). Although the mechanism of this linkage is not yet definable by science, its consequences can be measured and studied scientifically.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Fara-darmani CF on alleviating the effects of salt stress in a spring wheat variety (Star).

Methods

Fara-darmani Consciousness Field application

In Fara-darmani, subjects of study become connected to that Consciousness Field via Fara-therapist by ‘announcement’ which is a process in which Taheri or any Fara-therapist (announcer) declares and sends the information of the subjects under study (e.g. the number of groups) to the CCN. The influence of Consciousness Field begins with the connection between the human mind and the CCN. In other words, the Fara-therapist’s mind acts as an intermediary between the subject of the study and the CCN. The first author of this study is an announcer and at the same time as the seedlings were subjected to salt stress, two groups of treatments became connected to the CCN (group 2: 0 mM NaCl and group 4: 150 mM NaCl). This exposure occurs without any kind of physical intervention, since consciousness according to Taheri’s concepts is neither matter nor energy, receiving this treatment is possible from close and far distances.

This experiment can easily be repeated by any researcher even from far distances by registering on the COSMOintel website (the Assign Announcement section) COSMOintel is a research center, under the supervision of the innovator of the method (Mohammad Ali Taheri) that has been established to design and implement repeatable and reproducible studies in the world of science¹.

Plants

In this research, we used a spring wheat variety Triticum aestivum L. var Star (Seed and Plants Improvement Institute, Karaj, Alborz Province). Seeds were surface sterilized with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min and washed thoroughly with sterile distilled water. After sterilization, seeds were soaked in distilled water for 24 hours at room temperature. For each treatment three pots were prepared and six seeds were initially sown in plastic pots (10 × 10 cm) containing perlite soil. After the germination they were thinned to five plants per pot. First, all pots were irrigated daily with 100ml distilled water for four days. Then received 100ml half-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution (pH= 5.7) (Hoagland & Arnon, 1950) every other day for another 12 days (chemicals purchased from Sigma-Aldrich).

Applying salinity stress

The sixteen-day-old seedlings were treated with salinity. The salts were added to the nutrient solution. To prevent osmotic shock, salt stress was started gradually on 50 mM NaCl (100ml). Every other day the concentration was increased by 50mM until 150 mM was attained. Salt stress was continued for three weeks (150mM NaCl was added every other day). Initial Fara-darmani connection treatment occurred at the same time as adding the first NaCl solution. Four treatment groups (n=3 pots/group) were performed as follows: group 1, control – grown with no NaCl and did not receive Fara-darmani CF; group 2 –grown with no NaCl and did receive Fara-darmani CF; group 3 – treated with 150 mM NaCl for three weeks and did not receive Fara-darmani CF treatment; group 4 – treated with 150 mM NaCl for three weeks and did receive Fara-darmani CF treatment.

After three weeks, four fully expanded leaves were picked per replicate for future analyses. They were frozen in liquid N₂ and transferred to -20˚C for imminent bench experiments.

Determination of chlorophyll content

For measuring photosynthetic pigments, we used the method by Arnon (1949). 0.5 gram of fresh leaf material placed in acetone 80% and homogenized to extract chlorophyll. The resulting solution was filtered through Whatman’s No.1 filter paper. After extracting of photosynthetic pigments in acetone 80%, absorbance of chlorophyll a and b was recorded by UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-160) at 645 and 663 nm respectively. According to Arnon (1949) chlorophyll concentrations were calculated using the formulas below:

Chl.a (mg l^-1) = [12.7 (A₆₆₃) – 2.69 (A₆₄₅)] * 0.5 ml of extracted sample

Chl.b (mg l^-1) = [22.9 (A₆₄₅) – 4.69 (A₆₆₃)] * 0.5 ml of extracted sample

Total chlorophyll = Chl a + Chl b

Determination of hydrogen peroxide content

Measurement of the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content was performed according to Velikova et al., (2000). One gram of leaf tissue was homogenized on ice with 5 ml of trichloroacetic acid (TCA; Sigma-Aldrich) 0.1% (w/v) and centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 15 min. Subsequently, 0.5 ml of 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7) and 1 ml of 1M potassium iodide was added to 0.5 ml of supernatant. The absorbance of supernatant was determined at 390 nm wavelength.

Determination of lipid peroxidation

Malondialdehyde (MDA), which is a product of lipid peroxidation, has been considered as an indicator of membrane destruction. MDA content was determined according to Stewart & Bewley (1980). We added 5 ml of TCA to 0.2 g of fresh leaf. After homogenization, the solution was centrifuged at 13000 × g for 10 min. The mixture of 1 ml of supernatant with 4 ml of 0.5% thiobarbituric acid in 20% TCA was heated for 30 min at 95˚C and quickly placed in an ice bucket. Subsequently, we centrifuged the solution at 10000 × g for 10 minutes and recorded the absorbance of supernatant at 532 and 600 nm. The calculation of MDA was done from the extinction coefficient of 155 mM^-1 cm^-1.

Determination of enzymes activity

To determine enzyme activity, 0.1 g of fresh third leaves were ground in 3 ml of 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 6.8) at 4˚C. The homogenate was centrifuged at 13000 × g for 20 min at 4˚C. The supernatants were then collected and stored at -70˚C for determination of enzymes activity.

SOD activity was determined using the assay system described by Giannopolitis & Ries (1977). The reaction mixture consisted of 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.5, 13 mM methionine, 0.1 mM Na-EDTA, 75µM NBT, 75 µM Riboflavin and 100 µL of enzyme extract in a final volume of 3 ml (all the chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich). The mixture in glass test tubes was placed 30 cm from 30 W fluorescent lamps. Identical solutions without illumination and enzyme extract were considered as blanks. Since SOD has the ability to inhibit the photochemical reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), the amount of inhibition was estimated by reducing the generation of color in the presence of light. One unit of SOD was described as the amount of enzyme that lead to 50% inhibition of NBT reduction. After 16 min, the absorbance at 560 nm was recorded against the blank. SOD activities were calculated as units per milligram of protein.

POX activity was measured based on the method of Abeles & Biles (1991). The activity of POX was estimated by adding 0.01 ml of enzyme extract to 4 ml of 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5), 0.4 ml H₂O₂ (3%), 0.2 ml 20 mM benzidine. The absorbance was recorded at 530 nm using spectrophotometer and POX activity was expressed as U mg^-1 protein.

PPO was assayed according to Raymond et al. (1993). The reaction solution contained 2.5 ml of 200 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), 0.2 ml of 20 mM pyrogallol and 0.01 ml enzyme extract. The temperature of the reaction mixture was 40˚C. The changes in absorbance were recorded at 430 nm.

Statistical analysis

Each experiment was repeated three times. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance one-way (ANOVA) with SPSS software (version 18). Means were compared by Duncan’s test at the 0.05 level of confidence.

Results

Salinity decreased the contents of chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b and total Chl (Figure 1a-c). Under the influence of Fara-darmani CF with 150 mM NaCl, the contents of total Chl, Chl a and Chl b were elevated (34.8%, 17.8% and 169%, respectively) compared to the plants treated with 150mM without Fara-darmani CF.

The effect of NaCl treatment on H₂O₂ is shown in (Figure 1d). Results of the present study showed that H₂O₂ content remained unchanged under salinity condition whereas for the Fara-darmani CF treated groups (control and 150mM NaCl) showed significant enhancement 100% and 57.1%, respectively.

MDA content was assessed as an oxidative indicator. Salinity stress caused an increase of 59.5% in MDA content as compared to that of control. The Fara-darmani CF treatment to the salt-stressed plant decreased MDA content by about 12.5% (Figure 2d).

POX activity was significantly increased by NaCl treatment up to 244 % compared with control while under salinity treatment exposure to Fara-darmani CF decreased the activity of enzyme by 34 % (Fig 2.b).

SOD activity was slightly increased under salinity. However, it was found that with Fara-darmani CF the activity of SOD in salinity condition was about 220 % higher than that in salinity without Fara-darmani CF treatment (Fig 2.c)

Similarly, PPO activity was not significantly higher than non-saline condition (control). However, the PPO activity showed an increase of 168% under salinity in response to Fara-darmani CF compared to the salinity treated without Fara-darmani CF treatment (Figure 2a).

Figure 1.

Effects of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field treatment on (a) chlorophyll a, (b) total chlorophyll, (c) chlorophyll b, (d) hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Plants were treated with 0 mM NaCl (control) or 150mM NaCl Vertical bars indicate mean ± standard error of three replicates. Means followed by the same letter were not significantly different at P<0.05.

Figure 2. Effects of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field treatment on antioxidant enzyme activities.

(a) polyphenol oxidase (PPO), (b) peroxidase (POX), (c) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and (d)malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Plants were treated with 0 mM NaCl (control) or 150mM NaCl Vertical bars indicate mean ± standard error of three replicates. Means followed by the same letter were not significantly different at P<0.05.

Discussion

In this study, chlorophyll a and b, and total chlorophyll contents decreased remarkably under salinity conditions (Figure 1). This is supported by previous data reported in tomato plants (Al-aghabary et al., 2005) and wheat (Ashraf et al., 2002), where salt stress unfavorably affects chlorophyll content. The decrease in chlorophyll content might be due to the formation of ROS in salinity stress that leads to lipid peroxidation and damages thylakoid membranes (Mittler, 2002). There are no previous studies of alleviative effects of Fara-darmani CF on salt-stressed plants to compare to this study. However, observations in the present study showed that under salinity treatment, Fara-darmani CF ameliorated the adverse effects of salt stress, probably by improving antioxidant systems, scavenging ROS and increasing the chlorophyll a and b contents (Figure 1).

Various abiotic stresses, including salinity, contribute to formation of ROS (Navari-Izzo et al., 1998). Data of this study showed that under salinity conditions there was an increase in H₂O₂ content with Fara-darmani CF treatment, which coincided with an increase in SOD activity (about 220%). SOD coverts superoxide radicals to H₂O₂ and molecular oxygen. It is possible that increasing H₂O₂ could therefore be attributed to Fara-darmani-induced enhancement of SOD activity. This function may have a key role in mitigating oxidative stress. SOD is the first enzyme involved in antioxidative processes (Rubio et al., 2002). Increasing the activity of SOD was observed similarly in the leaves of sugar beet (Bor et al., 2003) and in Lycopersicon (Koca et al., 2006) under salt stress. However, under salinity conditions, Fara-darmani CF decreased POX activity, which decomposes the H₂O₂ produced by SOD. These results suggest that H₂O₂ may take part in the signaling networks. It has been reported that seed pretreatment with H₂O₂ improves salt tolerance of wheat seedlings by alleviation of oxidative damage and expression of stress proteins (Wahid et al., 2007). Additionally, accumulation of H₂O₂ is thought to be a signal for induction of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes (Chen et al., 1993). Kuźniak & Urbanek (2000) reported that H₂O₂ contributes to signal transduction, gene expression and cellular defense under oxidative stress conditions.

In the present study, Fara-darmani CF also induced PPO activity. PPO may play a key role in scavenging H₂O₂ in salt-stressed plant. Agarwal & Pondey (2004) found that in Cassia angustifolia PPO activity increased under salinity stress. The mechanism of action of Fara-darmani CF as an inducer of antioxidant enzymes activity is not clear; therefore, future studies are needed to gain additional insights on biological and biochemical effects of this CF on various plants under biotic and abiotic stresses.

MDA content, which is a product of lipid peroxidation, reflects membrane destruction under oxidative stresses (Hernández & Almensa, 2002). According to Torabi & Niknam (2011), salinity tolerance of Salicornia persica (salt-tolerant species) is associated with lower MDA content compared to S. europaea (salt-sensitive species). Fara-darmani as a CF decreased MDA content under salinity stress. It seems that decreased MDA content is correlated with increased activity of antioxidant enzymes under the influence of Fara-darmani CF and a strategy developed by plant to withstand salt stress.

From these results, it can be concluded that Fara-darmani CF minimizes the negative effects of salt stress in the wheat plant with evidence of increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, increased chlorophyll content and less membrane damage. The main challenge of this study is the fact that Consciousness Field doesn’t possess a quantity and isn’t directly measurable. Therefore, in order to identify its specific effects, we have measured Fara-darmani CF effects indirectly on a plant’s biochemical processes. We suggest that other researchers repeat similar experiment with different plants. It seems that botanical bioassays are suitable for screening the effect of such treatments, and apart from the placebo responses by humans, these assays can be beneficial to save time and resources.

Data availability

Underlying data

Harvard Dataverse: Alleviative Effects of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field on Triticum aestivum L. under Salinity Stress, https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XNMRMV (Torabi, 2020).

This project contains the following underlying data:

Raw data of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, hydrogen peroxide, MDA, POX, PPO, SOD, and total chlorophyll content in control and salinity conditions with and without receiving Fara-darmani consciousness field (separate .tab files).
Charts of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, hydrogen peroxide, MDA, POX, PPO, SOD, and total chlorophyll content in control and salinity condition with and without receiving Fara-darmani consciousness field (separate .docx files).

Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero "No rights reserved" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).

Notes

¹Gaining an announcement: users must register on the COSMOintel Website (free). Once registered, go to the researcher section and fill out the form (the required information is listed below). In order to study at any given time and place, the researchers simply need to introduce the testing center to the guidance center. This means that the exact time of start and finish of the test, the total duration of the test, the number of samples and controls and their contractual name must be specified. It should be noted that registration on the site and also requesting and gaining an announcement is free. We recommend that you contact our center for the definition and selection of the relevant sample in order to obtain a clear and repeatable results (email: researchers@cosmointel.com).

General Condition of Study; Study location; Address; University/center; Research Area: Basic science, Engineering, Medical science, cognitive science, Humanities, others; Sample Name; Number of samples; Control Name; Brief explanation of the experiment; Exact time of research initiation; Exact time of completion of the research

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Noushin Nabavi for revising the English.

Faculty Opinions recommended

References

Abeles FB, Biles CL: Characterization of peroxidases in lignifying peach fruit endocarp. Plant Physiol. 1991; 95(1): 269–273. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text
Agarwal S, Pandey V: Antioxidant enzyme responses to NaCl stress in Cassia angustifolia. Biologia Plantarum. 2004; 48(4): 555–560. Publisher Full Text
Al-aghabary K, Zhu Z, Shi Q: Influence of silicon supply on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidative enzyme activities in tomato plants under salt stress. J Plant Nutr. 2005; 27(12): 2101–2115. Publisher Full Text
Arnon DI: COPPER ENZYMES IN ISOLATED CHLOROPLASTS. POLYPHENOLOXIDASE IN BETA VULGARIS. Plant Physiol. 1949; 24(1): 1. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text
Ashraf M, Karim F, Rasul E: Interactive effects of gibberellic acid (GA₃) and salt stress on growth, ion accumulation and photosynthetic capacity of two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Plant Growth Regulation. 2002; 36(1): 49–59. Publisher Full Text
Ashraf M, Harris P: "Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants." Plant Science. 2004; 166(1): 3–16. Publisher Full Text
Baumgartner SM, Shah D, Heussener P, et al.: Homeopathic dilutions: is there a potential for application in organic plant production? IFOAM (2000)- the world Grows Organic. Reference Source
Betti L, Lazzarato L, Trebbi G, et al.: Effects of homeopathic arsenic on tobacco plant resistance to tobacco mosaic virus: theoretical suggestions about system variability, based on a large experimental data set. Homeopathy. 2003; 92(4): 195–202. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Bor M, Özdemir F, Türkan I: The effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in leaves of sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. and wild beet Beta maritima L. Plant Science. 2003; 164(1): 77–84.Publisher Full Text
Chen Z, Silva H, Klessig DF: Active oxygen species in the induction of plant systemic acquired resistance by salicylic acid. Science. 1993; 262(5141): 1883–1886. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Giannopolitis CN, Ries SK: Superoxide dismutases: I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiol. 1977; 59(2): 309–314. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text
Hernández JA, Almansa MS: Short-term effects of salt stress on antioxidant systems and leaf water relations of pea leaves. Physiol Plant. 2002; 115(2): 251–257. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Hoagland DR, Arnon DI: The Water-Culture Method for Growing Plants Without Soil. Circular 347. Agricultural Experiment Station, University of California, Berkeley. 1950. Reference Source
Jahn RG, Dunne BJ, Jahn EG, et al.: Analytical judging procedure for remote perception experiments. J Parapsychol. 1980; 44: 207–231.
Jahn R, Dunne B, Bradish G, et al.: Mind/machine interaction consortium: PortREG replication experiments. J Sci Explor. 2000; 14: 499–555. Reference Source
Koca H, Ozdemir F, Turkan I: Effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities of Lycopersicon esculentum and L. pennellii. Biologia Plantarum. 2006; 50(4): 745–748. Publisher Full Text
Kuzniak E, Urbanek H: The involvement of hydrogen peroxide in plant responses to stresses. Acta Physiol Plant. 2000; 22(2): 195–203. Publisher Full Text
Mittler R: Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sci. 2002; 7(9): 405–410. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Navari-Izzo F, Hendry G, del Rio l: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Oxygen, Free Radicals and Environmental Stress in Plants, Munksgaardintpublltd 35 norresogade, poBbox 2148, dk-1016 copenhagen, denmark. 1998.
Parida AK, Das AB: Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2005; 60(3): 324–349. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Poonia SR, Virmani SM, Bhmbla DR: Effect of ESP (exchangeable sodium percentage) of soil on the yield, chemical composition and uptake to applied calcium by wheat. J indian Soc Soil Sci. 1972; 20: 183–185.
Radin DI, Nelson RD: Evidence for consciousness-related anomalies in random physical systems. Found Phys. 1989; 19: 1499–1514. Publisher Full Text
Randall JL, Davis CP: Paranormal deformation of nitinol wire: A confirmatory experiment. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research. 1982; 51(792): 368–373.
Raymond J, Rakariyatham N, Azanza J: Purification and some properties of polyphenoloxidase from sunflower seeds. Phytochemistry. 1993; 34(4): 927–931. Publisher Full Text
Rhine JB: “Mind over matter” or the PK effect. J Am Soc Psych Res. 1944; 38: 185–201.
Rubio MC, Gonzalez EM, Minchin FR, et al.: Effects of water stress on antioxidant enzymes of leaves and nodules of transgenic alfalfa over expressing superoxide dismutases. Physiol Plant. 2002; 115(4): 531–540. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Shalata A, Mittova V, Volokita M, et al.: Response of the cultivated tomato and its wild salt-tolerant relative Lycopersiconpennellii to salt-dependent oxidative stress: The root antioxidative system. Physiol Plant. 2001; 112(4): 487–494. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Smirnoff N: Tansley Review No. 52. The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytol. 1993; 125(1): 27–58. Publisher Full Text
Stewart RR, Bewley JD: Lipid peroxidation associated with accelerated aging of soybean axes. Plant Physiology. 1980; 65(2): 245–248. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text
Taheri MA: “Human from another outlook” Interuniversal Press; 2nd Edition (September 26, 2013). ISBN-13: 978-1939507006, ISBN-10: 1939507006 2013.
Torabi S: Alleviative Effects of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field on Triticum aestivum L. under Salinity Stress. Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:C7bIJWJSo6dsQMzfKtpWPQ== [fileUNF] 2020. http://www.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XNMRMV
Torabi S, Niknam V: Effects of iso-osmotic concentrations of NaCl and mannitol on some metabolic activity in calluses of two salicornia species. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant. 2011; 47(6): 734–742. Publisher Full Text
Varvoglis M, Bancel PA: ‘Micro-Psychokinesis’ In: Parapsychology: A Handbook for the 21^st Century, eds E. Cardena, J. Palmer, and D. Marcusson-Clavertz (Jefferson NC: McFarland & Company), 2015; 266–281. Reference Source
Velikova V, Yordanov I, Edreva A: Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants: Protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Sci. 2000; 151(1): 59–66. Publisher Full Text
Wahid A, Perveen M, Gelani S, et al.: Pretreatment of seed with H₂O₂ improves salt tolerance of wheat seedlings by alleviation of oxidative damage and expression of stress proteins. J Plant Physiol. 2007; 164(3): 283–294. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text

Comments on this article Comments (8)

Version 4

VERSION 4 PUBLISHED 23 Jun 2023

Revised

Comment

Version 1

VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 03 Sep 2020

Discussion is closed on this version, please comment on the latest version above.

Author Response 16 Sep 2020

Sara Torabi, Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran

16 Sep 2020

Author Response

Hi Michael

According to theory developed by Taheri who proposed the concept of the consciousness fields (CFs), Fara-darmani CF is neither matter nor energy so we cannot measure it directly but ... Continue reading Hi Michael

According to theory developed by Taheri who proposed the concept of the consciousness fields (CFs), Fara-darmani CF is neither matter nor energy so we cannot measure it directly but it’s possible to investigate its effects indirectly by experiments. In other words, in the light of the scientific experiments, Consciousness fields can be understood. During the past years a wealth of information describing complementary therapy has been obtained but in order to be accepted, academic studies which using a well-structured design are necessary. Since botanical trials do not present neither placebo effect nor ethical problem, we decided to screen the effects of Fara-darmani CF on wheat plant. In addition, we propose a range of tests for CFs in physics, chemistry, biology etc.
Hi Michael

According to theory developed by Taheri who proposed the concept of the consciousness fields (CFs), Fara-darmani CF is neither matter nor energy so we cannot measure it directly but it’s possible to investigate its effects indirectly by experiments. In other words, in the light of the scientific experiments, Consciousness fields can be understood. During the past years a wealth of information describing complementary therapy has been obtained but in order to be accepted, academic studies which using a well-structured design are necessary. Since botanical trials do not present neither placebo effect nor ethical problem, we decided to screen the effects of Fara-darmani CF on wheat plant. In addition, we propose a range of tests for CFs in physics, chemistry, biology etc.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern
Reader Comment 17 Sep 2020

frank sadler, UKISA (independent), London, UK

17 Sep 2020

Reader Comment

It would be exceptionally interesting to see the peer reviews of this paper. If this can be laboratory demonstrated and measured independently under agreed controlled conditions then we have a ... Continue reading It would be exceptionally interesting to see the peer reviews of this paper. If this can be laboratory demonstrated and measured independently under agreed controlled conditions then we have a rather unique potential solution for some of the world's food production issues.
Reading the comments so far, I do note, however, that some commenters forget that science is about pushing out frontiers of knowledge by experiment and proof which is why peer reviews and independent experimentation are key factors. There is also no issue in our day and age in theories being put forward based on individual experimentation and measurement. That is what this is about not individual egos, likes or dislikes of particular people or organisations, or any other particular personal agendas.
It would be exceptionally interesting to see the peer reviews of this paper. If this can be laboratory demonstrated and measured independently under agreed controlled conditions then we have a rather unique potential solution for some of the world's food production issues.
Reading the comments so far, I do note, however, that some commenters forget that science is about pushing out frontiers of knowledge by experiment and proof which is why peer reviews and independent experimentation are key factors. There is also no issue in our day and age in theories being put forward based on individual experimentation and measurement. That is what this is about not individual egos, likes or dislikes of particular people or organisations, or any other particular personal agendas.
Competing Interests: An open mind Close
Report a concern
Reader Comment 16 Sep 2020

Pantea Aghajani, Halque, Canada, Canada

16 Sep 2020

Reader Comment

Hello
I have to say I am so happy that such an article could be here today. I know there would be lots of doubts and thoughts on how nonsense this ... Continue reading Hello
I have to say I am so happy that such an article could be here today. I know there would be lots of doubts and thoughts on how nonsense this article is which is all normal. But the thing is it can be re-experienced over and over again, so hopefully consciousness field will be proven some how from its affecting. Another thing is the terminology which is used here might be different than what people used to. But after the explanation on what does those mean and the tests talks for themselves, there would be no need to explain more.
Thank you Mohammad Ali Taheri our beloved teacher and thank you all for making it happen. I can’t wait to see the results.
Hello
I have to say I am so happy that such an article could be here today. I know there would be lots of doubts and thoughts on how nonsense this article is which is all normal. But the thing is it can be re-experienced over and over again, so hopefully consciousness field will be proven some how from its affecting. Another thing is the terminology which is used here might be different than what people used to. But after the explanation on what does those mean and the tests talks for themselves, there would be no need to explain more.
Thank you Mohammad Ali Taheri our beloved teacher and thank you all for making it happen. I can’t wait to see the results.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern
Reader Comment 14 Sep 2020

F1000 Research, F1000Research, London, UK

14 Sep 2020

Reader Comment

Hi Michael,

We appreciate your interest in our publishing model and welcome your feedback. Our publishing model allows us to publish articles with no prior editorial bias. We strongly believe that ... Continue reading Hi Michael,

We appreciate your interest in our publishing model and welcome your feedback. Our publishing model allows us to publish articles with no prior editorial bias. We strongly believe that the research community is best placed to determine which findings are scientifically valid. In accordance with this belief, F1000Research has no academic editors or editorial board members who make decisions on whether to publish a paper. Before an article is published, we run a number of objective checks to ensure that reviewers are not unduly burdened with peer review invitations. To ensure that editorial censorship is avoided, these prepublication checks are primarily focused around authorship. To publish in F1000Research, authors must have a formal appointment at a recognised institution and hold a certain level of research-based qualification. We feel that it is very important that researchers can share any research findings they wish on F1000Research, without editorial selection.

I hope this comment has been able to provide some clarity about our editorial processes. If you would like any further information on our editorial requirements and peer review model, please feel free to contact a member of our editorial team at research[at]f1000.com.
Hi Michael,

We appreciate your interest in our publishing model and welcome your feedback. Our publishing model allows us to publish articles with no prior editorial bias. We strongly believe that the research community is best placed to determine which findings are scientifically valid. In accordance with this belief, F1000Research has no academic editors or editorial board members who make decisions on whether to publish a paper. Before an article is published, we run a number of objective checks to ensure that reviewers are not unduly burdened with peer review invitations. To ensure that editorial censorship is avoided, these prepublication checks are primarily focused around authorship. To publish in F1000Research, authors must have a formal appointment at a recognised institution and hold a certain level of research-based qualification. We feel that it is very important that researchers can share any research findings they wish on F1000Research, without editorial selection.

I hope this comment has been able to provide some clarity about our editorial processes. If you would like any further information on our editorial requirements and peer review model, please feel free to contact a member of our editorial team at research[at]f1000.com.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern
Reader Comment 11 Sep 2020

m mokhtarian, faradarmangar, Iran

11 Sep 2020

Reader Comment

Greetings to the Master of Love and Knowledge and congratulations to the pioneers in the field of introducing consciousness and awareness. Wish good for human advancement.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed.
Greetings to the Master of Love and Knowledge and congratulations to the pioneers in the field of introducing consciousness and awareness. Wish good for human advancement.
Greetings to the Master of Love and Knowledge and congratulations to the pioneers in the field of introducing consciousness and awareness. Wish good for human advancement.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern
Reader Comment 11 Sep 2020

yaser Beheshti, Interuniversal, I., Iran

11 Sep 2020

Reader Comment

Greetings to the Master of Love and Knowledge and congratulations to the pioneers in the field of introducing consciousness and awareness

Peace be upon the great teacher who taught ... Continue reading Greetings to the Master of Love and Knowledge and congratulations to the pioneers in the field of introducing consciousness and awareness

Peace be upon the great teacher who taught us to think
Greetings to the Master of Love and Knowledge and congratulations to the pioneers in the field of introducing consciousness and awareness

Peace be upon the great teacher who taught us to think
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern
Reader Comment 11 Sep 2020

Vida Majidzadeh, Faradarmanghar, Iran

11 Sep 2020

Reader Comment

Master of Love; Master Mohammad Ali Taheri; sincerely congratulate me. I wish you more and more success.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed.
Master of Love; Master Mohammad Ali Taheri; sincerely congratulate me. I wish you more and more success.
Master of Love; Master Mohammad Ali Taheri; sincerely congratulate me. I wish you more and more success.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern
Reader Comment 11 Sep 2020

Michael Müller, Cosmic Unconsciousness Network, Germany

11 Sep 2020

Reader Comment

I can't even comment on how ridiculous this exercise in absurdity is.

F1000research.com has become a joke by letting this kind of manuscripts slip through its first pre-scanning process. What are ... Continue reading I can't even comment on how ridiculous this exercise in absurdity is.

F1000research.com has become a joke by letting this kind of manuscripts slip through its first pre-scanning process. What are editors doing. Not even skimming through the text once? I doubt that even Arxiv would allow such a shenanigan on its website.

Quotes from text: "by connecting to internet-like facilities called the Cosmic Consciousness Network (CCN)" any living creature, including animals and plants can be healed by humans.

In Fara-darmani, subjects of study become connected to that Consciousness Field via Fara-therapist by ‘announcement’ which is a process in which Taheri or any Fara-therapist (announcer) declares and sends the information of the subjects under study (e.g. the number of groups) to the CCN. The influence of Consciousness Field begins with the connection between the human mind and the CCN.
This exposure occurs without any kind of physical intervention, since consciousness according to Taheri’s concepts is neither matter nor energy, receiving this treatment is possible from close and far distances.
I can't even comment on how ridiculous this exercise in absurdity is.

F1000research.com has become a joke by letting this kind of manuscripts slip through its first pre-scanning process. What are editors doing. Not even skimming through the text once? I doubt that even Arxiv would allow such a shenanigan on its website.

Quotes from text: "by connecting to internet-like facilities called the Cosmic Consciousness Network (CCN)" any living creature, including animals and plants can be healed by humans.

In Fara-darmani, subjects of study become connected to that Consciousness Field via Fara-therapist by ‘announcement’ which is a process in which Taheri or any Fara-therapist (announcer) declares and sends the information of the subjects under study (e.g. the number of groups) to the CCN. The influence of Consciousness Field begins with the connection between the human mind and the CCN.
This exposure occurs without any kind of physical intervention, since consciousness according to Taheri’s concepts is neither matter nor energy, receiving this treatment is possible from close and far distances.
Competing Interests: I have to confess that I have bias toward science and logic. Close
Report a concern
Discussion is closed on this version, please comment on the latest version above.

Author details Author details

Sara Torabi
Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Software, Writing – Original Draft Preparation

Mohammad Ali Taheri
Roles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization

Farid Semsarha
Roles: Writing – Review & Editing

Competing interests

Mohammad Ali Taher is the innovator of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field used as the main method of the present study. His contribution to the study was general supervision over the start and end of the Fara-darmani CF treatment in the study.

Grant information

The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work.

Article Versions (4)

version 4

Revised

Published: 23 Jun 2023, 9:1089

https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25247.4

version 3

Revised

Published: 17 Mar 2021, 9:1089

https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25247.3

version 2

Revised

Published: 02 Dec 2020, 9:1089

https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25247.2

version 1

Published: 03 Sep 2020, 9:1089

https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25247.1

© 2020 Torabi S et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Download

Export To

metrics

	Views	Downloads
F1000Research	-	-
PubMed Central Data from PMC are received and updated monthly.	-	-

Citations

SEE MORE DETAILS

CITE

how to cite this article

Torabi S, Taheri MA and Semsarha F. Alleviative effects of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field on Triticum aestivum L. under salinity stress [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2020, 9:1089 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25247.1)

NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article.

track

receive updates on this article

Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article.

Open Peer Review

Version 1

VERSION 1

PUBLISHED 03 Sep 2020

Views

Reviewer Report 19 Nov 2020

Halimeh Hassanpour, Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran

Approved with Reservations

https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.27861.r73503

This research investigated effect of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field on alleviation of salt stress. It has some interests for the readers and me. Fara-darmani Consciousness Field increased antioxidant systems in plants against stress. But There are some questions about this art, and need to answer by authors:

Why did the authors select just 0 and 150 mM Nacl for this research?

The intensity or wavelength are not clear, and isn’t the device regulates for intensity or wave?

How Fara-darmani Consciousness Field affect the cell, how is perceived by the cell, what is the effect on organisms? The discussion needs to improve.

If there isn’t any research about Fara-darmani Consciousness Field, the author can use some article for the discussion:

Impact of the Static Magnetic Field on Growth, Pigments, Osmolytes, Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen Sulfide Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity, Antioxidant Defense System, and Yield in Lettuce.¹
Establishment and assessment of cell suspension cultures of Matricaria chamomilla as a possible source of apigenin under static magnetic field.²

Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature?

Partly
Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound?

No
Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others?

No
If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate?

Yes
Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility?

Yes
Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results?

Partly

References

1. Hassanpour H, Niknam V: Establishment and assessment of cell suspension cultures of Matricaria chamomilla as a possible source of apigenin under static magnetic field. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC). 2020; 142 (3): 583-593 Publisher Full Text
2. Abdel Latef AAH, Dawood MFA, Hassanpour H, Rezayian M, et al.: Impact of the Static Magnetic Field on Growth, Pigments, Osmolytes, Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity, Antioxidant Defense System, and Yield in Lettuce.Biology (Basel). 2020; 9 (7). PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text

Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above.

CITE

Report a concern

Author Response 02 Dec 2020

Sara Torabi, Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran

02 Dec 2020

Author Response

Dear Dr. Hassanpour

Thank you very much for your kind words about our paper. In the following sections, you will find our responses to each point and suggestions. we ... Continue reading Dear Dr. Hassanpour

Thank you very much for your kind words about our paper. In the following sections, you will find our responses to each point and suggestions. we have carefully reviewed the comments and have revised the manuscript accordingly.

Why did the authors select just 0 and 150 mM Nacl for this research?
In the past, various investigations have been made into salinity stresses and attempt to minimize the losses of plant productivity, such as the effects of Coumarin (Saleh and Madany, 2015), Ascorbic acid (Athar et al, 2008, Azzedin et al, 2011, Khan et al, 2006), Oligochitosan (Ma, et al, 2012), Melatonin (Ke, et al, 2018), etc. on the wheat plant. Therefore, based on previous investigations, we screened ameliorative effects of Fara-darmani CF with two similar concentrations of NaCl including 0 and 150 mM. We suggest that the effects of the Fara-darmani CF be investigated with different NaCl concentrations and with different types of plants.
Ahmed Mahmoud Saleh, M.M.Y. Madany. Coumarin pretreatment alleviates salinity stress in wheat seedlings, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 88, 2015, Pages 27-35, ISSN 0981-9428, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.01.005.
Habib-ur-Rehman Athar, Ameer Khan, Muhammad Ashraf, Exogenously applied ascorbic acid alleviates salt-induced oxidative stress in wheat, Environmental and Experimental Botany, Volume 63, Issues 1–3, 2008, Pages 224-231, ISSN 0098-8472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.10.018
Azzedine, F, Gherroucha, H, Baka, M. Improvement of salt tolerance in Durum Wheat by Ascorbic acid application. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, Vol. 7, 2011, No. 1, pp. 27-37 ISSN 1997-0838
Khan A, Ahmad MSA, Athar HUR, Ashraf M. Interactive effect of foliarly applied ascorbic acid and salt stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the seedling stage. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2006 Dec;38(5):1407-1414.
Ma, L., Li, Y., Yu, C. et al. Alleviation of exogenous oligochitosan on wheat seedlings growth under salt stress. Protoplasma 249, 393–399 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-011-0290-5
Ke Qingbo, Ye Jun, Wang Bomei, Ren Jianhong, Yin Lina, Deng Xiping, Wang Shiwen. Melatonin Mitigates Salt Stress in Wheat Seedlings by Modulating Polyamine Metabolism, Frontiers in Plant Science, VOLUME 9, 2018, PAGES 914. ISSN 1664-462X. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00914.

The intensity or wavelength are not clear, and isn’t the device regulates for intensity or wave?
As it was mentioned in the introduction section (paragraph 4, lines 5), according to Taheri, consciousness is one of the three existing elements of the universe apart from matter and energy. By defining consciousness as neither matter nor energy we cannot associate a quantity to it. Therefore, we cannot register it by any device and must be mediated by human mind.

How Fara-darmani Consciousness Field affect the cell, how is perceived by the cell, what is the effect on organisms? The discussion needs to improve.
As stated in the last paragraph, the main challenge of this study is the fact that Consciousness Field doesn’t possess a quantity and isn’t directly measurable. Therefore, in order to identify its specific effects, we have measured Fara-darmani CF effects indirectly on a plant’s biochemical processes. At this point, more biochemical and histological studies can collaborate to clarify this phenomenon. In addition, more explanation was added in the discussion section (paragraph 2).

If there isn’t any research about Fara-darmani Consciousness Field, the author can use some article for the discussion:
Thank you for this suggestion. We have put a significant effort in improving the discussion section and these two references were added to the paragraph 1 and 2. In addition, we improved the discussion with more references.
Dear Dr. Hassanpour

Thank you very much for your kind words about our paper. In the following sections, you will find our responses to each point and suggestions. we have carefully reviewed the comments and have revised the manuscript accordingly.

Why did the authors select just 0 and 150 mM Nacl for this research?
In the past, various investigations have been made into salinity stresses and attempt to minimize the losses of plant productivity, such as the effects of Coumarin (Saleh and Madany, 2015), Ascorbic acid (Athar et al, 2008, Azzedin et al, 2011, Khan et al, 2006), Oligochitosan (Ma, et al, 2012), Melatonin (Ke, et al, 2018), etc. on the wheat plant. Therefore, based on previous investigations, we screened ameliorative effects of Fara-darmani CF with two similar concentrations of NaCl including 0 and 150 mM. We suggest that the effects of the Fara-darmani CF be investigated with different NaCl concentrations and with different types of plants.
Ahmed Mahmoud Saleh, M.M.Y. Madany. Coumarin pretreatment alleviates salinity stress in wheat seedlings, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 88, 2015, Pages 27-35, ISSN 0981-9428, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.01.005.
Habib-ur-Rehman Athar, Ameer Khan, Muhammad Ashraf, Exogenously applied ascorbic acid alleviates salt-induced oxidative stress in wheat, Environmental and Experimental Botany, Volume 63, Issues 1–3, 2008, Pages 224-231, ISSN 0098-8472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.10.018
Azzedine, F, Gherroucha, H, Baka, M. Improvement of salt tolerance in Durum Wheat by Ascorbic acid application. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, Vol. 7, 2011, No. 1, pp. 27-37 ISSN 1997-0838
Khan A, Ahmad MSA, Athar HUR, Ashraf M. Interactive effect of foliarly applied ascorbic acid and salt stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the seedling stage. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2006 Dec;38(5):1407-1414.
Ma, L., Li, Y., Yu, C. et al. Alleviation of exogenous oligochitosan on wheat seedlings growth under salt stress. Protoplasma 249, 393–399 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-011-0290-5
Ke Qingbo, Ye Jun, Wang Bomei, Ren Jianhong, Yin Lina, Deng Xiping, Wang Shiwen. Melatonin Mitigates Salt Stress in Wheat Seedlings by Modulating Polyamine Metabolism, Frontiers in Plant Science, VOLUME 9, 2018, PAGES 914. ISSN 1664-462X. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00914.

The intensity or wavelength are not clear, and isn’t the device regulates for intensity or wave?
As it was mentioned in the introduction section (paragraph 4, lines 5), according to Taheri, consciousness is one of the three existing elements of the universe apart from matter and energy. By defining consciousness as neither matter nor energy we cannot associate a quantity to it. Therefore, we cannot register it by any device and must be mediated by human mind.

How Fara-darmani Consciousness Field affect the cell, how is perceived by the cell, what is the effect on organisms? The discussion needs to improve.
As stated in the last paragraph, the main challenge of this study is the fact that Consciousness Field doesn’t possess a quantity and isn’t directly measurable. Therefore, in order to identify its specific effects, we have measured Fara-darmani CF effects indirectly on a plant’s biochemical processes. At this point, more biochemical and histological studies can collaborate to clarify this phenomenon. In addition, more explanation was added in the discussion section (paragraph 2).

If there isn’t any research about Fara-darmani Consciousness Field, the author can use some article for the discussion:
Thank you for this suggestion. We have put a significant effort in improving the discussion section and these two references were added to the paragraph 1 and 2. In addition, we improved the discussion with more references.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern
Respond or Comment

COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT

Author Response 02 Dec 2020

Sara Torabi, Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran

02 Dec 2020

Author Response

Dear Dr. Hassanpour

Thank you very much for your kind words about our paper. In the following sections, you will find our responses to each point and suggestions. we ... Continue reading Dear Dr. Hassanpour

Thank you very much for your kind words about our paper. In the following sections, you will find our responses to each point and suggestions. we have carefully reviewed the comments and have revised the manuscript accordingly.

Why did the authors select just 0 and 150 mM Nacl for this research?
In the past, various investigations have been made into salinity stresses and attempt to minimize the losses of plant productivity, such as the effects of Coumarin (Saleh and Madany, 2015), Ascorbic acid (Athar et al, 2008, Azzedin et al, 2011, Khan et al, 2006), Oligochitosan (Ma, et al, 2012), Melatonin (Ke, et al, 2018), etc. on the wheat plant. Therefore, based on previous investigations, we screened ameliorative effects of Fara-darmani CF with two similar concentrations of NaCl including 0 and 150 mM. We suggest that the effects of the Fara-darmani CF be investigated with different NaCl concentrations and with different types of plants.
Ahmed Mahmoud Saleh, M.M.Y. Madany. Coumarin pretreatment alleviates salinity stress in wheat seedlings, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 88, 2015, Pages 27-35, ISSN 0981-9428, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.01.005.
Habib-ur-Rehman Athar, Ameer Khan, Muhammad Ashraf, Exogenously applied ascorbic acid alleviates salt-induced oxidative stress in wheat, Environmental and Experimental Botany, Volume 63, Issues 1–3, 2008, Pages 224-231, ISSN 0098-8472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.10.018
Azzedine, F, Gherroucha, H, Baka, M. Improvement of salt tolerance in Durum Wheat by Ascorbic acid application. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, Vol. 7, 2011, No. 1, pp. 27-37 ISSN 1997-0838
Khan A, Ahmad MSA, Athar HUR, Ashraf M. Interactive effect of foliarly applied ascorbic acid and salt stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the seedling stage. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2006 Dec;38(5):1407-1414.
Ma, L., Li, Y., Yu, C. et al. Alleviation of exogenous oligochitosan on wheat seedlings growth under salt stress. Protoplasma 249, 393–399 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-011-0290-5
Ke Qingbo, Ye Jun, Wang Bomei, Ren Jianhong, Yin Lina, Deng Xiping, Wang Shiwen. Melatonin Mitigates Salt Stress in Wheat Seedlings by Modulating Polyamine Metabolism, Frontiers in Plant Science, VOLUME 9, 2018, PAGES 914. ISSN 1664-462X. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00914.

The intensity or wavelength are not clear, and isn’t the device regulates for intensity or wave?
As it was mentioned in the introduction section (paragraph 4, lines 5), according to Taheri, consciousness is one of the three existing elements of the universe apart from matter and energy. By defining consciousness as neither matter nor energy we cannot associate a quantity to it. Therefore, we cannot register it by any device and must be mediated by human mind.

How Fara-darmani Consciousness Field affect the cell, how is perceived by the cell, what is the effect on organisms? The discussion needs to improve.
As stated in the last paragraph, the main challenge of this study is the fact that Consciousness Field doesn’t possess a quantity and isn’t directly measurable. Therefore, in order to identify its specific effects, we have measured Fara-darmani CF effects indirectly on a plant’s biochemical processes. At this point, more biochemical and histological studies can collaborate to clarify this phenomenon. In addition, more explanation was added in the discussion section (paragraph 2).

If there isn’t any research about Fara-darmani Consciousness Field, the author can use some article for the discussion:
Thank you for this suggestion. We have put a significant effort in improving the discussion section and these two references were added to the paragraph 1 and 2. In addition, we improved the discussion with more references.
Dear Dr. Hassanpour

Thank you very much for your kind words about our paper. In the following sections, you will find our responses to each point and suggestions. we have carefully reviewed the comments and have revised the manuscript accordingly.

Why did the authors select just 0 and 150 mM Nacl for this research?
In the past, various investigations have been made into salinity stresses and attempt to minimize the losses of plant productivity, such as the effects of Coumarin (Saleh and Madany, 2015), Ascorbic acid (Athar et al, 2008, Azzedin et al, 2011, Khan et al, 2006), Oligochitosan (Ma, et al, 2012), Melatonin (Ke, et al, 2018), etc. on the wheat plant. Therefore, based on previous investigations, we screened ameliorative effects of Fara-darmani CF with two similar concentrations of NaCl including 0 and 150 mM. We suggest that the effects of the Fara-darmani CF be investigated with different NaCl concentrations and with different types of plants.
Ahmed Mahmoud Saleh, M.M.Y. Madany. Coumarin pretreatment alleviates salinity stress in wheat seedlings, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 88, 2015, Pages 27-35, ISSN 0981-9428, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.01.005.
Habib-ur-Rehman Athar, Ameer Khan, Muhammad Ashraf, Exogenously applied ascorbic acid alleviates salt-induced oxidative stress in wheat, Environmental and Experimental Botany, Volume 63, Issues 1–3, 2008, Pages 224-231, ISSN 0098-8472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.10.018
Azzedine, F, Gherroucha, H, Baka, M. Improvement of salt tolerance in Durum Wheat by Ascorbic acid application. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, Vol. 7, 2011, No. 1, pp. 27-37 ISSN 1997-0838
Khan A, Ahmad MSA, Athar HUR, Ashraf M. Interactive effect of foliarly applied ascorbic acid and salt stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the seedling stage. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2006 Dec;38(5):1407-1414.
Ma, L., Li, Y., Yu, C. et al. Alleviation of exogenous oligochitosan on wheat seedlings growth under salt stress. Protoplasma 249, 393–399 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-011-0290-5
Ke Qingbo, Ye Jun, Wang Bomei, Ren Jianhong, Yin Lina, Deng Xiping, Wang Shiwen. Melatonin Mitigates Salt Stress in Wheat Seedlings by Modulating Polyamine Metabolism, Frontiers in Plant Science, VOLUME 9, 2018, PAGES 914. ISSN 1664-462X. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00914.

The intensity or wavelength are not clear, and isn’t the device regulates for intensity or wave?
As it was mentioned in the introduction section (paragraph 4, lines 5), according to Taheri, consciousness is one of the three existing elements of the universe apart from matter and energy. By defining consciousness as neither matter nor energy we cannot associate a quantity to it. Therefore, we cannot register it by any device and must be mediated by human mind.

How Fara-darmani Consciousness Field affect the cell, how is perceived by the cell, what is the effect on organisms? The discussion needs to improve.
As stated in the last paragraph, the main challenge of this study is the fact that Consciousness Field doesn’t possess a quantity and isn’t directly measurable. Therefore, in order to identify its specific effects, we have measured Fara-darmani CF effects indirectly on a plant’s biochemical processes. At this point, more biochemical and histological studies can collaborate to clarify this phenomenon. In addition, more explanation was added in the discussion section (paragraph 2).

If there isn’t any research about Fara-darmani Consciousness Field, the author can use some article for the discussion:
Thank you for this suggestion. We have put a significant effort in improving the discussion section and these two references were added to the paragraph 1 and 2. In addition, we improved the discussion with more references.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern

Comments on this article Comments (8)

Version 4

VERSION 4 PUBLISHED 23 Jun 2023

Revised

Comment

Version 1

VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 03 Sep 2020

Discussion is closed on this version, please comment on the latest version above.

Author Response 16 Sep 2020

Sara Torabi, Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran

16 Sep 2020

Author Response

Hi Michael

According to theory developed by Taheri who proposed the concept of the consciousness fields (CFs), Fara-darmani CF is neither matter nor energy so we cannot measure it directly but ... Continue reading Hi Michael

According to theory developed by Taheri who proposed the concept of the consciousness fields (CFs), Fara-darmani CF is neither matter nor energy so we cannot measure it directly but it’s possible to investigate its effects indirectly by experiments. In other words, in the light of the scientific experiments, Consciousness fields can be understood. During the past years a wealth of information describing complementary therapy has been obtained but in order to be accepted, academic studies which using a well-structured design are necessary. Since botanical trials do not present neither placebo effect nor ethical problem, we decided to screen the effects of Fara-darmani CF on wheat plant. In addition, we propose a range of tests for CFs in physics, chemistry, biology etc.
Hi Michael

According to theory developed by Taheri who proposed the concept of the consciousness fields (CFs), Fara-darmani CF is neither matter nor energy so we cannot measure it directly but it’s possible to investigate its effects indirectly by experiments. In other words, in the light of the scientific experiments, Consciousness fields can be understood. During the past years a wealth of information describing complementary therapy has been obtained but in order to be accepted, academic studies which using a well-structured design are necessary. Since botanical trials do not present neither placebo effect nor ethical problem, we decided to screen the effects of Fara-darmani CF on wheat plant. In addition, we propose a range of tests for CFs in physics, chemistry, biology etc.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern
Reader Comment 17 Sep 2020

frank sadler, UKISA (independent), London, UK

17 Sep 2020

Reader Comment

It would be exceptionally interesting to see the peer reviews of this paper. If this can be laboratory demonstrated and measured independently under agreed controlled conditions then we have a ... Continue reading It would be exceptionally interesting to see the peer reviews of this paper. If this can be laboratory demonstrated and measured independently under agreed controlled conditions then we have a rather unique potential solution for some of the world's food production issues.
Reading the comments so far, I do note, however, that some commenters forget that science is about pushing out frontiers of knowledge by experiment and proof which is why peer reviews and independent experimentation are key factors. There is also no issue in our day and age in theories being put forward based on individual experimentation and measurement. That is what this is about not individual egos, likes or dislikes of particular people or organisations, or any other particular personal agendas.
It would be exceptionally interesting to see the peer reviews of this paper. If this can be laboratory demonstrated and measured independently under agreed controlled conditions then we have a rather unique potential solution for some of the world's food production issues.
Reading the comments so far, I do note, however, that some commenters forget that science is about pushing out frontiers of knowledge by experiment and proof which is why peer reviews and independent experimentation are key factors. There is also no issue in our day and age in theories being put forward based on individual experimentation and measurement. That is what this is about not individual egos, likes or dislikes of particular people or organisations, or any other particular personal agendas.
Competing Interests: An open mind Close
Report a concern
Reader Comment 16 Sep 2020

Pantea Aghajani, Halque, Canada, Canada

16 Sep 2020

Reader Comment

Hello
I have to say I am so happy that such an article could be here today. I know there would be lots of doubts and thoughts on how nonsense this ... Continue reading Hello
I have to say I am so happy that such an article could be here today. I know there would be lots of doubts and thoughts on how nonsense this article is which is all normal. But the thing is it can be re-experienced over and over again, so hopefully consciousness field will be proven some how from its affecting. Another thing is the terminology which is used here might be different than what people used to. But after the explanation on what does those mean and the tests talks for themselves, there would be no need to explain more.
Thank you Mohammad Ali Taheri our beloved teacher and thank you all for making it happen. I can’t wait to see the results.
Hello
I have to say I am so happy that such an article could be here today. I know there would be lots of doubts and thoughts on how nonsense this article is which is all normal. But the thing is it can be re-experienced over and over again, so hopefully consciousness field will be proven some how from its affecting. Another thing is the terminology which is used here might be different than what people used to. But after the explanation on what does those mean and the tests talks for themselves, there would be no need to explain more.
Thank you Mohammad Ali Taheri our beloved teacher and thank you all for making it happen. I can’t wait to see the results.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern
Reader Comment 14 Sep 2020

F1000 Research, F1000Research, London, UK

14 Sep 2020

Reader Comment

Hi Michael,

We appreciate your interest in our publishing model and welcome your feedback. Our publishing model allows us to publish articles with no prior editorial bias. We strongly believe that ... Continue reading Hi Michael,

We appreciate your interest in our publishing model and welcome your feedback. Our publishing model allows us to publish articles with no prior editorial bias. We strongly believe that the research community is best placed to determine which findings are scientifically valid. In accordance with this belief, F1000Research has no academic editors or editorial board members who make decisions on whether to publish a paper. Before an article is published, we run a number of objective checks to ensure that reviewers are not unduly burdened with peer review invitations. To ensure that editorial censorship is avoided, these prepublication checks are primarily focused around authorship. To publish in F1000Research, authors must have a formal appointment at a recognised institution and hold a certain level of research-based qualification. We feel that it is very important that researchers can share any research findings they wish on F1000Research, without editorial selection.

I hope this comment has been able to provide some clarity about our editorial processes. If you would like any further information on our editorial requirements and peer review model, please feel free to contact a member of our editorial team at research[at]f1000.com.
Hi Michael,

We appreciate your interest in our publishing model and welcome your feedback. Our publishing model allows us to publish articles with no prior editorial bias. We strongly believe that the research community is best placed to determine which findings are scientifically valid. In accordance with this belief, F1000Research has no academic editors or editorial board members who make decisions on whether to publish a paper. Before an article is published, we run a number of objective checks to ensure that reviewers are not unduly burdened with peer review invitations. To ensure that editorial censorship is avoided, these prepublication checks are primarily focused around authorship. To publish in F1000Research, authors must have a formal appointment at a recognised institution and hold a certain level of research-based qualification. We feel that it is very important that researchers can share any research findings they wish on F1000Research, without editorial selection.

I hope this comment has been able to provide some clarity about our editorial processes. If you would like any further information on our editorial requirements and peer review model, please feel free to contact a member of our editorial team at research[at]f1000.com.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern
Reader Comment 11 Sep 2020

m mokhtarian, faradarmangar, Iran

11 Sep 2020

Reader Comment

Greetings to the Master of Love and Knowledge and congratulations to the pioneers in the field of introducing consciousness and awareness. Wish good for human advancement.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed.
Greetings to the Master of Love and Knowledge and congratulations to the pioneers in the field of introducing consciousness and awareness. Wish good for human advancement.
Greetings to the Master of Love and Knowledge and congratulations to the pioneers in the field of introducing consciousness and awareness. Wish good for human advancement.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern
Reader Comment 11 Sep 2020

yaser Beheshti, Interuniversal, I., Iran

11 Sep 2020

Reader Comment

Greetings to the Master of Love and Knowledge and congratulations to the pioneers in the field of introducing consciousness and awareness

Peace be upon the great teacher who taught ... Continue reading Greetings to the Master of Love and Knowledge and congratulations to the pioneers in the field of introducing consciousness and awareness

Peace be upon the great teacher who taught us to think
Greetings to the Master of Love and Knowledge and congratulations to the pioneers in the field of introducing consciousness and awareness

Peace be upon the great teacher who taught us to think
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern
Reader Comment 11 Sep 2020

Vida Majidzadeh, Faradarmanghar, Iran

11 Sep 2020

Reader Comment

Master of Love; Master Mohammad Ali Taheri; sincerely congratulate me. I wish you more and more success.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed.
Master of Love; Master Mohammad Ali Taheri; sincerely congratulate me. I wish you more and more success.
Master of Love; Master Mohammad Ali Taheri; sincerely congratulate me. I wish you more and more success.
Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close
Report a concern
Reader Comment 11 Sep 2020

Michael Müller, Cosmic Unconsciousness Network, Germany

11 Sep 2020

Reader Comment

I can't even comment on how ridiculous this exercise in absurdity is.

F1000research.com has become a joke by letting this kind of manuscripts slip through its first pre-scanning process. What are ... Continue reading I can't even comment on how ridiculous this exercise in absurdity is.

F1000research.com has become a joke by letting this kind of manuscripts slip through its first pre-scanning process. What are editors doing. Not even skimming through the text once? I doubt that even Arxiv would allow such a shenanigan on its website.

Quotes from text: "by connecting to internet-like facilities called the Cosmic Consciousness Network (CCN)" any living creature, including animals and plants can be healed by humans.

In Fara-darmani, subjects of study become connected to that Consciousness Field via Fara-therapist by ‘announcement’ which is a process in which Taheri or any Fara-therapist (announcer) declares and sends the information of the subjects under study (e.g. the number of groups) to the CCN. The influence of Consciousness Field begins with the connection between the human mind and the CCN.
This exposure occurs without any kind of physical intervention, since consciousness according to Taheri’s concepts is neither matter nor energy, receiving this treatment is possible from close and far distances.
I can't even comment on how ridiculous this exercise in absurdity is.

F1000research.com has become a joke by letting this kind of manuscripts slip through its first pre-scanning process. What are editors doing. Not even skimming through the text once? I doubt that even Arxiv would allow such a shenanigan on its website.

Quotes from text: "by connecting to internet-like facilities called the Cosmic Consciousness Network (CCN)" any living creature, including animals and plants can be healed by humans.

In Fara-darmani, subjects of study become connected to that Consciousness Field via Fara-therapist by ‘announcement’ which is a process in which Taheri or any Fara-therapist (announcer) declares and sends the information of the subjects under study (e.g. the number of groups) to the CCN. The influence of Consciousness Field begins with the connection between the human mind and the CCN.
This exposure occurs without any kind of physical intervention, since consciousness according to Taheri’s concepts is neither matter nor energy, receiving this treatment is possible from close and far distances.
Competing Interests: I have to confess that I have bias toward science and logic. Close
Report a concern
Discussion is closed on this version, please comment on the latest version above.

Open Peer Review

Reviewer Status

Reviewer Reports

	Invited Reviewers
	1	2
Version 4 (revision) 23 Jun 23		read
Version 3 (revision) 17 Mar 21		read
Version 2 (revision) 02 Dec 20	read
Version 1 03 Sep 20	read

Halimeh Hassanpour, Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran
František Hnilička, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

Comments on this article

All Comments(8)

Add a comment

Browse by related subjects

Back to all reports

Reviewer Report

16 Views

27 Jun 2023 | for Version 4

František Hnilička, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

16 Views Cite this report Responses(0)

Approved

The authors submitted a modified manuscript according to the reviews of the reviewers. I studied the new version of the manuscript and compared it with the previous version, where I mainly focused on the questions and comments mentioned in my review. Based on the study of the mentioned manuscript, I have to state that the notes and comments were accepted and thus improved the quality of the submitted manuscript. Therefore, I believe that the manuscript is now suitable for indexing.

Competing Interests

No competing interests were disclosed.

Reviewer Expertise

Plant Physiology, primary metabolism, plants stress physiology

I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard.

Respond to this report

Responses (0)

Back to all reports

Reviewer Report

31 Views

09 Jun 2023 | for Version 3

František Hnilička, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

31 Views Cite this report Responses(1)

Approved With Reservations

The submitted manuscript deals with a very interesting topic with regard to the effect of salinity on plants. The use of anti-stress substances is in the forefront of applied and theoretical research. The handwriting is interesting. It is a pity that older literature is cited very often and newer sources are missing. I would add the developmental stages of plants to the methodology. What part of the plant were the leaves taken from? Were they photosynthetically mature leaves? The results are relatively well described. The discussion is rather descriptive.

Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature?

No
Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound?

Partly
Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others?

Partly
If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate?

Yes
Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility?

Yes
Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results?

Yes

Competing Interests

No competing interests were disclosed.

Reviewer Expertise

Plant Physiology, primary metabolism, plants stress physiology

Respond to this report

Responses (1)

Author Response

27 Jun 2023

Sara Torabi, Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran

Dear Dr. Hnilička,
I would like to sincerely express my gratitude for your invaluable comments on this article. Your insightful feedback and suggestions have significantly improved the quality of the manuscript, and I have carefully considered all of your suggestions and have made the necessary revisions accordingly.
It is a pity that older literature is cited very often and newer sources are missing.
In the revised version, I have incorporated new relevant literatures. By including these additional references, the manuscript now presents a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on plant behavior under salinity stress.
I would add the developmental stages of plants to the methodology. What part of the plant were the leaves taken from? Were they photosynthetically mature leaves?
Thank you for your points.
With respect to the honorable reviewer, as we explained in the manuscript, some biochemical parameters such as photosynthetic pigments, enzyme activities, etc. were assessed during the seedling stage, and the timing of leaf harvesting was determined based on prior research on wheat plants (on 30 to 40-day-old) under abiotic stresses (Ahmadi et al., 2018; Athar et al., 2006). Accordingly, the material and methods section has been enhanced by specifying that after three weeks of growing under salinity stress, four mature leaf tissues were picked per replicate for future analyses. Sampling was performed on the uniform and fully expanded leaves from each experimental group (Page 5, line 109). Despite the seedlings being in the early stage of growth, their fully expanded leaves qualified as photosynthetic samples for evaluation (Pour-Aboughadareh et al., 2019; Shafi et al., 2009).

Ahmadi, J., Pour-Aboughadareh, A., Ourang, S. F., Mehrabi, A. A., & Siddique, K. H. (2018). Wild relatives of wheat: Aegilops–Triticum accessions disclose differential antioxidative and physiological responses to water stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 40, 1-14.
Athar, R. E. H. M. A. N., & Ashraf, M. U. H. A. M. M. A. D. (2006). Interactive effect of foliarly applied ascorbic acid and salt stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the seedling stage. Pak. J. Bot, 38(5), 1407-1414.
Pour-Aboughadareh, A., Omidi, M., Naghavi, M. R., Etminan, A., Mehrabi, A. A., Poczai, P., & Bayat, H. (2019). Effect of water deficit stress on seedling biomass and physio-chemical characteristics in different species of wheat possessing the D genome. Agronomy, 9(9), 522.
Shafi, M., Bakht, J., Hassan, M. J., Raziuddin, M., & Zhang, G. (2009). Effect of cadmium and salinity stresses on growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 82, 772-776.

The results are relatively well described. The discussion is rather descriptive.
Thanks for your kind words about the results section. Regarding the discussion section, we have taken several steps to address this concern and enhance the depth of our manuscript. Firstly, we have included additional sentences (Page 8, line 238 and 254) and new references to support the observed results. Moreover, new approaches that are relevant to the field of the current study have been discussed. These paragraphs may provide a well-rounded perspective about the topic of study (Page 9, line 282).

Thank you once again for bringing these issues to my attention and providing guidance on how to improve this article. I hope that the updated version meets your expectations.

View more View less

Competing Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Back to all reports

Reviewer Report

43 Views

14 Jan 2021 | for Version 2

Halimeh Hassanpour, Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran

43 Views Cite this report Responses(0)

Approved

All comments were done in the text, and the art is confirmed for indexing in the journal.

Competing Interests

No competing interests were disclosed.

I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard.

Respond to this report

Responses (0)

Back to all reports

Reviewer Report

80 Views

19 Nov 2020 | for Version 1

Halimeh Hassanpour, Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran

80 Views Cite this report Responses(1)

Approved With Reservations

Impact of the Static Magnetic Field on Growth, Pigments, Osmolytes, Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen Sulfide Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity, Antioxidant Defense System, and Yield in Lettuce.¹
Establishment and assessment of cell suspension cultures of Matricaria chamomilla as a possible source of apigenin under static magnetic field.²

Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature?

Partly
Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound?

No
Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others?

No
If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate?

Yes
Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility?

Yes
Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results?

Partly

References

Competing Interests

No competing interests were disclosed.

Respond to this report

Responses (1)

Author Response

02 Dec 2020

Sara Torabi, Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran

Dear Dr. Hassanpour

Thank you very much for your kind words about our paper. In the following sections, you will find our responses to each point and suggestions. we have carefully reviewed the comments and have revised the manuscript accordingly.

Why did the authors select just 0 and 150 mM Nacl for this research?
In the past, various investigations have been made into salinity stresses and attempt to minimize the losses of plant productivity, such as the effects of Coumarin (Saleh and Madany, 2015), Ascorbic acid (Athar et al, 2008, Azzedin et al, 2011, Khan et al, 2006), Oligochitosan (Ma, et al, 2012), Melatonin (Ke, et al, 2018), etc. on the wheat plant. Therefore, based on previous investigations, we screened ameliorative effects of Fara-darmani CF with two similar concentrations of NaCl including 0 and 150 mM. We suggest that the effects of the Fara-darmani CF be investigated with different NaCl concentrations and with different types of plants.
Ahmed Mahmoud Saleh, M.M.Y. Madany. Coumarin pretreatment alleviates salinity stress in wheat seedlings, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 88, 2015, Pages 27-35, ISSN 0981-9428, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.01.005.
Habib-ur-Rehman Athar, Ameer Khan, Muhammad Ashraf, Exogenously applied ascorbic acid alleviates salt-induced oxidative stress in wheat, Environmental and Experimental Botany, Volume 63, Issues 1–3, 2008, Pages 224-231, ISSN 0098-8472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.10.018
Azzedine, F, Gherroucha, H, Baka, M. Improvement of salt tolerance in Durum Wheat by Ascorbic acid application. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, Vol. 7, 2011, No. 1, pp. 27-37 ISSN 1997-0838
Khan A, Ahmad MSA, Athar HUR, Ashraf M. Interactive effect of foliarly applied ascorbic acid and salt stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the seedling stage. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2006 Dec;38(5):1407-1414.
Ma, L., Li, Y., Yu, C. et al. Alleviation of exogenous oligochitosan on wheat seedlings growth under salt stress. Protoplasma 249, 393–399 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-011-0290-5
Ke Qingbo, Ye Jun, Wang Bomei, Ren Jianhong, Yin Lina, Deng Xiping, Wang Shiwen. Melatonin Mitigates Salt Stress in Wheat Seedlings by Modulating Polyamine Metabolism, Frontiers in Plant Science, VOLUME 9, 2018, PAGES 914. ISSN 1664-462X. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00914.

The intensity or wavelength are not clear, and isn’t the device regulates for intensity or wave?
As it was mentioned in the introduction section (paragraph 4, lines 5), according to Taheri, consciousness is one of the three existing elements of the universe apart from matter and energy. By defining consciousness as neither matter nor energy we cannot associate a quantity to it. Therefore, we cannot register it by any device and must be mediated by human mind.

How Fara-darmani Consciousness Field affect the cell, how is perceived by the cell, what is the effect on organisms? The discussion needs to improve.
As stated in the last paragraph, the main challenge of this study is the fact that Consciousness Field doesn’t possess a quantity and isn’t directly measurable. Therefore, in order to identify its specific effects, we have measured Fara-darmani CF effects indirectly on a plant’s biochemical processes. At this point, more biochemical and histological studies can collaborate to clarify this phenomenon. In addition, more explanation was added in the discussion section (paragraph 2).

If there isn’t any research about Fara-darmani Consciousness Field, the author can use some article for the discussion:
Thank you for this suggestion. We have put a significant effort in improving the discussion section and these two references were added to the paragraph 1 and 2. In addition, we improved the discussion with more references.

View more View less

Competing Interests

No competing interests were disclosed.

Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article:

Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested

Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit.

Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions

[1] Abeles FB, Biles CL: Characterization of peroxidases in lignifying peach fruit endocarp. Plant Physiol. 1991; 95(1): 269–273. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text

[2] Agarwal S, Pandey V: Antioxidant enzyme responses to NaCl stress in Cassia angustifolia. Biologia Plantarum. 2004; 48(4): 555–560. Publisher Full Text

[3] Al-aghabary K, Zhu Z, Shi Q: Influence of silicon supply on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidative enzyme activities in tomato plants under salt stress. J Plant Nutr. 2005; 27(12): 2101–2115. Publisher Full Text

[4] Arnon DI: COPPER ENZYMES IN ISOLATED CHLOROPLASTS. POLYPHENOLOXIDASE IN BETA VULGARIS. Plant Physiol. 1949; 24(1): 1. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text

[5] Ashraf M, Karim F, Rasul E: Interactive effects of gibberellic acid (GA₃) and salt stress on growth, ion accumulation and photosynthetic capacity of two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Plant Growth Regulation. 2002; 36(1): 49–59. Publisher Full Text

[6] Ashraf M, Harris P: "Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants." Plant Science. 2004; 166(1): 3–16. Publisher Full Text

[7] Baumgartner SM, Shah D, Heussener P, et al.: Homeopathic dilutions: is there a potential for application in organic plant production? IFOAM (2000)- the world Grows Organic. Reference Source

[8] Betti L, Lazzarato L, Trebbi G, et al.: Effects of homeopathic arsenic on tobacco plant resistance to tobacco mosaic virus: theoretical suggestions about system variability, based on a large experimental data set. Homeopathy. 2003; 92(4): 195–202. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text

[9] Bor M, Özdemir F, Türkan I: The effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in leaves of sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. and wild beet Beta maritima L. Plant Science. 2003; 164(1): 77–84.Publisher Full Text

[10] Chen Z, Silva H, Klessig DF: Active oxygen species in the induction of plant systemic acquired resistance by salicylic acid. Science. 1993; 262(5141): 1883–1886. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text

[11] Giannopolitis CN, Ries SK: Superoxide dismutases: I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiol. 1977; 59(2): 309–314. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text

[12] Hernández JA, Almansa MS: Short-term effects of salt stress on antioxidant systems and leaf water relations of pea leaves. Physiol Plant. 2002; 115(2): 251–257. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text

[13] Hoagland DR, Arnon DI: The Water-Culture Method for Growing Plants Without Soil. Circular 347. Agricultural Experiment Station, University of California, Berkeley. 1950. Reference Source

[14] Jahn RG, Dunne BJ, Jahn EG, et al.: Analytical judging procedure for remote perception experiments. J Parapsychol. 1980; 44: 207–231.

[15] Jahn R, Dunne B, Bradish G, et al.: Mind/machine interaction consortium: PortREG replication experiments. J Sci Explor. 2000; 14: 499–555. Reference Source

[16] Koca H, Ozdemir F, Turkan I: Effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities of Lycopersicon esculentum and L. pennellii. Biologia Plantarum. 2006; 50(4): 745–748. Publisher Full Text

[17] Kuzniak E, Urbanek H: The involvement of hydrogen peroxide in plant responses to stresses. Acta Physiol Plant. 2000; 22(2): 195–203. Publisher Full Text

[18] Mittler R: Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sci. 2002; 7(9): 405–410. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text

[19] Navari-Izzo F, Hendry G, del Rio l: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Oxygen, Free Radicals and Environmental Stress in Plants, Munksgaardintpublltd 35 norresogade, poBbox 2148, dk-1016 copenhagen, denmark. 1998.

[20] Parida AK, Das AB: Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2005; 60(3): 324–349. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text

[21] Poonia SR, Virmani SM, Bhmbla DR: Effect of ESP (exchangeable sodium percentage) of soil on the yield, chemical composition and uptake to applied calcium by wheat. J indian Soc Soil Sci. 1972; 20: 183–185.

[22] Radin DI, Nelson RD: Evidence for consciousness-related anomalies in random physical systems. Found Phys. 1989; 19: 1499–1514. Publisher Full Text

[23] Randall JL, Davis CP: Paranormal deformation of nitinol wire: A confirmatory experiment. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research. 1982; 51(792): 368–373.

[24] Raymond J, Rakariyatham N, Azanza J: Purification and some properties of polyphenoloxidase from sunflower seeds. Phytochemistry. 1993; 34(4): 927–931. Publisher Full Text

[25] Rhine JB: “Mind over matter” or the PK effect. J Am Soc Psych Res. 1944; 38: 185–201.

[26] Rubio MC, Gonzalez EM, Minchin FR, et al.: Effects of water stress on antioxidant enzymes of leaves and nodules of transgenic alfalfa over expressing superoxide dismutases. Physiol Plant. 2002; 115(4): 531–540. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text

[27] Shalata A, Mittova V, Volokita M, et al.: Response of the cultivated tomato and its wild salt-tolerant relative Lycopersiconpennellii to salt-dependent oxidative stress: The root antioxidative system. Physiol Plant. 2001; 112(4): 487–494. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text

[28] Smirnoff N: Tansley Review No. 52. The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytol. 1993; 125(1): 27–58. Publisher Full Text

[29] Stewart RR, Bewley JD: Lipid peroxidation associated with accelerated aging of soybean axes. Plant Physiology. 1980; 65(2): 245–248. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text

[30] Taheri MA: “Human from another outlook” Interuniversal Press; 2nd Edition (September 26, 2013). ISBN-13: 978-1939507006, ISBN-10: 1939507006 2013.

[31] Torabi S: Alleviative Effects of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field on Triticum aestivum L. under Salinity Stress. Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:C7bIJWJSo6dsQMzfKtpWPQ== [fileUNF] 2020. http://www.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XNMRMV

[32] Torabi S, Niknam V: Effects of iso-osmotic concentrations of NaCl and mannitol on some metabolic activity in calluses of two salicornia species. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant. 2011; 47(6): 734–742. Publisher Full Text

[33] Varvoglis M, Bancel PA: ‘Micro-Psychokinesis’ In: Parapsychology: A Handbook for the 21^st Century, eds E. Cardena, J. Palmer, and D. Marcusson-Clavertz (Jefferson NC: McFarland & Company), 2015; 266–281. Reference Source

[34] Velikova V, Yordanov I, Edreva A: Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants: Protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Sci. 2000; 151(1): 59–66. Publisher Full Text

[35] Wahid A, Perveen M, Gelani S, et al.: Pretreatment of seed with H₂O₂ improves salt tolerance of wheat seedlings by alleviation of oxidative damage and expression of stress proteins. J Plant Physiol. 2007; 164(3): 283–294. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text

Alleviative effects of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field on Triticum aestivum L. under salinity stress

Abstract

Keywords

Introduction

Methods

Fara-darmani Consciousness Field application

Plants

Applying salinity stress

Determination of chlorophyll content

Determination of hydrogen peroxide content

Determination of lipid peroxidation

Determination of enzymes activity

Statistical analysis

Results

Figure 1.

Figure 2. Effects of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field treatment on antioxidant enzyme activities.

Discussion

Data availability

Underlying data

Notes

Acknowledgements

References

Comments on this article Comments (8)

Open Peer Review

Comments on this article Comments (8)

Open Peer Review

Reviewer Status

Reviewer Reports

Comments on this article

Browse by related subjects

Competing Interests Policy

Stay Updated